Surface Acoustic Wave Devices and Their Signal Processing Applications

Preface


1 Introduction

1.1 Historical Background

1.2 Merits of SAW Devices

1.3 Outline of SAW Device Applications

1.4 Aims of This Text

1.5 References


2 Basics of Acoustic Waves and Piezoelectricity

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Surface Acoustic Waves

2.3 Effect of Acoustic Bulk Waves on SAW Filter Performance

2.4 Summary

2.5 References


3 Principles of Linear Phase SAW Filter Design

3.1 Linear Phase Filters

3.2 Deviations from Ideal Phase Response in SAW Filters

3.3 Simple Modeling of an Ideal Linear Phase SAW Filter

3.4 Fourier Transforms and IDT Finger Apodization

3.5 Use of Window Functions for Improved Bandpass Response

3.6 Overall SAW Filter Response

3.7 Summary

3.8 References


4 Equivalent Circuit Models for a SAW Filter

4.1 Introduction

4.2 The Delta Function Model

4.3 SAW Power Flow in Bidirectional IDTs

4.4 The Crossed-Field Model

4.5 Application to Overall SAW Filter Response

4.6 Impulse Response Model

4.7 Summary

4.8 References


5 Trade-Offs in Linear Phase SAW Filter Design

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Bandwidth Limitations in Linear Phase SAW Filter Design

5.3 Design Trade-Offs

5.4 Summary

5.5 References


6 Compensation for Second-Order Effects

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Finger Reflections

6.3 Use of a Multistrip Coupler in Linear Phase SAW Filters

6.4 Diffraction and Diffraction Compensation

6.5 Acoustic Attenuation

6.6 More on Triple-Transit Effects—Unidirectional IDTs

6.7 Electromagnetic Feedthrough

6.8 Summary

6.9 References


7 Designing SAW Filters for Arbitrary Amplitude/Phase Response

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Negative and Positive Frequency Concepts in IDT Design

7.3 The IDT as a Sampled-Data Structure

7.4 Sampling the IDT Fingers at Other Rates

7.5 Summary

7.6 References


8 Finite Impulse Response Design Techniques for Linear Phase SAW Filters

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Some Digital Filter Concepts

8.3 Using the Remez Algorithm for SAW Filter Design

8.4 Baseband Designs and the Effect of Sampling

8.5 Illustrative Remez Computations and SAW Filter Designs

8.6 Summary

8.7 References


8A A Computer Program for SAW FIR Filter Design


9 The SAW Linear FM Chirp Filter

9.1 Introduction

9.2 The IDT for a SAW Linear FM Chirp Filter

9.3 The Slanted Array Compressor (SAC)

9.4 The Reflective Array Compressor (RAC)

9.5 SAW Chirp Filters in Pulse Compression Radar

9.6 Variable Delay Lines Using SAW Chirp Filter

9.7 Summary

9.8 References


10 The Two-Port SAW Resonator

10.1 Introduction

10.2 SAW Reflections and Reflection Gratings

10.3 Design Parameters and Constraints

10.4 Matrix Building Blocks for the SAW Resonator

10.5 Summary

10.6 References


11 Harmonic SAW Delay Lines for Gigahertz Frequencies

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Harmonic Operation of Linear Phase SAW Filters

11.3 Impulse Response Measurements as a Diagnostic Tool

11.4 Summary

11.5 References


12 Comb and Single-Phase Unidirectional Transducers

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Basic SAW Comb Filters Using a Tapped IDT Delay Line

12.3 SAW Comb Filters with More Complex IDT Structures

12.4 SAW Filters with Single-Phase Unidirectional Transducers (SPUDTs)

12.5 Illustrative Coupling-of-Modes Design of SPUDTBased SAW Filter

12.6 Experimental Performance of SPUDT-Based SAW Filter

12.7 Low-Loss SAW Comb Filters Using Unidirectional Transducers

12.8 A Postscript on the Double-Metalization SPUDT

12.9 Summary

12.10 References


13 Coding Techniques Using Linear SAW Transducers

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Matched Filter Concepts

13.3 Rationale for Using Spread Spectrum

13.4 Processing Gain with Binary Phase-Coded SAW IDTs

13.5 Fixed-Code SAW Transducers for Binary Phase Shift Keying

13.6 Second-Order Effects in SAW Tapped Delay Lines

13.7 SAW Transducers for Quadraphase Code Generation

13.8 SAW Filters for Continuous Phase Shift Modulation (CPSM)

13.9 Programmable SAW Transversal Filters

13.10 Summary

13.11 References


14 Real-Time SAW Convolvers

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Nonlinear Piezoelectric Behavior of SAW Devices

14.3 Convolution Relations for the Elastic SAW Convolver

14.4 Using the Elastic SAW Convolver as a Correlator

14.5 The Monolithic Waveguide Type of SAW Convolver

14.6 The Three-Port Acoustoelectric SAW Convolver

14.7 The Four-Port Acoustoelectric SAW Convolver

14.8 Synchronous and Asynchronous Operation of SAW Convolvers

14.9 Summary

14.10 References


15 SAW Oscillators and Frequency Synthesizers

15.1 Introduction

15.2 Phase Noise Spectrum of an Oscillator

15.3 SAW Oscillator Performance Expectations

15.4 Time-Domain Oscillator Stability Measurements

15.5 Single-Mode Fixed-Frequency SAW Oscillators

15.6 Single-Mode Tunable SAW Oscillators

15.7 Multimode SAW Oscillator

15.8 A SAW-Based Frequency Synthesizer

15.9 Summary

15.10 References


16 Real-Time SAW Fourier-Transform Processors

16.1 Introduction

16.2 Single-Stage SAW Fourier-Transform Processors

16.3 Two-Stage Fourier-Transform Processors for Cepstrum Analysis

16.4 Two-Stage SAW Transform Processor for Real-Time On-Line Filtering

16.5 Use of SAW Bilinear Mixers

16.6 Summary

16.7 References


17 SAW Filters in Digital Communications

17.1 Introduction

17.2 Review of Pertinent Codes and Power Spectra

17.3 Nyquist Theorems and Filters

17.4 Illustrative SAW Nyquist Filter Applications

17.5 SAW Filters for Clock Recovery in Optical Fiber Data Systems

17.6 Summary

17.7 References


18 Other Techniques and Developments

18.1 Scope of This Chapter

18.2 Withdrawal-Weighting Design of Interdigital Transducers

18.3 Interdigital Transducers with Slanted- or Curved-Finger Geometries

18.4 Reflective Dot Array (RDA) Compressor

18.5 Techniques Using Half-Length Multistrip Coupler (MSC) Geometries

18.6 Highlights of SAW-Based Acousto-Optic Techniques

18.7 Further Developments in SAW-Based Devices on Gallium Arsenide

18.8 Shallow Bulk Acoustic Wave (SBAW) Devices

18.9 Summary

18.10 References

Index