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Stem Cells
An Alternative Therapy for COVID-19 and Cytokine Storm
- 1st Edition - November 28, 2023
- Editors: Yogesh Kumar Verma, Neeraj Kumar Satija, Pawan Kumar Raghav, Nishant Tyagi, Subodh Kumar
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 5 5 4 5 - 4
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 5 5 4 6 - 1
Stem Cells: An Alternative Therapy for COVID-19 and Cytokine Storm provides mechanistic insights into the role of stem cells to combat COVID-19 outbreak and other pathol… Read more
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Request a sales quoteStem Cells: An Alternative Therapy for COVID-19 and Cytokine Storm provides mechanistic insights into the role of stem cells to combat COVID-19 outbreak and other pathologies where cytokines storm is the cause of concern for e.g., radiation exposure, multiple organ failure and sepsis. There has been an increase in number of cases of new diseases in the last decade, including mucormycosis, Zika virus, H1N1 influenza virus, among others. These diseases can be characterized by the induction of cytokine storm, which is mainly responsible for morbidity and mortality.
Stem cell therapy has emerged as a potential treatment for viral diseases, including, but not limited to, COVID-19. Interestingly, clinical trials in patients with COVID-19 complications depicted faster recovery in patients post mesenchymal stem cells therapy owing to the decreased cytokines levels, anti-viral effects and regeneration of the infected tissue.
Stem cell therapy has emerged as a potential treatment for viral diseases, including, but not limited to, COVID-19. Interestingly, clinical trials in patients with COVID-19 complications depicted faster recovery in patients post mesenchymal stem cells therapy owing to the decreased cytokines levels, anti-viral effects and regeneration of the infected tissue.
- Evaluates the role of MSCs to combat cytokine storm, the challenges regarding COVID-19 therapy and how they can be countered using stem cells, and the risk of opportunistic infections post COVID-19
- Presents how stem cell therapy has emerged as a potential treatment for viral diseases, including, but not limited to, COVID-19
- Provides a detailed understanding of the novel coronavirus, with an emphasis on therapeutic aspects
Researchers, practitioners, and industry partners in Regenerative Medicine and/or Stem Cells, Students and Instructors in Regenerative Medicine/Stem Cell courses
- Cover image
- Title page
- Table of Contents
- Copyright
- Dedication
- List of contributors
- Preface
- Introduction
- Part 1: Outbreak of novel disease
- Chapter 1. Targets of SARS-CoV-2: therapeutic implications for COVID-19
- Abstract
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 Human targets and pathogenicity of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2
- 1.3 Treatment of COVID-19
- 1.4 Conclusion and future perspectives
- References
- Part 2: COVID-19 Biology
- Chapter 2. COVID-19 biology: cytokine storms and their implications
- Abstract
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Cytokines and cytokine storm
- 2.3 COVID-19 disease and immunopathogenesis
- 2.4 Cytokine storms in COVID-19
- 2.5 Conclusion
- References
- Part 3: SARS-CoV-2 associated complications
- Chapter 3. Comparative clinical investigation of blood profiling in COVID-19 patients
- Abstract
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Comparative analysis of different physiological parameters in SARS-CoV-2 infection
- 3.3 Future perspectives
- Acknowledgments
- Compliance with ethical standards
- Research involving human participants and animals
- Informed consent
- Ethical approval
- Funding source
- Conflict of interest
- Author contributions
- References
- Chapter 4. SARS-CoV-2-associated complications
- Abstract
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Effect on different body systems
- References
- Part 4: Current therapeutics available against SARS-CoV-2
- Chapter 5. COVID-19 diagnostic approaches and modern mesenchymal stem cell-based treatment
- Abstract
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Diagnostic methods for COVID-19
- 5.3 Role of mesenchymal stem cells in COVID-19 treatment
- 5.4 Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- Conflict of interest
- Authors’ contributions
- Abbreviations
- References
- Chapter 6. Modulation of pentose phosphate pathway augments the efficacy of 2-deoxy-D-glucose in COVID-19 management
- Abstract
- Graphical abstract
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.2 Studies on 2-deoxy-D-glucose as an adjuvant to cancer therapy and viral-induced diseases
- 6.3 Pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 infection and probable mechanism of anti-COVID action of 2-deoxy-D-glucose
- 6.4 Safety of 2-deoxy-D-glucose drug
- 6.5 The importance of 6-aminonicotinamide in the inhibition of the pentose phosphate pathway
- 6.6 Studies on 6-aminonicotinamide and 2-deoxy-D-glucose combination
- 6.7 Probable mechanism of action of combination of 2-deoxy-D-glucose and 6-aminonicotinamide
- 6.8 Conclusion
- Acknowledgment
- Conflict of interest
- References
- Chapter 7. Therapeutic landscape of SARS-CoV-2
- Abstract
- 7.1 Introduction
- 7.2 Phylogeny
- 7.3 Genome Organization
- 7.4 Immunotherapy
- 7.5 Therapeutic targets
- 7.6 Nutraceuticals
- 7.7 Vaccines
- 7.8 Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 8. Pharmacotherapeutics for cytokine storm in COVID-19
- Abstract
- 8.1 Introduction
- 8.2 The immunopathology of COVID-19
- 8.3 Pathogen-induced cytokine storm
- 8.4 Autoimmune cytokine storm
- 8.5 Cytokine storm in COVID-19
- 8.6 Cytokine storm outcome of COVID-19
- 8.7 Immunosenescence and cytokine storm in COVID-19
- 8.8 Significance of cytokine storm
- 8.9 Cytokine signaling mechanisms
- 8.10 Cytokine-based interventions in COVID-19
- 8.11 Pharmacotherapeutics for COVID-19
- 8.12 Inadvertent immunomodulators
- 8.13 Macrolide antibiotics
- 8.14 Mesenchymal stem cells
- 8.15 Immunoglobulin therapy
- 8.16 Convalescent plasma therapy
- 8.17 Blood purification
- 8.18 Other antiinflammatory or immunosuppressive agents
- 8.19 Miscellaneous therapy
- 8.20 Cases of cytokine storm after COVID-19 vaccination
- 8.21 Future prospects
- 8.22 Summary and conclusion
- References
- Chapter 9. Clinical investigation of COVID-19 prevention and treatment
- Abstract
- 9.1 Introduction
- 9.2 Features and transmission of COVID-19
- 9.3 Prevention against SARS-CoV-2
- 9.4 Treatment line against SARS-CoV-2
- 9.5 Prognostic impact among COVID-19 patients with more than one comorbidity
- 9.6 Application of cancer drugs in COVID-19-infected patients
- 9.7 Impact on physical and mental health
- 9.8 Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 10. Potential therapeutic landscape of COVID-19: molecular targets, repurposed drugs, and nano- and cell-based intervention
- Abstract
- 10.1 Introduction
- 10.2 Approaches to develop therapeutics for SARS-CoV-2
- 10.3 Potential drug targets for the development of therapeutics
- 10.4 Plasma and corticosteroids as therapeutics against COVID-19
- 10.5 Material-based intervention to combat the current pandemic
- 10.6 Ongoing clinical trials
- 10.7 Conclusion and future direction
- Acknowledgment
- Declaration of interest
- References
- Chapter 11. Medical care for SARS-CoV-2
- Abstract
- 11.1 Introduction
- 11.2 Clinical presentation
- 11.3 Antivirals
- 11.4 Lopinavir/Ritonavir
- 11.5 Hydroxychloroquine
- 11.6 Ivermectin
- 11.7 Immunomodulators
- 11.8 Dexamethasone
- 11.9 Tocilizumab
- 11.10 Vaccines
- 11.11 Stem cell therapy
- 11.12 Convalescent plasma
- 11.13 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), USA, guidelines on COVID-19 therapy
- 11.14 Summary
- References
- Further Reading
- Part 5: Opportunistic infections and complications post-COVID-19
- Chapter 12. Therapeutic approaches for opportunistic infection post-COVID-19 pandemic
- Abstract
- 12.1 Introduction
- 12.2 High-risk factor
- 12.3 Mucormycosis in organ and hematopietic stem cell transplant recipients
- 12.4 Diagnosis for mucormycosis
- 12.5 Precautions in mucormycosis
- 12.6 Treatment
- 12.7 Case study of mucormycosis post-COVID-19
- 12.8 Mesenchymal stem cells as an option for treatment
- 12.9 Conclusion
- Authors' contributions
- Compliance with ethical standards
- Research involving human participants and/or animals
- Informed consent
- Funding
- References
- Part 6: Cytokines Storms and Their Implications
- Chapter 13. Focusing on the cytokine storm in the battle against COVID-19: the rising role of mesenchymal-derived stem cells
- Abstract
- 13.1 Introduction
- 13.2 Cytokine storm and patients infected with COVID-19
- 13.3 Immunological techniques employed in treating the cytokine storm
- 13.4 Mesenchymal stem cell exosomes have an immunomodulatory effect
- 13.5 Adaptive immunity and COVID-19
- 13.6 Clinical trials utilizing mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of COVID-19
- 13.7 Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 14. Cytokine storm in COVID-19 and other diseases: emerging therapeutic interventions
- Abstract
- 14.1 Introduction
- 14.2 Cytokines
- 14.3 Coronavirus disease-19
- 14.4 Molecular interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with ACE2 receptor
- 14.5 Immunopathology of COVID-19
- 14.6 Mechanisms underlying cytokine storm
- 14.7 Key players involved in the induction of cytokine storm
- 14.8 Clinical manifestation of COVID-19 associated with cytokine storm
- 14.9 Other diseases associated with cytokine storm
- 14.10 Therapeutic interventions for cytokine storm
- 14.11 Conclusions
- Acknowledgments
- Abbreviations
- References
- Chapter 15. Stem cells as therapeutics and their implications in cytokine storm in COVID-19
- Abstract
- 15.1 Introduction
- 15.2 Multiple sources of mesenchymal stem cells
- 15.3 Mode of action
- 15.4 Modulation of the immune procedure
- 15.5 Mesenchymal stem cells as treatment access for COVID-19
- 15.6 Cytokine storm and mesenchymal stem cell-based intervention to cure the disease
- 15.7 Antiviral effects of stem cells
- 15.8 Human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptides secreted by mesenchymal stem cells
- 15.9 Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells as cellular weapons in the inflammatory process
- 15.10 Stem cells as cell-based vaccine candidates
- 15.11 Challenges for stem cell-based therapy for COVID-19
- 15.12 Conclusion
- Acknowledgment
- Declaration of interest
- References
- Part 7: Computational approaches of drug development for COVID-19 and cytokine storm
- Chapter 16. Visualizing chemical functionality and structural insights into SARS-CoV-2 proteins
- Abstract
- 16.1 Introduction
- 16.2 The series of events involved in SARS-CoV-2 multiplication
- 16.3 Antiviral targeting (emphasizing computational approaches)
- 16.4 Multiple sequence alignment for SARS-CoV-2 target identification
- 16.5 Databases
- 16.6 Physicochemical properties
- 16.7 Pharmacokinetic parameters
- 16.8 Molecular interaction and dynamics studies
- 16.9 Immunoinformatics for targeting SARS-CoV-2
- 16.10 An overview of COVID-19 vaccine development
- 16.11 Artificial intelligence/machine learning in findings of disease pathology
- 16.12 A molecular modeling approach to design antiviral peptides
- 16.13 Role of systems biology in the SARS-CoV-2
- 16.14 Limitation of computational biology in drug designing
- 16.15 Summary
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Part 8: Stem cells as therapeutics
- Chapter 17. Mesenchymal stromal cells and pleiotropic therapeutic advantages in COVID-19 management
- Abstract
- 17.1 Introduction
- 17.2 SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: General introduction, inflammatory cascade, and role of mesenchymal stem cells
- 17.3 Mesenchymal stem cell immunomodulation abilities can be therapeutically useful in COVID-19
- 17.4 Mesenchymal stem cells’ role in COVID-19 associated respiratory complications
- 17.5 Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 18. Mesenchymal stem cells—role in tuberculosis pathogenesis and persistence
- Abstract
- 18.1 Introduction
- 18.2 Stem cells
- 18.3 Role of mesenchymal stem cells in infection
- 18.4 Role of stem cells in tuberculosis pathogenesis
- 18.5 Defense mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cells
- 18.6 Protection of Mtb from the immune system and drugs within stem cells
- 18.7 Autologous mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of multidrug-resistant and extremely drug-resistant-tuberculosis
- 18.8 Application of the mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial infection
- 18.9 Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells
- 18.10 Concluding remarks
- Acknowledgments
- Abbreviations
- References
- Part 9: Immunomodulation and Migratory Potential of Stem Cells as Therapeutics
- Chapter 19. Radiosensitivity of cancer stem cells holds promise for the outcome in radiotherapy and COVID-19 infection
- Abstract
- 19.1 Introduction
- 19.2 Reactive oxygen species and their quantification
- 19.3 Reactive oxygen species signaling in cancer stem cells
- 19.4 Surface markers of cancer stem cells
- 19.5 Apoptotic sensitivity
- 19.6 Cancer stem cells radioresistance mechanisms
- 19.7 Radiosensitizers for cancer stem cell and implications to radiotherapy
- 19.8 Conclusion and future research scope
- Acknowledgment
- Abbreviations
- References
- Chapter 20. Immunomodulatory therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells in COVID-19 pathogenesis
- Abstract
- 20.1 Introduction
- 20.2 Immune response in SARS-CoV-2 infection
- 20.3 Stem cell therapies in COVID-19 pathogenesis
- 20.4 Current challenges
- 20.5 Future perspective
- References
- Part 10: Clinical Limitation of Stem Cells Therapy
- Chapter 21. Clinical limitation in stem cells therapy
- Abstract
- 21.1 Introduction
- 21.2 Types of stem cells and their usage
- 21.3 Challenges and clinical limitations in stem cell therapy
- 21.4 Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- Declarations
- Ethics approval and consent to participate
- Consent for publication
- Availability of data and materials
- Competing interest
- Funding
- Authors' contributions
- Abbreviations
- References
- Chapter 22. Clinical limitation in stem cell therapy
- Abstract
- 22.1 Introduction
- 22.2 Potential clinical adverse events of exogenous stem cells postadministration
- 22.3 Conclusion
- Acknowledgment
- Financial support
- Conflict of interest
- References
- Part 11: Stem Cell Based Research and Guidelines
- Chapter 23. Stem cell-based products and the regulatory hurdle race
- Abstract
- 23.1 Introduction
- 23.2 Stem cell tourism
- 23.3 Classification criteria for stem cells
- 23.4 Regulatory hurdles
- 23.5 European Union Regulations
- 23.6 Regulations in the United States
- 23.7 Aiming toward a global approach by Harmonization
- 23.8 Indian stand in the regulatory world
- 23.9 Conclusion
- Acknowledgment
- Conflict of interest
- Funding source
- References
- Part 12: Stem cell research and socio-scientific community
- Chapter 24. Implications of stem cell therapy on the socio-scientific community
- Abstract
- 24.1 Introduction
- 24.2 Stem cell research
- 24.3 Directions of socio-scientific reasoning
- 24.4 Conclusion
- References
- Appendix A. Conclusion and way forward
- Index
- No. of pages: 434
- Language: English
- Edition: 1
- Published: November 28, 2023
- Imprint: Academic Press
- Paperback ISBN: 9780323955454
- eBook ISBN: 9780323955461
YV
Yogesh Kumar Verma
Dr. Yogesh Kumar Verma, MNABS, is working as Scientist ‘E’ in INMAS, DRDO, Delhi, India. He completed his M.Sc. and Ph.D. in Biomedical Science from Delhi University, India. He also has another M.Sc. degree in Bioinformatics from Punjab Technical University, India. In year 2009, he joined INMAS, DRDO, Delhi, India, as Scientist ‘C’. He is presently working in the area of stem cell research, microencapsulation, regenerative medicine, tissue engineering and omics data mining and analysis for repairing/ regenerating various types of tissues for Defence application. He has been awarded with many fellowships, project grants, and has published many articles including manuscripts, patents, book chapters etc.
Affiliations and expertise
Scientist ‘E’, Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Research Group, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, IndiaNS
Neeraj Kumar Satija
Dr. Neeraj Kumar Satija PhD is working as a Senior Scientist at CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India. He completed his B.Tech and M.Tech in Biotechnology from School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi, India. Thereafter, he undertook doctoral studies at Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India, elucidating role of Wnt signaling and its downstream target genes in mediating osteoblast differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells, and identified lithium as a priming agent for enhancing osteogenic differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells. In 2014, he joined CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India, as a Scientist. His group is working in varied disciples such as stem cell toxicology, embryonic stem cell differentiation, leukemia chemoresistance and wound healing. He has mentored a number of graduate/post-graduate students and is guiding Ph.D. scholars.
Affiliations and expertise
Senior Scientist, System Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, IndiaPR
Pawan Kumar Raghav
Dr. Pawan Kumar Raghav is currently a researcher the School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco. He is developing novel approaches for investigating immune/inflammatory mechanisms of allograft injury and discovering new biomarkers and therapeutics in solid organ and bone marrow transplantation. He is the recipient of several awards and honors, including the ICMR Travel Award to deliver an oral talk in 11th world congress & expo on cell & stem cell research in Orlando, FL; Research Excellence Award from the Institute of Scholars, best Research Award from Science Father, and was invitated to present the research proposal at BioMed X GmbH, Germany. He has published more than 40 publications, including international research articles, book chapters, books, and intellectual property rights for patents. He is also reviewer and editor of special collections for several international journals and books.
Affiliations and expertise
Researcher, University of California, San Francisco.NT
Nishant Tyagi
Nishant Tyagi MSc is an Indian-born Senior Research Fellow, presently working at Stem Cells and Gene Therapy Research Group, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences under Defence Research & Development Organisation, India. He graduated from Kirorimal College, University of Delhi, India, and completed his master’s degree from Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India, in Biotechnology. He is a recipient of several awards and fellowships like NET-JRF, IIT GATE, and DRDO fellowship. He joined the Stem Cells and Gene Therapy Research Group in 2018 and has maintained a proactive approach to the research project and input ideas along with solid knowledge and research experience in biomaterial science. He is currently working under the guidance of Dr. Yogesh Kumar Verma, Senior Scientist, INMAS, in multiple defense-funded projects and has published several publications and filed many patents.
Affiliations and expertise
Senior Research Scholar, Stem Cell & Gene Therapy Research Group, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, IndiaSK
Subodh Kumar
Subodh Kumar MSc is an Indian-born Senior Research Fellow, currently working in Stem Cells and Gene Therapy Research Group, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, DRDO, in the defence funded project. Over the past two and half years he has worked in many research projects in the AIIMS and INMAS. He has earned his B.Sc. degree from Hansraj College, Delhi University and M.Sc. degree (Medical Biotechnology) from Maharishi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, sponsored by Department of Biotechnology, Government of India (PG research fellow).
He has also qualified, GATE and CSIR JRF fellowship conducted by IITs and CSIR on behalf of Government of India respectively. He joined PhD under the supervision of senior scientist Dr. Yogesh Kumar (Sc. E), INMAS, DRDO.
Subodh Kumar has published many research papers and book chapters.
He is correctly putting his intellect for the research community through his writing and brain-storming scientific ideas.
Affiliations and expertise
Senior Research Scholar, Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Research Group, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India