Sperm Competition and the Evolution of Animal Mating systems

List of Contributors

Preface


1. Sperm Competition and the Evolution of Animal Mating Strategies

I. Introduction

II. The Evolution of the Two Sexes

III. Gamete Investment Versus Other Reproductive Effort

IV. The Evolution of Internal Fertilization

V. Sperm Competition and Conflicting Evolutionary Forces

VI. Female Interests (Mate Choice, Diversity of Progeny, Sperm Depletion, Paternal Investment)

VII. Resolution of Sexual Conflict: Evolutionary Dynamics of Sperm Competition Systems

VIII. Expenditure on Paternity Assurance

IX. Multiple Versus Single Ejaculation

X. Sperm Competition and Male-male Disputes

XI. Sperm Size and Number With Internal Fertilization

XII. Summary

References


2. Male Sperm Competition Avoidance Mechanisms: The Influence of Female Interests

I. Introduction

II. Costs to Females

III. The Resolution of Conflicting Male and Female Interests

IV. Natural History Patterns and Model Parameters

V. Summary

References


3. Sperm in Competition

I. Introduction

II. Intraejaculate Competition and Male/Gamete Conflict

III. Interejaculate Competition

IV. Competition Between Choosing Females and Sperm

V. Competition Among Symbiotic Genomes

VI. Discussion and Conclusions

VII. Summary

References


4. Male Mating Effort, Confidence of Paternity, and Insect Sperm Competition

I. Introduction

II. Mating Effort, Parental Effort, and the Evolution of Sexual Differences

III. Evolution of Nonpromiscuous Mating Effort and Parental Effort

IV. Can Mating Effort and Parental Effort Be Distinguished?

V. Paternal Investment and Confidence of Paternity in Insects

VI. Insect Sperm Competition Studies

VII. Paternal Investment and Sperm Precedence

VIII. Paternity-ensuring Mechanisms

IX. Discussion and Conclusions

X. Summary

References


5. Alternative Hypotheses for Traits Believed to Have Evolved by Sperm Competition

I. Introduction

II. The Dorsal Clamp of Male Panorpa

III. Other Traits Often Viewed as Evolved by Sperm Competition

IV. Methodology Used to Study Evolved Function

V. Summary

References


6. Sperm Transfer and Utilization Strategies in Arachnids: Ecological and Morphological Constraints

I. Introduction

II. Indirect Sperm Transfer Without Pair Formation (Group II)

III. Indirect Sperm Transfer With Pair Formation (Group I)

IV. Direct Sperm Transfer (Group III)

V. Summary

References


7. Evolution of Sperm Priority Patterns in Spiders

I. Introduction

II. Current Knowledge on Spider Sperm Priority

III. Phylogenetic Constraints

IV. Sperm Priority: The Female Perspective

V. Sperm Precedence: The Male Perspective

VI. Combined Perspectives

VII. Summary

References


8. Sperm Competition and the Evolution of Odonate Mating Systems

I. Introduction

II. Sexual Selection and Sperm Competition

III. Demonstrating Sperm Competition in Odonates

IV. Sperm Displacement Ability

V. Sperm Competition and Odonate Postcopulatory Behavior

VI. Odonate Mating Systems

VII. Summary

References


9. Multiple Mating and Sperm Competition in the Lepidoptera

I. Introduction

II. Reproductive Anatomy and Sperm Dynamics

III. Mating Frequency in Natural Populations

IV. Sperm Priority Patterns and Evolution of Mating Behavior

V. Summary

References


10. Sperm Transfer and Use in the Multiple Mating System of Drosophila

I. Introduction

II. Sperm Storage and Utilization

III. Repeated Mating

IV. Mechanisms of Sperm Predominance

V. Evolutionary Significance

VI. Summary

References


11. Sperm Competition, Kinship, and Sociality in the Aculeate Hymenoptera

I. Introduction

II. Hymenoptera Reproductive Biology

III. Sperm Competition in the Aculeata

IV. Social Consequences of Sperm Competition

V. Conclusion: What Is To Be Done?

VI. Summary

References


12. Sperm Competition in Poeciliid Fishes

I. Introduction

II. Biology of Poeciliid Fishes

III. Behavior of Poeciliid Fishes

IV. Multiple Insemination

V. Sperm Replacement

VI. The Role of Sperm Competition in the Evolution of Poeciliid Reproductive Traits

VII. Summary

References


13. Sperm Competition in Amphibians

I. Introduction

II. Anurans

III. Apodans

IV. Urodeles

V. Mating in Hynobiids

VI. Testing for Sperm Competition

VII. Summary

References


14. Potential for Sperm Competition in Reptiles: Behavioral and Physiological Consequences

I. Introduction

II. Prerequisites for Sperm Competition in Reptiles

III. Sperm Competition in Females and Its Evolutionary Consequences for Males

IV. Factors Influencing the Inclination to Mate More Than Once

V. Summary

References


15. Sperm Competition in Apparently Monogamous Birds

I. Introduction

II. Physiological Considerations

III. Copulatory Behavior in Birds

IV. Forced Copulation and Sperm Competition in Waterfowl

V. Extrapair Copulation in Other Monogamous Birds

VI. Extrapair Copulation in Partially Monogamous Birds

VII. Discussion

VIII. Summary

References


16. Sperm Competition in Muroid Rodents

I. Introduction

II. Reproductive Systems in Rodents

III. Sperm Competition, Order Effects, and Differential Fertilizing Capacity

IV. Implications and Extensions of Studies of Mating Order and Differential Fertilizing Capacity

V. Ejaculation Frequency and Sperm Competition

VI. Simultaneous Sperm Competition

VII. Implications for the Evolution of Mating Strategies

VIII. Conclusions and Directions for Further Research

IX. Summary

References


17. Sperm Competition? The Case of Vespertilionid and Rhinolophid Bats

I. Introduction

II. Chastity Plugs?

III. "Disco" Mating System

IV. Sperm Competition?

V. What Next?

VI. Summary

References


18. Sperm Competition, Testes Size, and Breeding Systems in Primates

I. Introduction

II. Methods

III. Results

IV. Discussion

V. Summary

References


19. Human Sperm Competition

I. Introduction

II. Human Sperm Competition in Context

III. Potential Female Benefits from Facultative Polyandry

IV. Possible Female Costs of Facultative Polyandry

V. Evidence for Human Sperm Competition

VI. Comparative Hominoid Reproductive and Social Biology

VII. Human Attributes Possibly Evolved in the Context of Sperm Competition

VIII. Sperm Competition and Human Evolution

IX. Summary

References

Index