Sturdevant's Art and Science of Operative Dentistry
- 8th Edition - January 20, 2025
- Editor: Andre V. Ritter
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 1 0 3 3 - 7
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 1 1 3 0 - 3
Get a better picture of operative dentistry from the most complete text on the market. Using a heavily illustrated, step-by-step approach, Sturdevant’s Art and Science of Operativ… Read more
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Request a sales quoteGet a better picture of operative dentistry from the most complete text on the market. Using a heavily illustrated, step-by-step approach, Sturdevant’s Art and Science of Operative Dentistry, Eighth Edition helps you master the fundamentals and procedures of restorative and preventive dentistry and learn to make informed decisions to solve patient needs. Drawing from both theory and practice and supported by extensive clinical and laboratory research, this edition features a new chapter on endodontics, an enhanced art program, and an enhanced ebook, included with every new print purchase, that includes supplemental chapters, procedure videos, and more. It’s the practicing dentist’s complete guide to all aspects of operative dentistry.
- NEW! Chapter addresses Endodontics Applied to Operative Dentistry
- UPDATED! Expanded art program includes more color images in the technically focused chapters to clarify essential concepts
- NEW! Enhanced ebook version, included with every new print purchase, features supplemental chapters and procedure videos, plus access to all the text, figures, and references, with the ability to search, customize content, make notes and highlights, and have content read aloud
- Complete guidance for all aspects of operative dentistry provides a thorough understanding of caries and an authoritative approach to treatment and prevention
- Emphasis on treating the underlying causes of patient problems goes beyond just restoring damage that has occurred
- Evidence-based approach is supported by extensive clinical and laboratory research
- Illustrated step-by-step approach supports the learning of conservative restorative and preventive dentistry
Dental students
- Sturdevant’s Art and Science of Operative Dentistry
- Cover image
- Title page
- Table of Contents
- Copyright
- Dedication
- Contributors
- Foreword
- Preface
- Acknowledgements
- List of Illustrations
- List of Tables
- 1. Clinical significance of dental anatomy, histology, physiology, and occlusion
- Teeth and supporting tissues
- Dentitions
- Classes of human teeth: Form and function
- Structures of teeth
- Physiology of tooth form
- Maxilla and mandible
- Oral mucosa
- Periodontium
- Occlusion
- General description
- Mechanics of mandibular motion
- Capacity of motion of the mandible
- Articulators and mandibular movements
- Tooth contacts during mandibular movements
- Neurologic correlates and control of mastication
- References
- 2. Dental caries: Etiology, clinical characteristics, risk assessment, and management
- What is dental caries?
- Ecologic basis of dental caries: The role of the biofilm
- Tooth habitats for cariogenic biofilm
- Oral hygiene and its role in the dental caries process
- Saliva: Nature’s anticaries agent
- Diet and dental caries
- Clinical characteristics of the caries lesion
- Clinical sites for caries initiation
- Caries lesion progression
- Enamel caries lesions
- Dentin caries lesions
- Caries risk assessment and management
- Caries risk assessment
- Risk assessment considerations for children under 6 years old
- Caries management and protocols or strategies for prevention
- Root caries management
- Summary
- References
- 3. Preliminary considerations for operative dentistry
- Preoperative patient and dental team considerations
- Patient and operator positions
- Instrument exchange
- Magnification and headlamp illumination
- Isolation of the operating field
- Goals of isolation
- Rubber dam isolation
- Cotton roll isolation and cellulose wafers
- Other isolation techniques
- Summary
- References
- 4. Patient assessment, examination, diagnosis, and treatment planning
- General considerations
- Patient assessment
- Medical history
- Dental history
- Chief concern
- Examination
- Examination of esthetic appearance
- Examination of occlusion
- Examination of teeth and restorations
- Adjunctive methods for examining teeth and restorations
- Diagnosis
- Dental disease: Interpretation and use of diagnostic findings
- Risk assessments and profiles
- Prognosis
- Treatment planning
- General considerations
- Treatment plan sequencing/phasing
- Interdisciplinary considerations in operative treatment planning
- Treatment of abrasion, erosion, noncarious cervical lesions, and attrition
- Treatment of root-surface caries
- Treatment of root-surface sensitivity
- Treatment by repair and recontour of existing restorations
- Treatment by replacement of existing restorations
- Treatment with amalgam restorations
- Treatment with direct composite and other tooth-colored restorations
- Treatment with indirect cast-metal restorations
- Treatment with indirect tooth-colored restorations
- Treatment of esthetic concerns
- Treatment considerations for geriatric patients
- Treatment plan approval
- Summary
- References
- 5. Tooth preparation: Concepts, instrumentation, and stages
- Tooth preparation: Definition and foundational concepts
- Tooth preparation: Instrumentation
- Laser instrumentation
- Rotary instrumentation
- Bladed cutting
- Abrasive cutting
- Dental burs
- Diamond abrasive instruments
- Rotary instrumentation for restoration contouring
- Abrasive instruments
- Classification
- Materials
- Terminology and classification
- Hand instrument applications
- Hand-cutting
- Techniques for safe handling of instruments
- Modified pen grasp
- Inverted pen grasp
- Palm-and-thumb grasp
- Modified palm-and-thumb grasp
- Rests
- Tooth preparation: Terminology
- Tooth preparation: Stages and procedural steps
- Occlusal contact identification and rotary instrument axis alignment
- Initial tooth preparation stage: Steps 1 through 4
- Final stage of tooth preparation: Steps 5 through 9
- Summary
- References
- 6. Fundamental concepts of enamel and dentin adhesion
- Basic concepts of adhesion
- Trends in restorative dentistry
- Enamel adhesion
- Dentin adhesion
- Challenges in dentin bonding
- Substrate
- Stresses at the resin–dentin interface
- Development
- Beginning
- Current options for resin–dentin bonding
- Etch-and-rinse adhesives
- Self-etch adhesives
- Universal adhesives
- Self-adhesive composite resins
- Role of proteins in dentin bonding
- Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors
- Microleakage and nanoleakage
- Biocompatibility
- Relevance of in vitro bond strength studies
- Clinical performance
- Incompatibility issues with self-cure and dual-cure composites
- Expanded clinical indications for dentin adhesives
- Immediate dentin sealing
- Desensitization
- Adhesion to root canal dentin
- Indirect adhesive restorations
- Summary
- Disclosure
- References
- 7. Photo-activated polymerization of restorative materials
- Methacrylate-based free radical polymerization
- Activation and initiation
- Propagation
- Termination
- Development of polymerization strategies for dentistry
- Self-curing direct restorative products
- Photo-activated polymerization reactions
- Radiometric terminology
- Electromagnetic energy/electromagnetic spectrum
- Photopolymerization of resin-based restorative materials
- Photoinitiators and free-radical generation
- Ultraviolet versus blue light
- Factors affecting photopolymerization of resin-based composite
- Depth of cure
- Exposure duration
- Effect of restorative material thickness
- Interactions between photocuring light wavelength and filler particles in resin composite
- Matching refractive indices of resin and filler fractions
- Development of dental light curing units
- Quartz-tungsten-halogen lights
- Plasma-arc lights
- Lasers
- LED technology
- “Turbo” light guides and lensed units
- Stress development during polymerization
- Soft-start light exposure methods
- Batteries for LED LCUs
- Budget (low-cost) LCUs
- Characterization of light output from dental LCUs
- Radiant power measurement
- Thermopile
- Integrating sphere
- Light beam uniformity (homogeneity)
- Monitoring light output
- Handheld “dental radiometers”
- Practical considerations for intraoral photocuring of dental restorative resins
- Factors affecting light delivery to the target
- Tip distance to the restoration surface
- Infection control
- Health-related issues
- Intrapulpal temperature considerations
- The optical “blue light hazard”
- Blue light blocking protection
- Electromagnetic radiation risk from LCUs
- Teaching proper photocuring methods
- General recommendations when using an LCU
- References
- 8. Color and shade matching in operative dentistry
- Color and perception
- The color triplet (observer situation)
- Color vision
- Color dimensions
- Other optical properties
- Surround effects
- Color and appearance of teeth and dental materials
- Tooth color and appearance
- Color-related properties of restorative materials
- Color matching tools—dental shade guides
- Dental shade guides
- Commercial shade guides
- Custom shade guides
- Color matching instruments
- Dental photography
- Visual shade matching method
- Three pre–shade matching steps
- Five shade matching steps
- Improving shade matching skills
- Appendix
- The curious case of a “bleaching mishap”
- References
- 9. Clinical technique for direct composite resin and glass ionomer restorations
- General considerations for composite restorations
- Indications and contraindications
- Advantages and disadvantages
- Clinical technique for pit-and-fissure sealants
- Clinical technique for preventive resin and conservative composite restorations
- Clinical technique for class I direct composite restorations
- Initial clinical procedures
- Tooth preparation
- Restorative technique
- Clinical technique for class II direct composite restorations
- Initial clinical procedures
- Tooth preparation
- Restorative technique
- Extensive class II direct composite restorations and foundations
- Clinical technique for class III direct composite restorations
- Initial clinical procedures
- Tooth preparation
- Restorative technique
- Clinical technique for class IV direct composite restorations
- Initial clinical procedures
- Tooth preparation
- Restorative technique
- Clinical technique for class V direct composite restorations
- Initial clinical procedures
- Tooth preparation
- Restorative technique
- Clinical technique for class VI direct composite restorations
- Clinical technique for glass ionomer restorations
- Repairing composite restorations
- Common problems: Causes and potential solutions
- White line adjacent to the enamel margin
- Voids
- Inadequate proximal contacts (class II, III, and IV)
- Inaccurate shade
- Contouring and finishing problems
- Postoperative sensitivity
- Summary
- References
- 10. Conservative esthetic procedures
- Dental artistic elements
- Shape or form
- Symmetry and proportionality
- Position and alignment
- Surface texture
- Color
- Translucency
- Clinical considerations
- Conservative alterations of tooth contours and contacts
- Alterations of shape of natural teeth
- Alterations of embrasures
- Correction of diastemas
- Conservative treatments for discolored teeth
- Extrinsic discolorations
- Intrinsic discolorations
- Bleaching treatments
- Nonvital bleaching procedures
- Vital bleaching procedures
- Microabrasion and macroabrasion
- Microabrasion
- Macroabrasion
- Veneers
- Direct veneer technique
- Indirect veneer techniques
- Direct-indirect veneer technique
- Veneer provisionalization
- Resin-bonded splints
- Resin-bonded pontics
- Natural tooth pontic
- All-porcelain pontic
- Acknowledgments
- References
- 11. Clinical technique for amalgam restorations
- General considerations for amalgam restorations
- Indications and contraindications
- Advantages and disadvantages
- General clinical technique for amalgam restorations
- Initial clinical procedures
- Local anesthesia
- Isolation of the operating site
- Other preoperative considerations
- General concepts guiding preparation for amalgam restorations
- Principles
- Initial tooth preparation
- Outline form
- Cavosurface margin
- Resistance form
- Retention form
- Convenience form
- Final tooth preparation
- Removal of defective restorative material and/or soft dentin
- Pulp protection
- Secondary resistance and retention forms
- General concepts guiding restoration with amalgam
- Matrix placement
- Mixing (triturating) the amalgam
- Insertion of the amalgam
- Precarve burnishing
- Carving the amalgam
- Occlusal areas
- Facial and lingual areas
- Proximal embrasure areas
- Evaluation of occlusal contact areas on the restoration
- Finishing and polishing
- Repairing an amalgam restoration
- Clinical technique for class I amalgam restorations
- Tooth preparation for class I amalgam restorations
- Restorative technique for class I amalgam preparations
- Tooth preparation for class I occlusolingual and occlusofacial amalgam restorations
- Restorative technique for class I occlusolingual or occlusofacial amalgam preparations
- Clinical technique for class II amalgam restorations
- Tooth preparation for class II amalgam restorations that involve only one proximal surface
- Initial tooth preparation
- Final tooth preparation
- Tooth preparation for class II amalgam restorations involving both proximal surfaces
- Restorative technique for class II amalgam preparations
- Clinical technique for class III amalgam restorations
- Tooth preparation for class III amalgam restorations
- Restorative technique for class III amalgam preparations
- Matrix placement
- Condensation and carving
- Clinical technique for class V amalgam restorations
- Initial procedures
- Tooth preparation for class V amalgam restorations
- Restorative technique for class V amalgam preparations
- Clinical technique for class VI amalgam restorations
- Clinical technique for complex amalgam restorations
- Indications
- Advantages and disadvantages of complex amalgam restorations
- Tooth preparation for complex amalgam restorations
- Tooth preparation for slot-retained amalgam restorations
- Tooth preparation for pin-retained amalgam restorations
- Tooth preparation for amalgam foundations
- Restorative technique for complex amalgam preparations
- Summary
- References
- 12. Periodontology applied to restorative dentistry
- Basic concepts of the periodontium relevant for restorative dentistry
- The gingiva
- The cementum
- The alveolar bone
- The periodontal ligament
- The biologic width
- The gingival display
- Restorative and related factors affecting periodontal health
- The importance of maintenance therapy
- Gingival biotypes
- Furcation involvement
- Open proximal contacts
- Enamel pearls
- Cervical enamel projection
- Cemental tears
- Palatoradicular grooves
- Tooth position
- Occlusion
- Periodontal procedures relevant to restorative dentistry
- Crown lengthening
- Gingivectomy
- Distal wedge
- Mucogingival surgery for noncarious cervical lesions
- Laser and electrosurgery in periodontal-restorative dentistry
- Effect of restorative treatment on the periodontium
- Restoration invading biologic width
- Type of materials
- Provisional restorations and restorative margins
- Retraction cord and impressions
- Summary
- References
- 13. Endodontics applied to operative dentistry
- Diagnosis of pulpal and periapical diseases
- Introduction
- Patient reporting
- Diagnostic tests
- Radiography
- Endodontic diagnosis
- Treatment planning
- Pulp and periapical response to caries lesions
- Biology and histology of the pulp
- Pulp vascularization
- Pulp innervation
- Pulp response to caries
- Periapical tissue response to caries
- Pulp response to restorative procedures and materials
- Vital pulp therapy
- What is vital pulp therapy?
- When to consider a VPT
- Suggested VPT protocol based on clinical signs and symptoms
- VPT materials
- Use of rubber (dental) dam
- Failures after VPT
- Restoration of endodontically treated teeth
- Mechanical properties of endodontically treated teeth
- Considerations for treatment planning based on biomechanical evidence
- Restorative guidelines for ETT
- Post and core systems: Materials and techniques
- References
- 14. Digital dentistry in operative dentistry
- Clinical application
- Chairside CAD/CAM systems
- Tooth preparation principles for CAD/CAM restorations
- Crowns
- Inlays and onlays
- Chairside CAD/CAM clinical workflow
- Chairside restorative materials
- Accuracy of digital impressions
- Research relative to CAD/CAM systems
- Clinical longevity of CAD/CAM restorations
- Conclusion
- References
- Supplemental Online Chapters
- 15. Dental biomaterials
- The bottom line
- Physical and mechanical properties
- The bottom line
- Direct restorative materials
- Amalgam
- Bonded amalgams
- The bottom line
- Mercury and amalgam
- The bottom line
- Composite resins
- History
- Composite resin materials
- The bottom line
- Clinical performance of amalgam versus composite resin
- Glass ionomer restorative materials
- Types of glass ionomer materials
- The bottom line
- Adhesive dentistry
- The bottom line
- Bases and cavity liners in the adhesive era
- The bottom line
- Indirect restorative materials
- Impression materials
- The bottom line
- The bottom line
- Gypsum products
- The bottom line
- Casting investments
- The bottom line
- Gold alloys
- Porcelain bonding alloys
- Classification
- Composition
- Strength
- Biocompatibility
- Economic considerations
- The bottom line
- Implant materials
- The bottom line
- Evolution of all-ceramic crowns
- The bottom line
- Contemporary ceramic materials
- Indications
- The bottom line
- References
- 16. Direct gold restorations
- Materials and manufacture
- Cohesion and degassing
- Principles of compaction
- Compaction technique for gold foil
- Compaction technique for E-Z Gold
- Principles of tooth preparation for direct gold restorations
- Fundamentals of tooth preparation
- Indications and contraindications
- Tooth preparations and restorations
- Class I tooth preparation and restoration
- Class V tooth preparation and restoration
- Class III tooth preparation and restoration
- Summary
- References
- 17. Class II cast-metal restorations
- Material qualities
- Indications
- Large restorations
- Endodontically treated teeth
- Teeth at risk for fracture
- Dental rehabilitation with cast-metal alloys
- Diastema closure and occlusal plane correction
- Removable prosthodontic abutment
- Contraindications
- High caries rate
- Young patients
- Esthetics
- Small restorations
- Advantages
- Strength
- Biocompatibility
- Low wear
- Control of contours and contacts
- Disadvantages
- Number and length of appointments
- Temporary restorations
- Cost
- Technique sensitivity
- Splitting forces
- Initial procedures
- Occlusion
- Anesthesia
- Considerations for temporary restorations
- Tooth preparations for class II cast-metal restorations
- Tooth preparation for class II cast-metal inlays
- Tooth preparation for full cast-metal onlays
- Restorative techniques for cast-metal restorations
- Interocclusal record
- Final impression
- Working casts and dies
- Wax patterns
- Spruing, investing, and casting
- Seating, adjusting, and polishing the casting
- Trying-in the casting
- Seating the casting and adjusting the proximal contacts
- Cementation
- Repair
- Summary
- References
- Index
- Language: English
- Edition: 8
- Published: January 20, 2025
- Imprint: Mosby
- Paperback ISBN: 9780443110337
- eBook ISBN: 9780443111303
AR
Andre V. Ritter
Dr. André Ritter graduated from the Federal University of Santa Catarina School of Dentistry in 1987 and practiced in various settings, including private practice and community public health clinics, before relocating to the US and joining the University of North Carolina (UNC) Operative Dentistry graduate program in 1997. After graduating from that program with both a Certificate in Operative Dentistry and a MS in Dentistry degree, he was appointed Assistant Professor in the UNC Department of Operative Dentistry in 2000. Dr. Ritter was appointed Associate Professor in 2006, Full Professor in 2012, and went on to become Graduate Program Director and Department Chair. In 2016 he received the Thomas P. Hinman Distinguished Professor of Restorative Dentistry distinction. In January of 2018 he assumed the role of Executive Dean of the UNC Adams School of Dentistry, and in November of 2019 he relocated to New York City where he started his tenure as Professor and Chair of the Department of Cariology and Comprehensive care at the New York University College of Dentistry. In addition to a DDS and MS degrees, Dr. Ritter completed an MBA with specialization in Healthcare and a PhD in Dentistry. Dr. Ritter’s areas of research interest include caries diagnosis and management, minimally invasive restorative dentistry, esthetics, dental adhesion, and composite resin applications.
Affiliations and expertise
Professor, Dean, Restorative Dentistry, University of Washington School of Dentistry, Seattle, Washington