Stem Cells and Signaling Pathways

1st Edition - September 28, 2023
Editors: Surajit Pathak, Antara Banerjee
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 8 8 0 0 - 8
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 8 8 0 1 - 5

Stem Cells and Signaling Pathways brings together chapters exploring the mechanism of stem cells and the signaling pathways. This book is a very concise and easy-to-use book. It… Read more

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Stem Cells and Signaling Pathways brings together chapters exploring the mechanism of stem cells and the signaling pathways. This book is a very concise and easy-to-use book. It serves as an ideal reference to guide investigators towards further valuable answers on the role of stem cells and will aid basic researchers and scientists in biomedical sciences and tissue engineering and regenerative medicine with a wide variety of interests in stem cell biology linking basic signal transduction for possible future therapies directed to treatments and different diseases.
Significant information on signaling has been presented here. Sufficient knowledge has been provided on therapeutic approaches for the treatment of different degenerative disorders.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Dedication
List of contributors
Preface
Chapter 1. Regulation of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation by key cell signaling pathways
Abstract
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Mesenchymal stem cells
1.3 Dedifferentiation versus metaplasia versus transdifferentiation
1.4 Transdifferentiation of mesenchymal stem cells
1.5 Signaling pathways involved in transdifferentiation of mesenchymal stem cells
1.6 Challenges in transdifferentiation of mesenchymal stem cells
1.7 Therapeutic implications of transdifferentiation of mesenchymal stem cells
1.8 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 2. Stem signaling molecules and pathways: implications in the regulation of fate and proliferation potential
Abstract
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Signaling pathways
2.3 Regulation of fate
2.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 3. The role of Yamanaka factors in induced pluripotent stem cells and embryonic stem cell signaling
Abstract
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Stem cells
3.3 Evolution of stem cells reprogramming to iPSCs
3.4 Role of Yamanaka factors in stem cells
3.5 Signaling pathways in stem cells
3.6 Cancer stem cells
3.7 Applications of iPSCs as therapeutics
3.8 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 4. Purinergic signaling in stem cell growth
Abstract
4.1 Overview of the purinergic signaling cascade
4.2 From purinergic ligands to cellular response
4.3 Adenosine and adenosinergic signaling in stem cells
4.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 5. Cutaneous homeostasis: a balancing cross-talk between epidermal stem cell pool and regulatory pathways
Abstract
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Cutaneous homeostasis: a balancing act
5.3 Epidermal stem cell pool
5.4 Signaling pathways—regulators of epidermal homeostasis
5.5 Epidermal stem cells in homeostatic regulation
5.6 Rejuvenated constancy: stem cell therapy for dermal wound healing
5.7 A stem cell remedial therapy for hair growth
5.8 Pivotal role of stem cells in aging
5.9 Conclusion
References
Chapter 6. Role of stem cells in cardiac bioengineering
Abstract
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Why stem cells appear promising for cardiac repair?
6.3 Stem cell therapy for subjects with ischemic heart disease and heart failure
6.4 Human embryonic stem cells
6.5 Induced pluripotent stem cells
6.6 Maturity issues associated with hPSC-CMs
6.7 Teratoma formation
6.8 Acquisition of sufficient stem cells and maintenance of continuous pool of stem cells
6.9 Low survival rate of cardiomyocytes
6.10 Various bioengineering strategies for stem cell therapeutics
6.11 Conclusion and future perspectives
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 7. Stem cell signaling molecules and pathways in liver regeneration
Abstract
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Physiology of hepatic regeneration
7.3 Signaling molecules
7.4 Signaling pathways
7.5 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 8. Role of stem cells in osteoblastic miRNA and bone tissue regeneration
Abstract
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Stem cells
8.3 Bone and bone cells
8.4 Mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblast
8.5 MiRNA
8.6 Stem cells and miRNA
8.7 miRNAs’ role in osteogenesis
8.8 Osteoblastic inhibitory and stimulatory effects of miRNAs
8.9 Cellular signaling molecule’s role in osteoblastogenisis through miRNA
8.10 Exosome-derived miRNA and bone formation
8.11 Conclusions and future directions
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 9. Stem cells and signaling pathways in human reproductive system
Abstract
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Primordial germ cells and signaling pathways
9.3 Folliculogenesis, stem cells, and signaling pathways in the ovaries
9.4 Uterine stem cells and signaling pathways
9.5 Spermatogonial stem cells and spermatogenesis
9.6 Development of embryo and embryonic stem cells
9.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 10. Hormonal impacts on stem cell lineages and related signaling pathways
Abstract
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Hormones affecting stem cells
10.3 Melatonin
10.4 Growth hormone
10.5 Calcitonin
10.6 Luteinizing hormone
10.7 Follicle stimulating hormone
10.8 Conclusion
References
Chapter 11. Unravelling the crosstalk of Hedgehog with Wnt, Notch and TGF-β signaling pathways
Abstract
11.1 Stem cell signaling pathways
11.2 Hedgehog signaling pathway
11.3 WNT signaling pathway
11.4 Notch signaling
11.5 TGF-β signaling pathway
11.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 12. Stem cell aging: role of signaling pathways and microRNAs
Abstract
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Aging of stem cells
12.3 Genes involved in aging
12.4 Regulation of growth factors in aging
12.5 Signaling pathways involved in stem cell aging
12.6 Regulation of microRNAs in aging
12.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 13. Slowdown of aging and neurodegenerative diseases by extremolytes
Abstract
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Neurodegenerative disorders
13.3 Extremophiles
13.4 Extremolytes
13.5 Effect of extremolytes on aging
13.6 Role of extremolytes in neurodegenerative disorders
13.7 Conclusion
Acknowledgement
References
Chapter 14. Stem cells and therapy: cancer stem cells and targeted therapy with DNA repair inhibitors
Abstract
14.1 Normal stem cells and cancer stem cells: similarities and differences
14.2 History and origin of cancer stem cells
14.3 The role of cancer stem cells in therapy resistance
14.4 DNA damage repair in cancer stem cells
14.5 Base excision repair and cancer stem cells molecular properties
14.6 Targeting the cancer stem cell DNA repair pathways
14.7 Conclusions
References
Chapter 15. The potential role of stem cells in multiple sclerosis therapies
Abstract
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Stem cells types
15.3 Role of stem cells in neurodegenerative disease therapies
15.4 Role of stem cells in multiple sclerosis therapies
15.5 Therapeutic mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cells in multiple sclerosis
15.6 Application of mesenchymal stem cells in multiple sclerosis
15.7 Future challenges and perspective
15.8 Conclusion
References
Chapter 16. Stem cells signaling pathways and surface receptors: implications for multiple sclerosis treatment
Abstract
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Molecular mechanisms underlying demyelination and remyelination in MS
16.3 Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSCs) and neural stem cells (NSCs)
16.4 Immunomodulatory signaling pathways of MSCs in multiple sclerosis
16.5 Haematopoietic stem cell for treatment of multiple sclerosis
References
Chapter 17. Mechanistic role of stem cells in the pathogenesis and treatment of oral diseases: current insights and future directions
Abstract
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Oral cavity stem cells
17.3 Dental pulp stem cells
17.4 Stem cells from periodontal ligament
17.5 MSCs and their immunomodulatory potential
17.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 18. Stem cell–based approach in treatment of periodontitis
Abstract
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Periodontium
18.3 Periodontal disease
18.4 Risk factors
18.5 Pathophysiology of periodontal disease
18.6 Treatment of periodontal disease
18.7 Stem cell therapy
18.8 Dental stem cells and periodontal treatment
18.9 Periodontal regeneration and challenges
18.10 Conclusion and future perspectives
References
Chapter 19. Role of probiotics in modulation of stem cell progeny in human gastrointestinal disorders
Abstract
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Stem cells in gastrointestinal tract
19.3 Gut microbiota
19.4 Probiotics
19.5 Man–microbe interaction at gastrointestinal tract and probiotics
19.6 What happens when homeostasis is dwindled? Or origin of dysbiosis
19.7 Dysbiosis and gastrointestinal disorders
19.8 Modulation by probiotics in different gastrointestinal disorders
19.9 Cell types of the IESC niche
19.10 Intestinal epithelial stem cells
19.11 Enteroendocrine cells
19.12 Stromal cells
19.13 Enteric nervous system
19.14 Interaction of gut microbiota and probiotics with IESCs
19.15 Research and development for understanding the intractions between microbiota and IESCs/IESC niche
19.16 Concluding remarks
Acknowledgment
Conflict of interest
References
Chapter 20. Implications of stem cell–associated signals in pathogenesis of lipid disorders
Abstract
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Lipid metabolism and associated processes
20.3 Stem cells and their properties
20.4 Lipid disorders and the potential role of stem cell signaling therapies in lipid disorders
20.5 Stem cells in therapeutic interventions of lipid disorders
20.6 Applying stem cells to the treatment of lipid diseases
20.7 Limitations and shortcomings of using stem cells to treat lipid diseases
20.8 Conclusion
References
Chapter 21. Stem cell’s potential role in the treatment of diabetes mellitus
Abstract
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Generation of beta-cells of islets of langerhans from human pluripotent stem cells, embryonic stem cells, and mesenchymal stem cells
21.3 Conclusion
References
Chapter 22. Mesenchymal stem cells in chronic kidney disease and therapeutic signaling pathways
Abstract
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Chronic kidney disease (CKD)
22.3 Mesenchymal stem cells sources for chronic kidney disease
22.4 Therapeutic strategies and mechanism of actions
22.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 23. Current advances and challenges in stem cell–based therapy for chronic kidney disease
Abstract
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Stem cells for cell-based therapy
23.3 Experimental therapy using pluripotent stem cells for chronic kidney disease
23.4 Adult cell–based treatment for chronic kidney disease in a research setting
23.5 Therapies with stem cell–derived bio products
23.6 Promoting stem cell clinical trials for chronic kidney disease
23.7 Conclusions and future direction
References
Chapter 24. Stem cell therapeutic approaches and signaling pathways in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis
Abstract
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Origin of stem cells
24.3 Rheumatoid arthritis
24.4 Osteoarthritis
24.5 Conclusion
References
Further reading
Chapter 25. Potential role of stem cells in the pathogenesis of endometriosis
Abstract
25.1 Introduction
25.2 Theories and origin of endometriosis
25.3 Pathogenesis of endometriosis
25.4 A role for stem cells in endometriosis
25.5 Endometrium and endometriosis stem cells
25.6 Pathogenesis of endometriotic stem cells
25.7 Genetics and epigenetics of endometriosis
25.8 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 26. Potential role of traditional medicine in stem cell research
Abstract
26.1 Introduction to traditional medicine
26.2 Tissue repair, rejuvenation, and regeneration: ayurveda and TCM perspectives
26.3 Traditional medicine in stem cell research
26.4 Conclusion
References
Index

Surajit Pathak

Prof. Surajit Pathak, PhD, is currently working as a professor at Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chennai, India (from 2015 to date). He is currently serving as a principal research scientist (2022 June–Dec 2022) at Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden. He received his PhD degree from India in 2007 and completed his postdoctoral training (2007–15) from the University of Alabama, United States, the University of Padova, Italy, and the University of Linkoping, Sweden. His current research focuses on “Biomarker discoveries for early detection of colorectal cancer.” He has published more than 100 research articles in peer-reviewed international journals of repute with 2233 citations and 27 H-index. Dr. Pathak has edited Elsevier book “Stem Cells and Aging” in 2021. He is the member of various professional research bodies of India, including the Indian Association of Cancer Research and the Indian Science Congress.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai, India

Antara Banerjee

Dr. Antara Banerjee, PhD, is presently working as an associate professor at CARE, Chennai from 2016 to date. After completing her PhD in 2008 from India, Dr. Banerjee pursued her postdoctoral work at the University of Padova, Italy and Linkoping University, Sweden (2009–15). She has published over 95 peer-reviewed research articles in international and national journals with citation index-1408 and H-index 19. The Banerjee’s lab at Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute is now focused on understanding the role of mesenchymal stem cells niche in tissue regeneration and exploring signaling pathways in governing stem cell fate. She is the editor of Elsevier book “Stem Cells and Aging” in 2021. She is the member of various professional research bodies, including the Indian Association of Cancer Research and the Indian Science Congress.

Affiliations and expertise

Associate Professor, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai, India