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Stem Cells and COVID-19

1st Edition - April 21, 2022

Editors: Chandra P. Sharma, Devendra K. Agrawal, Finosh G. Thankam

Paperback ISBN:

9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 9 9 7 2 - 7

eBook ISBN:

9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 8 6 2 3 - 9

Stem Cells and COVID-19 presents up-to-date knowledge on the effect of hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection in its diagnosis, treatment and… Read more

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Stem Cells and COVID-19 presents up-to-date knowledge on the effect of hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection in its diagnosis, treatment and prevention. In addition, the book critically discusses challenges, highlighting outstanding questions and future perspectives. Written by global experts in the field for both pre-clinical and clinical practitioners, this comprehensive book delves into how stem cells have a strong potential in developing better diagnostic, treatment and preventive strategies in SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Both hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells are critical to better understand the response of immune system to coronavirus infection in both healthy and co-morbid conditions in the development of effective vaccines and immunotherapies.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
Preface
1: Introduction
References
2: Characteristics and immunobiology of COVID-19
Abstract
Introduction
Structure and etiology
Pathology of infection
Immunology and signaling mechanisms
Cytokine storm
Current treatment approaches
Translational avenues and perspectives
References
3: An insight into the molecular mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cells and their translational approaches to combat COVID-19
Abstract
Introduction and background
Pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2
Conventional and contemporary translational approaches to combat COVID-19
Stem cell therapy as a novel translation approach against the COVID-19 pandemic
Conclusion and outlook for the future
References
4: Inflammatory multisystem syndrome in COVID-19: Insights on off-target organ system in susceptible and recovering population
Abstract
Introduction
Antigen processing and immune responses in COVID-19
Cytokine storm
Inflammation in COVID-19
Respiratory system failure
Cardiovascular manifestations in COVID-19
Neurological and renal manifestation of COVID-19
GI tract manifestations
Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
5: Cytokine storm and stem cell activation in unveiling potential targets for diagnosis and therapy
Abstract
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Cytokine storms
Cytokine storms in viral respiratory infections
Cytokine storms and stem cells
Conclusion
References
6: Mesenchymal stem cells: Novel avenues in combating COVID-19
Abstract
Introduction
Alveolar cell and SARS-COVID-19
Cytokine storm
The reason behind using mesenchymal stem cells
Conclusion
References
7: Immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells—Potential therapeutic target for COVID-19
Abstract
Acknowledgments
Introduction
MSC as a cellular therapy
Hematopoietic stem cells
Translational potential of MSCs
Conclusion
References
8: COVID-19 and acute myocardial injury: Stem cell driven tissue remodeling in COVID-19 infection
Abstract
Introduction
COVID-19: Etiology, transmission, structure, and pathophysiology
COVID-19-CVD comorbidity
Stem cells in cardiac remodeling
ACE2 signaling and cardiac pathology COVID-19 infection
Stem cell activation and signaling in ACE2 upregulation
Cytokine surge and stem cell activation in MI
Sheddases’ response in cardiac stem cell differentiation (major focus to TMPRSS2, CTSL, and ADAM17)
Perspectives in COVID-19 and cardiac responses
Translational avenues and future
References
9: Stem cell-driven tissue regeneration as treatment for COVID-19
Abstract
Introduction
Management of COVID-19 by stem cells
Stem cell activation during pathology
Growth factors as a vital target
COVID-19 clinical trials
Summary and significance
References
10: Stem cell transplantation for COVID-19 management: Translational possibilities and future
Abstract
Introduction
Sources of stem cells
Use of different types of stem cells in translational research
Current COVID-19 related clinical trials using stem cells
Challenges of using stem cells and future perspective
Conclusion
References
11: Therapeutic scale stem cell-derived exosomes for COVID-19: Models—Validation, management, and strategies
Abstract
Introduction to Covid-19
Pathophysiology
Interventions
Stem cell population/product condition addressed outcome
Exosome for management
Exosome challenges
References
12: Current strategies and future perspectives in COVID-19 therapy
Abstract
Acknowledgments
Introduction
COVID-19: An overview
COVID-19 diagnosis
Current treatment strategies
Future perspectives
Conclusion
References
Index

Chandra P. Sharma

Dr. Chandra P. Sharma is former Senior Scientist G and Head, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST), Trivandrum and has been Head, Biosurface Technology Division, SCTIMST, Trivandrum from January 1980 to February 2014. He has also been Associate Head, Biomedical Technology Wing, and Associate Dean, PhD Affairs, SCTIMST Trivandrum. Presently he is Adjunct Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University. His basic activities relate understanding of blood/tissue – material interactions at the interface. In case of chitosan, an encouraging wound healing material, his group demonstrated during 1990s that its hemostatic potential is independent of classical coagulation cascade and appears to be an interaction between the cell membrane of erythrocytes and chitosan. His research interests include: biomaterials and artificial organs and nano-systems for oral delivery of insulin.

Affiliations and expertise

Adjunct Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India

Devendra K. Agrawal

Dr. Devendra K. Agrawal moved to Canada and earned PhD (Medical Sciences) in 1984 from McMaster University, Canada followed by a Postdoctoral Fellowship at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. In 1985, he was recruited as an Asst Professor at Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska where he rose to the rank of Full Professor in 1997. Dr. Agrawal also earned MBA in 2004 and MS in 2005 from Creighton University. In 2009, Dr. Agrawal founded the Center for Clinical & Translational Research at Creighton University, which later developed into an independent Department. Dr. Agrawal was the Founding Chairman of this Department. Dr. Agrawal also served as the Senior Associate Dean of Clinical & Translational Sciences at Creighton. In July 2019, he moved to California as Senior Vice President for Research and Professor of Translational Research at the Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA.

Affiliations and expertise

Senior Vice President for Research and Professor, Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA

Finosh G. Thankam

Dr. Finosh Thankam is an assistant professor and researcher in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, in the Department of Translational Research, at the Western University of Health Sciences, in Pomona, CA. His undergraduate studies were in Biochemistry, before completing his post-graduate degree in Medical Biochemistry from Mahatma Gandhi University, in India. As a research fellow he was exposed to the new world of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine and published many original articles on various aspects of cardiac tissue engineering. His current research interests include investigating the pathogenesis of various musculoskeletal disorders, and cardiovascular diseases, and applying the knowledge and principles of tissue engineering to develop artificial tissue constructs to improve the care for the sufferers.

Affiliations and expertise

Assistant Professor, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA