Stem Cells in Development and Disease

Contributors

Preface

Chapter One: Mechanisms of Pluripotency In Vivo and In Vitro

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Phases of Lineage Restriction

3 First Lineage Specification—ICM Versus TE Cell Fate

4 Second Lineage Specification—EPI Versus PE Cell Fate

5 Maintenance of Early Cell Lineages—Relevance to Pluripotent Stem Cells

6 Growth Factor Signaling Requirements in EPI-Derived Stem Cells: In Vivo Similarities and Differences

7 Concluding Remarks

Acknowledgments

Chapter Two: Hematopoietic Stem Cell Development

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Principles of Epigenetic Regulation

3 Epigenetic Regulation of Hematopoiesis

4 Role of Epigenetic Regulators in Hematopoietic Malignancies

5 Conclusions

Acknowledgments

Chapter Three: Intestinal Stem Cells and Their Defining Niche

Abstract

1 The Mammalian Small Intestine

2 Intestinal Stem Cells

3 Characterizing Stem Cell Behavior During Homeostasis and Disease

4 Reconciling the Opposing ISC Models

5 The Stem Cell Niche

6 Studying ISCs Ex Vivo

7 Conclusion

Acknowledgments

Chapter Four: Epithelial Stem Cells in Adult Skin

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Stem Cells in the Interfollicular Epidermis

3 Stem Cells in the Pilosebaceous Unit

4 Stem Cells in the Sweat Gland

5 Components of Adult Stem Cell Niches in the Skin

6 Stem Cells in Epithelial Skin Cancers

7 Concluding Remarks

Acknowledgments

Chapter Five: The Mammary Stem Cell Hierarchy

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Identification of Adult Mouse MaSCs

3 The Isolation of Distinct Mammary Luminal Progenitor Cells

4 In Vivo Lineage Tracing in the Mammary Gland

5 Evidence for the Existence of Fetal MaSCs

6 Elucidation of a Functionally Analogous Epithelial Hierarchy in Human Breast

7 Control of MaSCs by Steroid Hormones

8 Molecular Regulators of the Mammary Epithelial Hierarchy

9 Implications of the Differentiation Hierarchy for Breast Cancer

10 Concluding Remarks

Acknowledgments

Chapter Six: Satellite Cells

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Embryonic Origin of Satellite Cells

3 Adult Satellite Cells: A Heterogeneous Population of Stem Cells and Committed Progenitors

4 Age and Disease-Related Decline in Satellite Cell Function

5 Satellite Cell Transplantation Therapy

6 Concluding Remarks

Acknowledgments

Chapter Seven: Neural Stem Cell of the Hippocampus

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Origin of Adult Hippocampal Neural Stem Cells: Embryonic Development of the DG

3 Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis: Heterogeneous Neurogenic NSCs and Niche

4 Adult DG NSC in Epilepsy, Aging, and Depression

5 Conclusions

Acknowledgments

Chapter Eight: Lung Stem and Progenitor Cells in Tissue Homeostasis and Disease

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Endogenous Lung Stem and Progenitor Cells

3 The Others: Lung Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Lung Endothelial Progenitor Cells

4 Directing Differentiation: Embryonic Stem Cells and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

5 MSCs: Potential Role of Cell-Based Therapy in Lung Disease

6 Stem Cells in Lung Cancer

7 Future Directions

Acknowledgments

Chapter Nine: Spermatogonial Stem Cell Functions in Physiological and Pathological Conditions

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Spermatogenesis and SSC Biology

3 Origin of SSC Pool

4 Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Maintenance of the SSC Pool

5 TGCT Formation

6 Concluding Remarks

Chapter Ten: The Origin, Biology, and Therapeutic Potential of Facultative Adult Hepatic Progenitor Cells

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Conditions That Activate HPC Proliferation

3 Origins and Markers for HPCs

4 The Contribution of HPCs to Liver Regeneration

5 Signaling Pathways and Niches That Regulate the Behavior of HPCs

6 Cell Therapy

7 Concluding Remarks

Acknowledgments

Chapter Eleven: Nephron Progenitor Cells

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Setting the Scene: The Developing Urinary System of the Mammal

3 The Nephrogenic Niche

4 A Subdivision Within the Nephron Progenitor Population: Evidence for More Than One State

5 Roles Played by the CM

6 Balancing Self-Renewal and Differentiation: Signals from the Stroma

7 Influences from Other Cellular Compartments

8 Transcriptional Regulation of the CM

9 Renal Hypoplasia: Time to Reassess What We Know

10 Cessation of Nephrogenesis

11 Conclusion

Acknowledgments

Chapter Twelve: Adult Stem Cell Niches

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Cellular Organization of Adult SC Niches

3 Molecular Regulators of Adult SC Niches

4 SC Niche Dysfunction in Aging and Cancer

5 Concluding Remarks

Acknowledgments

Chapter Thirteen: Cancer Stem Cells, Pluripotency, and Cellular Heterogeneity

Abstract

1 Cancer Stem Cells: An Overview

2 Control of (Cancer) Stemness by Signaling Pathways: The Embryonic/Germ Cell Connection

3 Conclusions and Future Perspective

Acknowledgments

Chapter Fourteen: Cellular Mechanisms of Somatic Stem Cell Aging

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Molecular Players of Cellular Aging

3 Extrinsic Regulation of Aged Cellular and Tissue Homeostasis

4 Aging in Tissue-Specific Stem Cells

5 Discussion and Concluding Comments

Acknowledgments

Index