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Sustainable Biochar for Water and Wastewater Treatment

1st Edition - April 22, 2022

Editors: Dinesh Mohan, Charles Pittman Jr., Todd E. Mlsna

Paperback ISBN:

9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 2 2 2 5 - 6

eBook ISBN:

9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 3 2 6 7 - 5

Sustainable Biochar for Water and Wastewater Treatment addresses the worldwide water contamination and scarcity problem by presenting an innovative and cost-efficient solution.… Read more

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Sustainable Biochar for Water and Wastewater Treatment addresses the worldwide water contamination and scarcity problem by presenting an innovative and cost-efficient solution. This book directly deals with the Sustainable Development Goal 6: Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all. Each chapter is authored by a respected expert in the field of water and wastewater treatment, with each chapter including case studies, worked examples, and exercises. As such, the book is the perfect introduction to the field and is multipurpose in that it can be used for teaching, learning, research, and practice. The book is invaluable for undergraduate level and above in water science, environmental sciences, soil science, material sciences and engineering, chemical sciences and engineering, and biological sciences.

The book covers the various aspects of biochar requirements for use in adsorption science and technology. It includes vital information on this hot topic and provides a real solution to the global issues of water contamination and scarcity.

Cover
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
Preface
About the editors
1: Comprehensive biomass characterization in preparation for conversion
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Biomass conversion processes
3: Biomass properties in preparation for biological conversion
4: Biomass properties in preparation for thermochemical conversion
5: Conclusion
Questions and problems
References
2: Biomass carbonization technologies
Abstract
Acknowledgment
1: Introduction
2: Char physicochemical properties
3: Effect of operational variables on the yield and quality of charcoal
4: Carbonization reactions
5: Equipment for carbonization processes
6: Conclusions
Questions and problems
References
3: Physicochemical characterization of biochar derived from biomass
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Thermal conversion processes for the production of biochar
3: Physical properties of biochar
4: Important thermal related properties
5: Summary of standard methods for biochar analysis
6: Biochar conversion into activated carbon and performance analysis
7: Conclusions
Questions, concepts, definitions, and problems
References
4: Biochar characterization for water and wastewater treatments
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Laboratory Analysis of biochar
3: Summary
Questions and problems
References
5: Biochar adsorption system designs
Abstract
Acknowledgments
1: Introduction
2: Sorption isotherm models
3: Sorption kinetic models
4: Sorption column design
5: Fixed-bed operation and design
6: Conclusions
Questions and Problems
References
6: Techno-economic analysis of biochar in wastewater treatment
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Biochar markets and economics
3: Biochar costs in wastewater facilities
4: Biochar production
5: Biochar market drivers
6: Conclusions
Questions and problems
References
7: Retention of oxyanions on biochar surface
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Motivation for removing oxyanions of interest
3: Chemical properties of biochar influencing oxyanion sorption
4: Feedstock and pyrolysis temperatures influence on surface chemistry and physical properties of biochar
5: Physical properties of biochar influencing oxyanion sorption
6: Applications of biochar for removing oxyanions from water and wastewater
7: Conclusions and future perspectives
Questions and problems
References
8: Arsenic removal from household drinking water by biochar and biochar composites: A focus on scale-up
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Biochar-based adsorbent synthesis
3: Adsorbent performance testing for scaled-up drinking water arsenic treatment
4: Conclusions
Questions and problems
References
9: Application of biochar for the removal of actinides and lanthanides from aqueous solutions
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Biochar and engineered biochar
3: Sorption performance and dynamics
4: Scaling up: From batch to column configuration
5: Conclusions, gaps, and future perspectives
Questions and problems
References
10: Microplastic removal from water and wastewater by carbon-supported materials
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Microplastics—Sources and effects in the aquatic environment
3: Analysis methods for microplastics
4: Microplastic retention by biochars and activated carbons
5: Conclusions
Questions and problems
References
11: Sorptive removal of pharmaceuticals using sustainable biochars
Abstract
Acknowledgments
1: Introduction
2: Pharmaceuticals: Emerging contaminants
3: Biochar as an adsorbent
4: Pharmaceutical sorption onto biochar
5: Conclusions and recommendations
Questions and problems
References
12: Dye removal using biochars
Abstract
Acknowledgment
1: Introduction
2: Classification of dyestuffs
3: Dye removal technologies
4: Adsorption technology
5: Dye removal using adsorption onto biochars
6: Summary
Questions and problems
References
Further reading
13: Biochar as a potential agent for the remediation of microbial contaminated water
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Water sources and microbial contamination
3: Mechanisms of microbial decontamination using biochar
4: Recommendation and conclusion
Questions and problems
References
14: Biochar-based constructed wetland for contaminants removal from manure wastewater
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Objectives
3: Methods
4: Batch sorption of nutrients in CAFO wastewater by biochar
5: Greenhouse study
6: Greenhouse CTW results and discussion
7: Conclusions
Questions and problems
References
15: Biochar and biochar composites for oil sorption
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Uptake performance
3: Uptake mechanisms
4: Conclusions, challenges, and gaps
Questions and problems
References
16: Biochar and biochar composites for poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) sorption
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Breakthrough column studies and pilot scale testing
3: Sorption interactions
4: Conclusions, gaps, and future studies
Questions and problems
References
17: Simple modeling approaches to monitor and predict organic contaminant adsorption by biochar
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Relationships between OC adsorption capacity with surface area and H:C ratios
3: Modeling the influence of OC concentration on adsorption by biochar
4: Estimating biochar adsorber performance from batch adsorption data
5: Using ultraviolet absorbance to monitor OC breakthrough in biochar column adsorbers
6: Summary
Questions and problems
References
18: Nanoscale zero-valent iron-decorated biochar for aqueous contaminant removal
Abstract
Acknowledgments
1: Introduction
2: Synthesis of nZVI and biochar-supported nZVI
3: Advantages of biochar as the nZVI support
4: Characterization of nZVI@BC
5: nZVI@BC for water remediation
6: Conclusions and future perspectives
Questions and problems
References
19: An insight into the sorptive interactions between aqueous contaminants and biochar
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Structural changes that occur in biomass during biochar production
3: Common functional moieties in biochar and adsorbates
4: Biochar-based sorptive interactions
5: Factors effecting the BC-adsorbate interactions
6: Prediction of contaminant-biochar interactions
7: Conclusions
Questions and problems
References
20: Nanobiochar for aqueous contaminant removal
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Nanobiochar preparation methods
3: Comparative evaluation of pristine and nanobiochar properties
4: Nanobiochars for aqueous contaminant removal
5: Conclusions and future recommendations
Questions and problems
References
21: Life cycle analysis of biochar use in water treatment plants
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Fundamentals of life cycle analysis (LCA)
3: LCA of biochar production
4: Case study: Biochar production from corn stover
5: LCA of biochar use in wastewater treatment
6: Critical discussion
7: Conclusions
Questions and problems
Appendix
References
22: Optimizing biochar adsorption relative to activated carbon in water treatment
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Non-adsorptive qualities
3: Adsorptive performance comparison in water and wastewater treatment
4: Emerging biochar enhancement methods
5: Summary
Questions and problems
References
23: Biochar-assisted advanced oxidation processes for wastewater treatment
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Biochar-based catalysts
3: Biochar application in AOPs
4: Summary and future perspectives
Questions and problems
References
Further reading
Index

Dinesh Mohan

Dinesh Mohan is a professor in the School of Environmental Sciences at Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India. He is an elected fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry (FRSC), London, and of the National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS). He is also an adjunct professor at the Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, United States. He is a visiting professor at the Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic. He was an adjunct professor at the International Centre for Applied Climate Science University of Southern Queensland, Australia. He has earned his master’s degree and PhD from the Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (IITR). Professor Mohan also worked as a postdoctoral associate at Penn State University (1997) for 2years and at Mississippi State University (2005) for more than 2 years. For the last more than 26 years, he has been involved in various research activities including water monitoring, assessment, modeling, and remediation; sustainable treatment technologies for contaminants removal; climate change mitigation; and biomass conversion into biooil and biochar. Recently, he has developed a technology for a sustainable solution to the stubble burning problem in India. He has successfully completed more than 20 research projects and has published more than 150 research papers (total citations: >40,000 and h factor: 75) in the high impact factor journals. Dr. Mohan has been a recipient of a number of academic and professional recognitions, including the 2007 Scopus Young Scientist Award (given by Elsevier), the Hiyoshi Environmental Award 2009 (given by Hiyoshi Corporation Japan), the USQ 2017 Research Giant (given by the University of Southern Queensland, Australia), and the Clarivate Analytics India Research Excellence Citation Awards 2019. He has been named “Outstanding Scientist” by CSIR, India. He has received global recognition as the Clarivate Highly Cited Researcher in 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021. He has been named to the World’s Most Influential Scientific Minds 2014 and 2015 published by Thomson Reuters. He is also listed in Two Categories (Environmental Science & Engineering as well as in Chemical Engineering) among Elsevier’s list of most Highly Cited Researchers 2016 developed by ShanghaiRanking for Global Ranking of Academic Subjects.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor, School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India

Charles Pittman Jr.

Charles U. Pittman Jr. is an emeritus professor in the Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, United States. He is one of the world’s premier synthetic materials chemists. His research is highly cited, having spanned the fields of organic, organometallic, polymer, inorganic chemistry, rocket propellant combustion, and composite materials utilizing techniques such as HPLC, GC, TLC, GPC, GCMS, NMR, IR, UV polarimetry, XPS, ISS, TEM/SEM, EXAFS, SANS, USANS, DMA, SAX, and photochemical methods. He has synthesized novel polymers, copolymers, and terpolymers and evaluated their radiation degradation behavior and sensitivity. He has published more than 900 research papers, chapters, and patents; has presented more than 420 invited lectures; and has been supported by NSF, ARO, AFOSR, ONR, PRF, EPA, DOE, NASA, Research Corporation, and numerous private sources.

Affiliations and expertise

Emeritus Professor, Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, USA

Todd E. Mlsna

Todd E. Mlsna is a full professor in the Department of Chemistry at Mississippi State University, United States. He graduated with a bachelor’s degree from Albion College and a PhD from the University of Texas at Austin. From 1994 to 1998, he worked at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), Washington, DC, on the development of miniature analytical instrumentation. In 2003, Dr. Mlsna cofounded Seacoast Science where he served as president. He joined Mississippi State University in 2009. His work has been presented in many scientific conferences, and he has published 125 journal papers and book chapters. In 2016, he established Creekside Environmental Products to commercialize environmentally friendly adsorbents and soil amendments developed in his academic laboratory.

Affiliations and expertise

Full Professor, Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, USA