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Stem Cell in Medicine

1st Edition - August 31, 2023

Editors: Akon Higuchi, Yinghong Zhou, Shih-Hwa Chiou

Hardback ISBN:

9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 3 4 1 1 - 1

eBook ISBN:

9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 3 4 1 2 - 8

Stem Cells in Medicine, Volume 199 in the Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science series, provides the most topical and informative research in the field of stem… Read more

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Stem Cells in Medicine, Volume 199 in the Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science series, provides the most topical and informative research in the field of stem cells. Sections in this new release update on an Introduction to stem cells, Stem cell engineering, Xeno-free culture and proliferation of hPSCs on 2D biomaterials, 3D scaffold preparation for stem cell culture and differentiation, GMP grade production of hPSCs, Human hepatic stem cell assay, Cardiomyocyte cell sheets derived from hPSCs and muscle cells for myocardial infarction treatment, Stem cell therapy for osteoarthritis, hPSC-derived RPE transplantation for the treatment of macular degeneration, and much more.

The book provides not only fundamental aspects and cultural and production methods of stem cells, but also the critical engineering aspects of stem cells such as drug screening using hepatocytes and disease treatment by transplantation of retinal pigment epithelium and cardiomyocytes which are derived from human pluripotent stem cells.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
Preface
Fundamental of hPSCs for medical
Chapter One: Introduction to stem cells
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Fundamentals of stem cell research
3 hPSCs
4 Somatic cell reprogramming and induced pluripotent stem cells
5 Adult stem cells
6 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter Two: Engineered adult stem cells: Current clinical trials status of disease treatment
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Cell source and applications of adult MSCs and HSCs
3 Engineering techniques for adult MSCs and HSCs
4 CRISPR/Cas9 system and strategies to overcome challenges
5 Current clinical trial status of engineered MSCs, HSCs and EVs
6 Future perspectives of personalised medicine using engineered stem cells
7 Concluding remarks
References
Chapter Three: Xeno-free culture and proliferation of hPSCs on 2D biomaterials
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Pluripotency assay of hPSCs
3 Physical cues of cell culture materials direct the pluripotency and differentiation of hPSCs
4 Two-dimensional (2D) cultivation of hPSCs on ECM-coated surfaces
5 hPSC cultivation on peptide-immobilized surfaces
6 hPSC cultivation on recombinant E-cadherin matrices
7 hPSC cultivation on polysaccharide-immobilized biomaterials
8 hPSC cultivation on a synthetic polymer surface
9 Conclusion and future perspectives
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter Four: Stem cell culture and differentiation in 3-D scaffolds
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 The 3-D cultivation of hPS cells on microcarriers
3 The 3-D culture of hPS cells entrapped in hydrogels (microcapsules)
4 Differentiation of hPS cells into hepatocytes on 3-D cultivation
5 Conclusion and future perspectives
Acknowledgments
References
Clinical application
Chapter Five: Current trends and promising clinical utility of IPSC-derived MSC (iMSC)
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Generation of iMSCs from iPSC
3 General characteristics of iMSC in comparison to primary MSC
4 Properties of iMSC that may cater to large scale production of homogenous clinical grade MSCs
5 Applications of iMSC
6 Scaling up
7 Conclusion
References
Chapter Six: Drug metabolic activity as a selection factor for pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatic progenitor cells
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Materials and methods
3 Results
4 Discussion
5 Ethics approval and consent to participate
References
Chapter Seven: Cardiac cell sheet engineering for regenerative medicine and tissue modeling
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Cell sheet engineering
3 Development of human cardiac tissue for regenerative medicine
4 Tissue function evaluation technologies
5 For the improvement of human cardiac tissue function
6 Tissue models for disease research
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter Eight: Mesenchymal stem cells in osteoarthritis: The need for translation into clinical therapy
Abstract
Abbreviations
1 Properties of MSCs for regenerative medicine
2 Functional effects of mesenchymal stem cells on OA
3 MSCs therapy for human osteoarthritis
4 MSCs therapy for OA in small animal model
5 MSCs therapy for OA in large animal model
6 Mechanisms of action of mesenchymal stem cells in cartilage repair
7 MSCs derived factors in cartilage repair
8 MSCs derived extracellular vesicles in cartilage repair
9 Future, challenges and controversies
References
Chapter Nine: hPSC-derived RPE transplantation for the treatment of macular degeneration
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Differentiation methods of hPSC-derived RPE
3 Characterization of hPSC-derived RPE
4 Clinical outcomes of hPSC-derived RPE transplantation
5 Conclusion and future perspective
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter Ten: Universal and hypoimmunogenic pluripotent stem cells for clinical usage
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Preparation of universal (hypoimmunogenic) hPS cells
3 Preparation of universal hPS cells using B2MG knockout
4 Preparation of universal hPS cells by knocking down or knocking out HLA-A, -B, and/or -C
5 Preparation of HLA-homozygous cells by genome editing techniques
6 Universal hPS cell generation by knocking in several specific genes
7 Universal hPSC generation from particular MSCs with immunomodulatory potential and culturing on specific extracellular matrix
8 Universal hPS cell generation without gene modification
9 Conclusion and future perspectives
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter Eleven: Clinical usage of dental stem cells and their derived extracellular vesicles
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Stem cells of dental origin
3 Preclinical and clinical applications of DSCs
4 DSC-derived EVs and their clinical implications
5 Conclusive remarks and future perspective
References
Chapter Twelve: Vascularization of cutaneous wounds by stem cells
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Endothelial progenitor cells
3 Induced pluripotent stem cells
4 Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells
5 Conclusions
References
Chapter Thirteen: Application of IPSC and Müller glia derivatives in retinal degenerative diseases
Abstract
1 Regeneration of Müller glial cells
2 Transplanted Müller glial cells promote neuronal repair
3 Proliferation and reprogramming of Müller glial cells promoted by exogenous stem cell transplantation can be used for the experimental treatment of retinal nerve regeneration
4 Transplantation of Müller glial cell-derived neurons in an animal model of retinal degeneration
5 The application of human pluripotent stem cells and Müller glial cells in the treatment of glaucoma
6 The application of human pluripotent stem cells and Müller glial cells in the treatment of retinitis pigmentosa
References
Chapter Fourteen: Pluripotent stem cells as a therapy for type 1 diabetes
Abstract
1 Current status of T1D
2 Pancreatic islet therapy is a good alternative to subcutaneous insulin administration
3 Pluripotent stem cell derived islets are a potential alternative to pancreatic islets
4 Clinical trials with stem cell derived ß cell precursors
5 Clinical trial with stem cell derived beta cells
6 Immunoisolatory devices to prevent allograft and autoimmune rejection
7 Conclusion
References
Chapter Fifteen: Stem cell challenges and opportunities
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Materials and methods
3 Results
4 Discussion
Acknowledgments
References
Index

Akon Higuchi

Prof. Higuchi is a distinguished Professor in National Central University, a guest researcher in RIKEN (Japan) and National Research Center for Child Health and Development (Tokyo), and a visiting professor in King Saud University (Saudi Arabia) and Wenzhou Medical University (China). He received his Ph.D. in Tokyo Institute of Technology in 1985. He was a Professor in Seikei University (Tokyo) from 1993 to 2007. He received Sofue Memorial Award from Society of Fiber Science, Japan in 1994, Seikei Academic Award from Seikei Alumni Association in 2003, and Nanotechnology Outstanding Contribution Award, National Science Council, Taiwan in 2013, Future Tech Breakthrough Award in 2019, Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan. He also received Outstanding Scientific Award, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine International Society, Asia Pacific region (TERMIS-AP) in 2021. He is a fellow of Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC, England), a fellow of Taiwan Chemical Engineering Society, and a fellow of American Institute for Medical & Biological Engineering (AIMBE, USA). He is interested in the development of materials for stem cell culture and differentiation. He established purification method of hematopoietic stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells from umbilical cord blood and adipose tissue, respectively by filtration method through polymeric porous membranes. He is also developing biomaterials for stem cell culture and differentiation. He emphasized the important function of cell culture biomaterials, which guide differentiation fate of human pluripotent stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells into specific lineage of the cells. He developed ECM-derived peptide-immobilized hydrogels having adjustable elasticity for culture and differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells. He is now developing universal (hypoimmunogenic) human pluripotent stem cells on specific ECM-coated surface. He is an advisory board of Journal of Materials Chemistry B (RSC), an Editor of Open Physics, Editorial Board of Laboratory Investigation, Editorial Board of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, and Associate Editor of IET Nanobiotechnology.

Affiliations and expertise

State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Center for Emergent Matter Science, Riken, Wako, Saitama, Japan

Yinghong Zhou

Dr Yinghong Zhou is a Senior Research Fellow leading the Translational ImmunoEngineering for Regenerative Dentistry research team at the School of Dentistry, University of Queensland. Dr Zhou obtained her PhD in Biomedical Engineering from the Queensland University of Technology (QUT) in 2013. Dr Zhou seeks to understand the mechanisms for bone repair and regeneration, with a particular interest in stem cell-based therapy and biomaterial application. She has been awarded a prestigious NHMRC Early Career Fellowship (2016-2020) to investigate cell signalling cues involved in periodontal tissue regeneration, an Endeavour Research Fellowship (2017) for a collaborative project on cell transformation at Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, and a BridgeTech Program Fellowship (2021) to advance research towards commercialisation. Dr Zhou was appointed as the Coordinator of the Australia–China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (ACCTERM) in 2013, then Deputy Director in 2016 and has worked in the role since.

Affiliations and expertise

Senior Research Fellow, Translational ImmunoEngineering for Regenerative Dentistry Research Team, School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Australia

Shih-Hwa Chiou

Prof. Shih-Hwa Chiou is a physician-scientist, the Director of Department of Medical Research in Taipei Veterans General Hospital, and distinguished Chair Professor in the Institute of Pharmacology and the Institute of Clinical Medicine & Genomic Center, of National Yang-Ming University in Taiwan. He had been trained in the Department of Molecular Biochemistry of The Boston Children Hospital of Harvard Medical School and the Department of Molecular Biochemistry of The Scripps Research Institute in USA as a visiting Researcher. He won the Young Investigator Award, in the Annual Meeting of Society of Molecular Imaging (Germany) and the Achievement Award of the Society of Asia-Pacific Academy of Ophthalmology (Australia). He was invited to be a Chairman & Keynote speaker at the Cancer Stem Cell Section in 69th Annual Meeting, Japan Cancer Association (JCA) in Japan. Currently, he devotes in using iPSC-derived 3D organoid as disease models for researches in genetic-mutation diseases, drug screening, and nanomedicine-based genomic editing technology in personalized medicine.

Affiliations and expertise

Director, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan