Studies in Natural Products Chemistry

Contributors

Preface

Chapter 1. Recent Insights into the Emerging Role of Triterpenoids in Cancer Therapy: Part I

Abbreviations

Introduction

Mechanisms of the Antitumor Effect of Triterpenoids

Concluding Remarks

References

Chapter 2. Recent Advances in Medicinal Applications of Brassinosteroids, a Group of Plant Hormones

Abbreviations

Introduction

Source of BRs

Toxicity of BRs

Similarity of BRs to Animal Steroid Hormones

Anabolic Effect of BRs

Anticancer and Antiproliferative Properties of BRs

Antiangiogenic Properties of BRs

Antiviral Properties of BRs

Neuroprotective Action of BRs

Concluding Remarks

References

Chapter 3. Synthesis of Bioactive Natural Products by Propargylic Carboxylic Ester Rearrangements

Introduction

Synthesis of Bioactive Natural Products by Rearrangement of Propargylic Esters via 1,2-Acyl Migration

Synthesis of Bioactive Natural Products by Rearrangement of Propargylic Esters via 1,3-Acyl Migration: [3,3]-Sigmatropic Rearrangement of Propargylic Esters

Conclusions

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 4. Catalytic Asymmetric Strategies for the Synthesis of 3,3-Disubstituted Oxindoles

Introduction

Strategies Based on Cyclization Reactions for the Construction of the Lactam Ring

Asymmetric Rearrangements of O-Carbonylated Oxindoles and Related Processes

3-Substituted Oxindoles as Nucleophiles: Alkylation, Conjugate Addition, Aldol, and Mannich Reactions

Addition of Carbon Nucleophiles to Isatins or to Isatin Imines

Asymmetric Michael Additions to Isatin-Derived Electron-Deficient Alkenes and Related Processes

Amination, Hydroxylation, and Halogenation Reactions of 3-Substituted Oxindoles

Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions of Functionalized 3-Substituted Oxindoles

Concluding Remarks

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 5. Abyssomicins: Isolation, Properties, and Synthesis

Abbreviations

Introduction

Secondary Metabolites from Actinomycetes

Isolation, Structure, Biosynthesis, and Biological Properties of Abyssomicins

Synthesis of Abyssomicins

Synthetic Studies

Conclusion

References

Chapter 6. Progress in the Syntheses of Dibenzocyclooctadiene Lignans

Abbreviations

Introduction

Structural Characteristics and Classifications of Dibenzocyclooctadiene Lignans

Dibenzocyclooctadiene Lignan Syntheses

Conclusion

Acknowledgment

References

Chapter 7. Lessons from the Sea: Distribution, SAR, and Molecular Mechanisms of Anti-inflammatory Drugs from Marine Organisms

Abbreviations

Introduction

Physiopathology of Inflammation

Molecular Targets in Inflammation

Anti-inflammatory Marine Drugs

Concluding Remarks

Acknowledgment

References

Chapter 8. Marine Resource: A Promising Future for Anticancer Drugs

Introduction

Marine Macroorganisms

Marine Microorganism

Symbionts

Conclusion

References

Chapter 9. 14β-Hydroxypregnanes from Succulent Plants Belonging to Hoodia gordonii and Caralluma Genus: Extraction, Biological Activities, and Synthesis

Introduction

Isolation of 14β-Hydroxypregnane Glycosides from Caralluma Species

Isolation of 14β-Hydroxypregnane Glycosides from H. gordonii

Biological Activities

Synthetic Approaches to the Aglycones of 14β-Hydroxypregnane Glycosides

Synthesis of Hoodigogenin A and P57

Conclusion

References

Chapter 10. Chemico-Biological Aspects of Plant Lectins with a Preference to Legume Lectins

Abbreviations

Introduction

Classification of Plant Lectins

Isolation of Plant Lectins

Legume Lectins

Structure–Activity Relationship in Legume Lectins

Synthetic Glycoconjugates and Interactions with Lectins

Legere to Lectinomics

References

Chapter 11. Lycopene: A Review of Chemical and Biological Activity Related to Beneficial Health Effects

Abbreviations

Introduction

Lycopene: Chemistry, Metabolism, and Bioavailability

Sources of Lycopene

Lycopene Mechanisms of Action

Beneficial Health Effects of Lycopene

Lycopene Analysis

Conclusions and Future Prospects

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 12. Oleuropeic and Menthiafolic Acid Glucose Esters from Plants: Shared Structural Relationships and Biological Activities

Abbreviations

Introduction

Oleuropeyl and Menthiafoloyl Glucose Esters

Biological Activities

Functional Roles in Plants

Biosynthesis

Concluding Remarks

Acknowledgement

References

Chapter 13. Pharmacological Effects of Cordyceps and Its Bioactive Compounds

Introduction

Pharmacological Studies

Active Components

Quality Control

Conclusions

Acknowledgment

References

Chapter 14. Silymarin Flavonolignans: Structure–Activity Relationship and Biosynthesis

Abbreviations

Introduction

Chemistry and Composition of Milk Thistle Extract

Stereochemistry of Flavonolignans

Biosynthesis of Silymarin Flavonolignans

Regulation of Flavonolignan Metabolic Pathway

Biological Effects of Silymarin Flavonolignans

Structure–Activity Relationship

Conclusion

References

Chapter 15. Natural Antioxidants in Cosmetics

Abbreviations

Introduction

Free Radicals and Reactive Oxygen Species

Skin Defense Mechanism

Natural Antioxidants

Application of Antioxidants in Cosmetics

Antioxidant Capacity; Methods of Determination and Quality Control

Concluding Remarks

Acknowledgments

References

Index