1 Symmetry Operations
1-1 A Symmetry Operation
1-2 Point Symmetry Operations
1-3 The Point Groups of a Molecule
1-4 Other Symmetry Operations of Crystals
Notes
Problems
2 Symmetry Description of Crystals
2-1 Lattice
2-2 Primitive Unit Cell
2-3 The 7 Crystal Systems
2-4 The 14 Bravais Lattices
2-5 The 32 Crystallographic Point Groups
2-6 Space Groups
2-7 Definitions of Directions, Coordinates, and Planes
Appendix to Chapter 2
Notes
Problems
3 Simple Crystal Structures
3-1 Introduction
3-2 Several Cubic Symmorphic Structures
3-3 Diamond and Zinc Blende Structures
3-4 Point Group of a Space Group (S)
3-5 Examples of Defect Structures
3-6 Different Points of View of a Structure
3-7 Close Packing (and the Hexagonal Close-Packed Structure)
3-8 Volume Effects for Simple Structures
3-9 Wurtzite Structure
3-10 Site Symmetry (S)
Notes
Problems
4 X-Ray Diffraction
4-1 Electron, Neutron, and X-ray Diffraction
4-2 Bragg's Law
4-3 The Laue Formulation
4-4 Experimental X-ray Diffraction Methods (S)
Notes
Problems
5 Crystal Symmetry and Physical Properties (S)
5-1 Introduction
5-2 Neumann's Principle
5-3 Tensors
5-4 Crystal Symmetry and Physical Properties
5-5 Nonlinear Optics
Notes
Problems
6 Classification of Solids
6-1 Summary of Chapters 1-3
6-2 Introduction to Classification of Solids
6-3 Five Types of Bonds
6-4 Repulsive Potential Energy
6-5 Molecular Bond
6-6 Hydrogen Bond (S)
Notes
Problems
7 The Ionic Bond
7-1 Transfer of Electrons
7-2 Ionic Radii
7-3 Typical Structures
7-4 Cohesive Energies of Ionic Crystals
Notes
Problems
8 The Covalent Bond
8-1 Introduction
8-2 Bonding and Antibonding
8-3 The Hydrogen Molecule
8-4 Maximum Overlap
8-5 The Formation of a Crystal
8-6 "Classical" Semiconductors
8-7 Continuous Range of Bonding (S)
Appendix
Notes
Problems
9 Metals
Part A Drude's Model
9-1 Drude 's Free Electron Theory
9-2 Drude's Assumptions
9-3 DC Conductivity
9-4 Wiedemann-Franz Law
9-5 Frequency-Dependent Conductivity (S, A)
9-6 Problems of Drude 's Model
Part B Quantum Mechanics Applied
9-7 Eigenfunctions of Free Electrons in a Metal
9-8 Fermi Energy, Density of States, and Fermi Surface
9-9 Soft X-rays, Heat Capacities
9-10 Fermi-Dirac Statistics
9-11 Low Temperature Expansion Using F-D Statistics
9-12 Thermal Properties of the Electron Gas
9-13 DC Conductivity (with F-D Statistics)
9-14 Electron-Electron Collisions (S)
9-15 Hall Effect (and Other Magnetic Field Effects) (S)
9-16 Landau Levels (S, A)
Notes
Problems
10 Band Theory
Part A Qualitative Discussion
10-1 Nearly Free Electrons
10-2 Classifications of Solids
10-3 Effective Mass
Part B Wave Functions and Energy Levels
10-4 Bloch Functions
10-5 Nearly Free Electrons
10-6 Brillouin Zones
10-7 Examples of Brillouin Zones
10-8 Wigner-Seitz Approximation — The Binding Energy (S)
10-9 The Tight Binding Approximation (S)
10-10 Crystal Momentum
Part C Semiconductors, Real Bands, and Related Concepts
10-11 Holes
10-12 Band Preliminaries (A)
10-13 E(k) for a Two-Dimensional Square Lattice
10-14 Body-Centered Cubic Lattice — Sodium (S, A)
10-15 Si, Ge, GaAs, and GaP
10-16 Carrier Concentration at Thermal Equilibrium
10-17 p-n Junctions
10-18 Metal-Semiconductor Junctions
10-19 The Gunn Effect (S)
10-20 Other Topics (S)
10-21 Summary
Notes
Problems
11 Some Thermal Effects in Solids
Part A Heat Capacity
11-1 Specific Heat at Constant Volume and Pressure
11-2 Energy and Cv from Statistical Mechanics
11-3 Classical Results for Cv
11-4 Einstein's Model
11-5 Debye's Calculation of Cv
Part B Effects Associated with Disorder
11-6 Orientational Disorder in Molecular and Ionic Crystals
11-7 Polarization by Orientation (S)
11-8 Point Imperfections in Crystals
11-9 Diffusion (S)
11-10 Color Centers in Ionic Crystals (S)
11-11 Localized Vibrational Modes (S)
Notes
Problems
12 Lattice Vibrations
12-1 Introduction
12-2 Vibrations of a One-Dimensional Monatomic Chain
12-3 Vibrations of a One-Dimensional Diatomic Chain
12-4 Real Crystal Systems
12-5 Phonons(A)
12-6 Crystal Momentum (A)
12-7 Neutron Diffraction from Phonons
12-8 Thermal Conductivity (S)
Notes
Problems
13 Optical Properties of Crystals
Part A Macroscopic Theory
13-1 Dielectric Polarization
13-2 Oscillating Fields
13-3 Electromagnetic Waves in Solids
13-4 Reflectivity at an Interface
13-5 Kramers-Kronig Relations (S, A)
13-6 Damped Harmonic Oscillator
13-7 Dielectric Response of a Quantum System
Part B Lattice Vibrations
13-8 Introduction
13-9 Long Wavelength Optical Vibrations
13-10 Measurements and Results
13-11 Polaritons (S)
13-12 A Microscopic Model (S)
13-13 Clausius-Mossotti (Lorenz-Lorentz) Equations
Part C Free Carrier Absorption
13-14 Introduction
13-15 Oscillator Model
13-16 Experimental Results
13-17 Transverse and Longitudinal Free Electron Modes (S)
Part D Interband Transitions
13-18 Introduction
13-19 Fundamental Absorption Near Eg
13-20 Excitons (Mostly Weakly Bound Excitons)
13-21 Fundamental Absorption Above Eg
13-22 Urbach Edge (S)
Notes
Problems
14 Ferroelectricity and Structural Phase Transitions
14-1 Introduction
14-2 The Free Energy
14-3 Soft Modes
14-4 Microscopic Model of Soft Modes
14-5 Renormalization Group
14-6 Optical Properties of Ferroelectrics (S)
14-7 Other Related Properties
Notes
Problems
15 Magnetism
Part A Diamagnetism and Paramagnetism
15-1 Introduction
15-2 Diamagnetism
15-3 Paramagnetism
Part B Ferromagnetism, Antiferromagnetism, and Related Topics
15-4 Introduction
15-5 Molecular Field Theory
15-6 The Heisenberg Exchange Interaction
15-7 Magnetic Structures
15-8 Special Techniques Used to Study Magnetic Structures
Part C Other Topics
15-9 Spin Waves (S, A)
15-10 Anisotropy, Hysteresis, Domains, and Bloch Walls
15-11 Metals and Magnetism (S, A)
15-12 Spin Glasses (S)
Notes
Problems
16 Superconductivity
16-1 Introduction (dc Conductivity)
16-2 The Occurrence of Superconductivity
16-3 Effects that Destroy Superconductivity
16-4 Magnetic Properties
16-5 The BCS Theory
16-6 BCS Predictions
16-7 BCS Related Measurements
16-8 The Josephson Effect
Notes
Problems
17 Surface Science
17-1 Introduction — The Need for UHV
17-2 Crystal Shape
17-3 Preparation of Clean Surfaces and LEED
17-4 The Structure of Surfaces
17-5 Interaction of Gases with Surfaces
17-6 Surface Related Techniques
17-7 Electronic Surface Structure
Notes
Problems
Appendix to Chapter 17
18 Artificial Structures
Part A Semiconductors
18-1 Introduction
18-2 A Particle in a 1-D Rectangular Well
18-3 3-D Motion with a 1-D Rectangular Well
18-4 Experimental Aspects
18-5 Semiconductor Superlattices
18-6 Inversion Layers
Part B Metals
18-7 Introduction
18-8 Sample Preparation
18-9 Properties of Layered Metal Structures
18-10 Other Artificial Structures (S)
Notes
Problems
Appendix
Appendix — Units
Bibliography
Index