Speech and Language

List of Contributors

Preface

The Perception of Speech in Early Infancy

I. The Speech Perception Process: Three Instructive Exercises

II. Models of the Perceptual Process

III. The Perception of Speech Sounds by Infants

IV. Comments on Issues in Infant Speech Perception

V. Beyond the Data: Understanding the Nature and Origins of Early Predispositions Toward Speech and Language

VI. Applying Basic Science Findings to Early Diagnosis of Speech and Language Disorders

VII. Directions for the Future

VIII. Summary and Conclusions

References

Acoustic-Perceptual Methods for Evaluation of Defective Speech

I. A General Background and Rationale

II. Acoustic Phonetics and the Clinic: Some Suggestions

III. Summary and Some Concluding Statements

References

Linguistic and Motor Aspects of Stuttering

I. Introduction

II. Linguistic Determinants of Stuttering

III. Motor Determinants of Stuttering

IV. Linguistic and Motor Models of Stuttering

V. Stuttering Therapy Approaches Involving Linguistic and Motor Awareness

VI. Linguistic and Motor Aspects of Stuttering: Current Status and Future Directions

References

Anatomic Studies of the Perioral Motor System: Foundations for Studies in Speech Physiology

I. A Rationale for Anatomic Investigation of the Perioral Musculature

II. Characteristics of the Perioral Muscles

III. Cadaveric Material

IV. Qualitative Descriptions: Line Tracings of Perioral Muscle Topology (Study 1)

V. Quantitative Descriptions: Direct Measures of Perioral Muscle Topology (Study 2)

VI. Empirical Validation of Electrode Placements Recommended for the Perioral Muscles (Study 3)

VII. A Set of Preliminary Specifications for Electrode Placements in the Perioral Muscles

VIII. Conclusions

Appendix A: Specimen Specifications

Appendix B: Surface Landmark Measures

Appendix C: Tabulated Results

References

Acoustic Characteristics of Normal and Pathological Voices

I. Auditory and Visual Methods

II. Acoustic Symptoms of Laryngeal Pathology

III. Acoustic Techniques for Voice Analysis

IV. Voice Profiles

V. Statistical Analysis of Normal and Pathological Data

VI. Quantitative Assessment of Voice Therapy

VII. Summary and Future Investigations

Appendix A: Linear Model of Voiced Speech Production

Appendix B: Computer Program for Acoustic Analysis

References

Synergy: Toward a Model of Language

I. Historical Approaches to the Study of Language

II. Synergy of Language: A Rationale

III. Evidence for Synergistic Relationships

IV. Discussion and Implications

References

Subject Index