Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy

Techniques and Applications

1st Edition - December 4, 2021
Editors: Ji-Xin Cheng, Wei Min, Yasuyuki Ozeki, Dario Polli
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 5 1 5 8 - 9
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 0 3 3 7 - 0

Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy: Techniques and Applications describes innovations in instrumentation, data science, chemical probe development, and various applic… Read more

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Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy: Techniques and Applications describes innovations in instrumentation, data science, chemical probe development, and various applications enabled by a state-of-the-art stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscope. Beginning by introducing the history of SRS, this book is composed of seven parts in depth including instrumentation strategies that have pushed the physical limits of SRS microscopy, vibrational probes (which increased the SRS imaging functionality), data science methods, and recent efforts in miniaturization.

This rapidly growing field needs a comprehensive resource that brings together the current knowledge on the topic, and this book does just that. Researchers who need to know the requirements for all aspects of the instrumentation as well as the requirements of different imaging applications (such as different types of biological tissue) will benefit enormously from the examples of successful demonstrations of SRS imaging in the book.

Led by Editor-in-Chief Ji-Xin Cheng, a pioneer in coherent Raman scattering microscopy, the editorial team has brought together various experts on each aspect of SRS imaging from around the world to provide an authoritative guide to this increasingly important imaging technique. This book is a comprehensive reference for researchers, faculty, postdoctoral researchers, and engineers.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
Foreword
References
Part 1: Theory
Chapter 1: Coherent Raman scattering processes
Abstract
1.1: Introduction
1.2: Molecular resonances
1.3: Molecular vibrational resonances
1.4: The CARS process
1.5: The SRS process
1.6: Conclusion
References
Chapter 2: Sensitivity and noise in SRS microscopy
Abstract
2.1: Introduction
2.2: Definitions and laser intensity noise model
2.3: Low-noise SRS detection through lock-in amplification
2.4: Shot-noise-limited SNR in SRS, CARS, and spontaneous Raman scattering: A comparison
2.5: Conclusion
Appendix
References
Chapter 3: Stimulated Raman scattering: Ensembles to single molecules
Abstract
3.1: The birth and evolution of stimulated Raman scattering
3.2: Probing molecules with SRS spectroscopy
3.3: Probing smaller samples: The transition to microscopy
3.4: From ensembles to single molecules
References
Further readings
Part 2: Advanced Instrumentation and emerging modalities
Chapter 4: Hyperspectral SRS imaging via spectral focusing
Abstract
4.1: Introduction
4.2: Principles of spectral focusing SRS
4.3: Implementation of spectral focusing SRS
4.4: Improving the speed of spectral focusing SRS
4.5: Improving the spectral resolution and spectral coverage of spectral focusing SRS
4.6: Variations of spectral focusing SRS
4.7: Summary and outlook
References
Chapter 5: Balanced detection SRS microscopy
Abstract
5.1: Introduction
5.2: Balanced detection
5.3: Modulation transfer and lock-in amplification
5.4: Beyond balanced detection
5.5: Auto-balanced detection (ABD)
5.6: In-line balanced detection (IBD)
5.7: Dual-color spectral-focusing IBD
5.8: Collinear balanced detection
5.9: Summary
References
Chapter 6: Multiplex stimulated Raman scattering microscopy via a tuned amplifier
Abstract
6.1: Introduction
6.2: Resonant circuit
6.3: Tuned amplifier
6.4: Spectral multiplexing
6.5: Spatial multiplexing
6.6: Conclusions and outlook
References
Chapter 7: Impulsive SRS microscopy
Abstract
7.1: Introduction
7.2: Requirements for impulsive excitation and detection
7.3: Schemes
7.4: Implementations of impulsive Raman microscopy
7.5: Resonant effects
7.6: Impulsive multidimensional spectroscopy
7.7: Conclusion
References
Chapter 8: Multicolor SRS imaging with wavelength-tunable/switchable lasers
Abstract
8.1: Introduction
8.2: Multicolor SRS imaging with a high-speed wavelength-tunable laser
8.3: Multicolor SRS imaging with a wavelength-switchable laser
8.4: Discussions
8.5: Summary
References
Chapter 9: Pulse-shaping-based SRS spectral imaging and applications
Abstract
9.1: Introduction
9.2: Principle of pulse shaping
9.3: Methods of SRS spectral imaging based on pulse shaping
9.4: Applications of pulse-shaping-based SRS imaging
9.5: Summary and outlook
References
Chapter 10: Background-free stimulated Raman scattering imaging by manipulating photons in the spectral domain
Abstract
Acknowledgments
10.1: Introduction
10.2: Principle
10.3: Removing the non-Raman background in SRS imaging
10.4: Enabling applications by background-free SRS imaging
10.5: Conclusions
References
Chapter 11: Coherent Raman scattering microscopy for superresolution vibrational imaging: Principles, techniques, and implementations
Abstract
11.1: Introduction
11.2: SSRS microscopy [9, 10]
11.3: HO-CARS microscopy [8]
11.4: Discussion and outlook
11.5: Conclusions
References
Chapter 12: Quantum-enhanced stimulated Raman scattering
Abstract
12.1: Introduction
12.2: The process of SRS
12.3: Advancing SRS beyond the shot-noise limit
12.4: Noise sources in SRS spectroscopy
12.5: Experimental test of quantum-enhanced SRS
12.6: Conclusion
References
Chapter 13: Stimulated Raman excited fluorescence (SREF) microscopy: Combining the best of two worlds
Abstract
Acknowledgment
13.1: Introduction
13.2: Pioneering work of double-resonance fluorescence spectroscopy
13.3: Realization of stimulated Raman excited fluorescence in 2019
13.4: Main physical considerations
13.5: Remaining technical challenges
13.6: Outlook
References
Chapter 14: Instrumentation and methodology for volumetric stimulated Raman scattering imaging
Abstract
Acknowledgments
14.1: Introduction
14.2: Volumetric stimulated Raman scattering imaging by projection tomography
14.3: Volumetric stimulated Raman scattering imaging by tissue clearing
14.4: Volumetric stimulated Raman scattering imaging by remote focusing
14.5: Outlook
References
Chapter 15: SRS flow and image cytometry
Abstract
Acknowledgment
15.1: Introduction
15.2: Raman flow cytometry and cell sorting
15.3: Coherent Raman scattering flow cytometry
15.4: Stimulated Raman imaging cytometry and cell sorting
15.5: Outlook
References
Chapter 16: Widely and rapidly tunable fiber laser for high-speed multicolor SRS
Abstract
16.1: The demand for widely and rapidly tunable fiber-based lasers in coherent Raman imaging
16.2: Different concepts for tunable fiber-based lasers in SRS
16.3: Concept for widely and rapidly tunable fiber-based four-wave mixing
16.4: Rapidly and widely tunable fiber optical parametric oscillator
16.5: Applicability to coherent anti-stokes Raman scattering
16.6: Applicability to stimulated Raman scattering
16.7: Conclusions on widely and rapidly tunable fiber-based lasers in coherent Raman imaging
References
Chapter 17: Compact fiber lasers for stimulated Raman scattering microscopy
Abstract
17.1: Introduction
17.2: High-power picosecond fiber source for coherent Raman microscopy
17.3: All-fiber laser source providing two synchronized ps, narrowband pulse trains for SRS microscopy
17.4: Widely tunable all-fiber laser source based on four-wave mixing
17.5: All-fiber laser source for coherent Raman microscopy based on spectral focusing
17.6: Summary
References
Chapter 18: Synchronized time-lens source for coherent Raman scattering microscopy
Abstract
18.1: Introduction
18.2: Basic principles of the time-lens source
18.3: Experimental realization of the time-lens source
18.4: Basic principles of the synchronized time-lens source
18.5: Experimental realization of the synchronized time-lens source and its performance
18.6: Applications to CRS microscopy and various implementations of the synchronized time-lens source
18.7: Conclusion and perspective
References
Part 3: Vibrational probes
Chapter 19: Spontaneous Raman and SERS microscopy for Raman tag imaging
Abstract
19.1: Introduction
19.2: Spontaneous Raman and SERS microscopy
19.3: Introduction of Raman-tag imaging
19.4: Raman-tag cellular analysis by spontaneous Raman microscopy
19.5: Raman-tag sensor for spontaneous Raman microscopy
19.6: Raman-tag cellular analysis by SERS
19.7: Conclusions
References
Chapter 20: Stimulated Raman scattering imaging with small vibrational probes
Abstract
20.1: Introduction
20.2: Principle
20.3: Applications
20.4: Outlook
References
Chapter 21: Supermultiplexed vibrational imaging: From probe development to biomedical applications
Abstract
21.1: Introduction
21.2: Vibrational probe development
21.3: Biomedical applications
21.4: Outlook
References
Further reading
Chapter 22: Raman beads for bio-imaging
Abstract
22.1: Introduction
22.2: Principle
22.3: Methods
22.4: Results
22.5: Outlook
References
Chapter 23: Plasmon-enhanced stimulated Raman scattering microscopy
Abstract
23.1: Introduction
23.2: Principle of plasmon-enhanced stimulated Raman scattering
23.3: Experimental system for PESRS measurements
23.4: Line shapes of PESRS spectra
23.5: From ensembles to single molecules
23.6: PESRS versus PECARS
23.7: Outlook
References
Part 4: Data science
Chapter 24: Converting hyperspectral SRS into chemical maps
Abstract
24.1: Introduction
24.2: Unsupervised methods
24.3: Supervised methods
24.4: Conclusions and outlook
References
Chapter 25: Compressive Raman microspectroscopy
Abstract
25.1: Introduction to the compressive microspectroscopy framework
25.2: Compressive SRS microspectroscopy
25.3: Beyond SRS: Compressive microspectroscopy in spontaneous Raman and CARS
25.4: Conclusions and perspectives
References
Chapter 26: Denoise SRS images
Abstract
26.1: Introduction
26.2: Denoise spectroscopic images by PCA
26.3: Denoise by spectral total variation
26.4: Denoise by the deep learning algorithm
26.5: Outlook
References
Part 5: Applications to life science and materials science
Chapter 27: Use of SRS microscopy for imaging drugs
Abstract
27.1: Introduction
27.2: Cancer therapeutics
27.3: Dermatological drugs
27.4: Drug formulations and delivery systems
27.5: Conclusions
References
Chapter 28: Isotope-probed SRS (ip-SRS) imaging of metabolic dynamics in living organisms
Abstract
28.1: Introduction
28.2: DO-SRS imaging of metabolic dynamics in living organisms
28.3: Spectral tracing of deuterium (STRIDE) for SRS imaging of glucose metabolism in mice
28.4: Volumetric clearing-enhanced SRS imaging
28.5: SRS imaging of protein metabolism in mice via intracarotid injection of D-AA
28.6: Summary
References
Chapter 29: Rapid determination of antimicrobial susceptibility by SRS single-cell metabolic imaging
Abstract
29.1: Introduction
29.2: Rapid AST in bacteria by SRS imaging of glucose-d7 incorporation
29.3: Rapid AST in bacteria by SRS imaging of D2O incorporation
29.4: Rapid AST in fungi by SRS imaging of de novo lipogenesis
29.5: Conclusion and outlook
References
Chapter 30: Stimulated Raman scattering imaging of cancer metabolism: New avenue to precision medicine
Abstract
30.1: Introduction
30.2: Deciphering cancer metabolism by SRS microscopy
30.3: Deciphering drug metabolism in cancer by SRS microscopy
30.4: SRS microscopy opens new avenue to precision diagnosis of cancer
30.5: SRS microscopy opens new avenue to precision treatment of cancer
30.6: Concluding remarks and future perspectives
References
Chapter 31: Biomedical applications of SRS microscopy in functional genetics and genomics
Abstract
31.1: Introduction
31.2: Principle
31.3: Methods and results
31.4: Outlook
References
Chapter 32: Stimulated Raman voltage imaging for quantitative mapping of membrane potential
Abstract
Acknowledgments
32.1: Introduction
32.2: Principle
32.3: Methods
32.4: Applications
32.5: Outlook
References
Chapter 33: Neurodegenerative disease by SRS microscopy
Abstract
33.1: ALS disease
33.2: Alzheimer’s disease
33.3: Conclusions
References
Chapter 34: Applications of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy in materials science
Abstract
34.1: Introduction
34.2: Application of the SRS microscopy in materials science
34.3: Perspectives
References
Chapter 35: Resolving molecular orientation by polarization-sensitive stimulated Raman scattering microscopy
Abstract
35.1: Introduction
35.2: Principle of polarization-sensitive SRS microscopy
35.3: A polarization-sensitive hyperspectral SRS microscope
35.4: Recent applications of polarization-sensitive SRS microscopy
35.5: AmB orientation in single fungal cell membrane resolved by polarization-sensitive SRS microscopy
35.6: Conclusion
References
Part 6: Miniaturization and translation to medicine
Chapter 36: Stimulated Raman histology
Abstract
36.1: Introduction: Gold standard of cancer diagnosis—Histology
36.2: Principle: How can SRS microscopy be used to supplement/improve histology
36.3: Methods
36.4: Results: Comparison of standard and SRS histology
36.5: Outlook
36.6: Future directions
References
Chapter 37: Miniaturized handheld stimulated Raman scattering microscope
Abstract
37.1: Introduction
37.2: Challenges in miniaturization of SRS microscope
37.3: A state-of-the-art handheld SRS microscope and its performance
37.4: Applications of handheld SRS microscope
37.5: Outlook
References
Chapter 38: Intraoperative multimodal imaging
Abstract
38.1: Introduction
38.2: Optical imaging
38.3: Summary
References
Index

Ji-Xin Cheng

Dr. Ji-Xin Cheng attended University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) from 1989 to 1994. He carried out his PhD study on bond-selective chemistry at USTC. As a graduate student, he worked as a research assistant at Universite Paris-sud on vibrational spectroscopy and the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) on quantum dynamics theory. After postdoctoral training on ultrafast spectroscopy at HKUST, he joined Sunney Xie’s group at Harvard University as a postdoc and worked on the development of CARS microscopy. Cheng joined Purdue University as Assistant Professor in 2003, promoted to Associate Professor in 2009 and Full Professor in 2013. He joined Boston University as the Inaugural Theodore Moustakas Chair Professor in Photonics and Optoelectronics in 2017. For his pioneering contributions to the chemical imaging field, Cheng received the 2020 Pittsburg Spectroscopy Award, the 2019 Ellis R. Lippincott Award, and the 2015 Craver Award.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor, Boston University, Boston, USA

Wei Min

Dr. Wei Min graduated from Peking University in 2003. He received his Ph.D. from Harvard University in 2008 studying single-molecule biophysics with Prof. Sunney Xie. After continuing his postdoctoral work in the Xie group, Dr. Min joined the faculty at Columbia University in 2010 and was promoted to Full Professor there in 2017. Dr. Min’s current research interests focus on developing novel optical spectroscopy and microscopy technology to address biomedical problems. His group has made important contributions to the development of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy and its broad application in biomedical imaging. Dr. Min’s contribution has been recognized by a number of honors, including Scientific Achievement Award from Royal Microscopical Society (2021), Pittsburgh Conference Achievement Award (2019), Coblentz Award of Molecular Spectroscopy (2017), ACS Early Career Award in Experimental Physical Chemistry (2017), and NIH Director’s New Innovator Award (2012).

Affiliations and expertise

Department of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, USA

Yasuyuki Ozeki

Dr. Yasuyuki Ozeki received B.S., M.S. and Dr. Eng. Degrees in Electronic Engineering from the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, in 1999, 2001, and 2004, respectively. In 2004, he joined Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd., as a postdoctoral researcher of Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST). In 2006, he joined Department of Material and Life Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan, as an assistant professor. From 2009 to 2013, he was also PRESTO researcher of JST. In 2013, he was appointed as an Associate Professor of Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, and was promoted to a Full Professor in 2021. His work covers millimeter-wave photonics, nonlinear fiber optics, ultrafast lasers, and their application to microprocessing and biomedical microscopy. His current research focuses on biomedical imaging by stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy, and its related technologies including highly functional ultrafast laser sources, detection electronics, image processing, etc.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Japan

Dario Polli

Dario Polli is Associate Professor of Physics at Politecnico di Milano (Italy) since 2014, where he is heading a research group of more than 10 people including post-docs, Ph.D. and diploma students. He is affiliated with the Center for Nano Science and Technology of the Italian Institute of Technology in Milan, Italy. His main research focus is on coherent Raman spectroscopy and microscopy, ultrafast and non-linear optics, Fourier-transform spectroscopy and time-resolved pump-probe spectroscopy and microscopy. He is the recipient of many research grants, including an ERC Consolidator grant on the development of high-speed broadband coherent Raman microscopy for fast and reliable tumour identification. He also devotes to technology transfer: he filed several patents and has founded two start-up companies in the field of photonics. Finally, he is passionate about Science divulgation to the public.

Affiliations and expertise

Associate Professor, Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano, Italy

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Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy

Techniques and Applications

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Ji-Xin Cheng

Wei Min

Yasuyuki Ozeki

Dario Polli