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Supercritical Fluid Technology for Energy and Environmental Applications
- 1st Edition - December 21, 2013
- Editors: Vladimir Anikeev, Maohong Fan
- Language: English
- Hardback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 4 - 6 2 6 9 6 - 7
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 4 - 6 2 6 9 7 - 4
Supercritical Fluid Technology for Energy and Environmental Applications covers the fundamental principles involved in the preparation and characterization of supercritical fluids… Read more
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Request a sales quoteSupercritical Fluid Technology for Energy and Environmental Applications covers the fundamental principles involved in the preparation and characterization of supercritical fluids (SCFs) used in the energy production and other environmental applications. Energy production from diversified resources — including renewable materials — using clean processes can be accomplished using technologies like SCFs. This book is focused on critical issues scientists and engineers face in applying SCFs to energy production and environmental protection, the innovative solutions they have found, and the challenges they need to overcome. The book also covers the basics of sub- and supercritical fluids, like the thermodynamics of phase and chemical equilibria, mathematical modeling, and process calculations.A supercritical fluid is any substance at a temperature and pressure above its critical point where distinct liquid and gas phases do not exist. At this state the compound demonstrates unique properties, which can be "fine-tuned," making them suitable as organic solvents in a range of industrial and laboratory processes.This volume enables readers to select the most appropriate medium for a specific situation. It helps instructors prepare course material for graduate and postgraduate courses in the area of chemistry, chemical engineering, and environmental engineering. And it helps professional engineers learn supercritical fluid-based technologies and use them in solving the increasingly challenging environmental issues.
- Relates theory, chemical characteristics, and properties of the particular supercritical fluid to its various applications
- Covers the fundamentals of supercritical fluids, like thermodynamics of phase and chemical equilibria, mathematical modeling, and process calculations
- Includes the most recent applications of supercritical fluids, including energy generation, materials synthesis, and environmental protection
Chemists, physical chemists, chemical engineers (catalysis, process engineers), academics and researchers of new technologies in academia, government and corporate research, environmental chemists/engineers
Contributors
Chapter 1. Synthesis of Biodiesel Fuel in Supercritical Lower Alcohols with and without Heterogeneous Catalysts (Thermodynamics, Phase and Chemical Equilibriums, Experimental Studies)
Abstract
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Calculation of Thermodynamic and Physicochemical Data for Individual Compounds
1.3 Phase Equilibrium in Transesterification of Triglycerides of Fatty Acids with Methanol
1.4 Chemical Equilibrium: Calculation Models and Methods
1.5 Transesterification of Rapeseed Oil in Supercritical Methanol in a Flow Reactor
1.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 2. Particle Formation Using Sub- and Supercritical Fluids
Abstract
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Modeling of Supercritical Micronization Processes
2.3 Micronization Processes Using Sub- and Supercritical Fluids
2.4 Particles from Gas Saturated Solutions (PGSS™)
2.5 Conclusions and Outlook
References
Chapter 3. Environmentally Benign Transformations of Monoterpenes and Monoterpenoids in Supercritical Fluids
Abstract
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Transformations of Monoterpenoids with Pinane Framework
3.3 Transformations of Monoterpenoids with para-Menthane Framework
3.4 Catalytic Transformations of Acyclic Monoterpenoids
3.5 Conclusions
References
Chapter 4. Biomass Conversion in Supercritical Water
Abstract
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Cellulose Dissolution in High-Temperature Water
4.3 Kinetics in Supercritical Water and Cellulose Hydrolysis
4.4 Chemicals Recovery from Glucose
4.5 Chemical Recovery from Lignin
4.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 5. Environmentally Benign Route for Nanomaterial Synthesis by Using SCW
Abstract
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Principles of Supercritical Hydrothermal Synthesis
5.3 Apparatus for Supercritical Hydrothermal Synthesis
5.4 NP Synthesis by Supercritical Hydrothermal Synthesis
5.5 Organic–Inorganic Hybrid NP Synthesis Using SCW
5.6 Controlled Assembly of NPs
5.7 Hybrid Nanomaterials
5.8 Conclusion
References
Chapter 6. Supercritical Water Gasification for Hydrogen Production: Current Status and Prospective of High-Temperature Operation
Abstract
Acknowledgments
6.1 Introduction
6.2 High-Temperature Water
6.3 Thermodynamics of SCWG
6.4 Gasification of Simple Feedstocks
6.5 Gasification of Fossil Fuels
6.6 Challenges/Outlook
6.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 7. Hydrolysis in Near- and Supercritical Water for Biomass Conversion and Material Recycling
Abstract
Acknowledgments
7.1 Why Perform Hydrolysis Reactions in Near- and Supercritical Water?
7.2 Biomass Liquefaction toward Biofuels and Platform Molecules
7.3 Chemical Recycling Using Supercritical Fluids
7.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 8. Applications of Aerogels and Their Composites in Energy-Related Technologies
Abstract
Acknowledgments
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Aerogels as Thermal Insulators
8.3 Aerogels as Catalyst Supports
8.4 Aerogels as Catalysts
8.5 Aerogels as Energy Storage Devices
8.6 Aerogels as Adsorbents
8.7 Aerogels in Solar Cells
8.8 Conclusion
References
Chapter 9. Supercritical Water Oxidation for Wastewater Destruction with Energy Recovery
Abstract
9.1 Introduction
9.2 SCWO Requirements
9.3 Model Compounds and Wastewaters Studied
9.4 Economics Aspects of SCWO
9.5 Energy Recovery
9.6 Atmospheric Pressure Water Heating
9.7 Conclusions
References
Chapter 10. Supercritical Water Gasification of Organic Wastes for Energy Generation
Abstract
Acknowledgments
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Supercritical Water Gasification
10.3 Conclusions
References
Chapter 11. Application of Supercritical Pressure in Power Engineering: Specifics of Thermophysical Properties and Forced-Convective Heat Transfer
Abstract
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Thermophysical Properties at Critical and Supercritical Pressures
11.3 Specifics of Forced-Convection Heat Transfer at Supercritical Pressure
11.4 Hydraulic Resistance
11.5 Conclusions
Nomenclature
References
Chapter 12. Biopolymer Degradation in Sub- and Supercritical Water for Biomass Waste Recycling
Abstract
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Properties of Water in Sub- and Supercritical Conditions
12.3 Development of Reactors and Experimental Techniques
12.4 Hydrolysis of Cellulose
12.5 Hydrolysis of Proteins
12.6 General Reaction Pathways and Kinetics of Hydrolysis of Biopolymers
12.7 Carbonic (or Carbon Dioxide) Enhancement of Hydrolysis
12.8 Coupling with Electromagnetic Methods to Enhance Reaction Rates
12.9 Conclusion and Outlook
References
Chapter 13. Energy Conversion of Biomass and Recycling of Waste Plastics Using Supercritical Fluid, Subcritical Fluid and High-Pressure Superheated Steam
Abstract
Acknowledgments
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Energy Conversion of Biomass Using Subcritical Water and High-Pressure Superheated Steam
13.3 Recycling of Waste Plastics Using Super/Subcritical Fluids
13.4 Conclusions
References
Index
- No. of pages: 284
- Language: English
- Edition: 1
- Published: December 21, 2013
- Imprint: Elsevier
- Hardback ISBN: 9780444626967
- eBook ISBN: 9780444626974
VA
Vladimir Anikeev
Affiliations and expertise
Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, RussiaMF
Maohong Fan
Affiliations and expertise
University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USARead Supercritical Fluid Technology for Energy and Environmental Applications on ScienceDirect