Solid Electrolytes
General Principles, Characterization, Materials, Applications
- 1st Edition - November 21, 2013
- Editors: Paul Hagenmuller, W. Van Gool
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 1 - 7 5 8 4 - 3
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 1 - 9 1 6 5 - 2
Solid Electrolytes: General Principles, Characterization, Materials, Applications presents specific theories and experimental methods in the field of superionic conductors. It… Read more
Solid Electrolytes: General Principles, Characterization, Materials, Applications presents specific theories and experimental methods in the field of superionic conductors. It discusses that high ionic conductivity in solids requires specific structural and energetic conditions. It addresses the problems involved in the study and use of solid electrolytes. Some of the topics covered in the book are the introduction to the theory of solid electrolytes; macroscopic evidence for liquid nature; structural models; kinetic models; crystal structures and fast ionic conduction; interstitial motion in body-centered cubic structures; and materials with the fluorite and antifluorite structures. The diffraction studies of superionic conductors are covered. The significance of defects and disorder to ionic conductivity are discussed. The text describes the transport mechanisms and lattice defects. A study of the diffusion and ionic conductivity equations is presented. A chapter is devoted to the quasi-elastic neutron scattering. Another section focuses on the complex conductivity in the microwave range. The book can provide useful information to scientists, physicists, students, and researchers.
List of Contributors
Preface
1 Introduction
References
Part I Theory and Experimental Method
2 Introduction to the Theory of Solid Electrolytes
I. Introduction
II. Macroscopic Evidence for Liquid Nature
III. Structural Models
IV. Kinetic Models
Appendix I: Theories of Liquids
Appendix II: Experimental Techniques
References
3 Crystal Structures and Fast Ionic Conduction
I. Introduction
II. Interstitial Motion in Body-Centered Cubic Structures
III. Interstitial Motion in the Rutile Structure
IV. Other Materials with Unidirectional Tunnels
V. Materials with the Fluorite and Antifluorite Structures
VI. Materials with Layer Structures
VII. Materials with Three-Dimensional Arrays of Tunnels
VIIL Structures with Isolated Tetrahedra
IX. General Comments
References
4 Diffraction Studies of Superionic Conductors
I. Introduction
II. Diffractional Fundamentals
III. Polycrystalline Materials
IV. Single Crystals
V. Defects and Disorder
References
5 Transport Mechanisms and Lattice Defects
I. General
II. Diffusion and Ionic Conductivity Equations
III. Defects and Split Configurations
IV. Activation Process and Transmission Coefficient
V. Random Walk and Correlation Effects
VI. Application to j8-Alumina
VII. Liquidlike Transport? Conclusions
References
6 High-Frequency Measurements and Interpretations
I. Introduction and Survey
II. Quasi-Elastic Neutron Scattering
III. Electromagnetic Spectra
References
7 NMR Techniques for Studying Ionic Diffusion
I. Introduction
IL Basic Principles of NMR Observations
III. Survey of Selected Systems
References
8 Electron Spin Resonance Application to Solid Electrolytes
Introduction
1. General Considerations about Electron Spin Resonance
9 The Influence of Crystal Structure and of Microstructure on Some Properties of Polycrystalline β-Alumina
I. Introduction
II. Analysis of the Electrical Properties of Polycrystalline β-Alumina
III. The Effects of Fabrication Details on Microstructure and Properties
IV. Summary and Concluding Remarks
References
10 Low-Frequency Measurements on Solid Electrolytes and Their Interpretations
I. Introduction
II. General Impedance Behavior of Solid Cell System
III. Electrical Measurement Techniques
IV. Determination of Bulk Properties
V. Determination of Interfacial Properties
Appendix I. Complex Impedance and Admittances: Argand Diagrams
Appendix II. Relationship between Complex and Transient
Impedances: Laplace Transforms
References
11 Interface Phenomena
I. Introduction
II. Qualitative Theory of Solid Electrolyte Interfaces
References
Part II Materials
12 Solid Electrolytes as a Materials Problem
I. Introduction
II. Ionic Conductivity and Lattice Defects
III. Macroscopic Aspects of Ionic Conductivity
References
13 Organic Ion Conductors
I. Introduction
II. Silver Ion Conductors
III. Copper(I) Ion Conductors
IV. Protonic Conductors
V. Summary
References
14 Inorganic Silver Ion Conductors
I. Introduction
II. The Structure of α-Agl
III. Other Structures with a Body-Centered Cubic Anion Arrangement
IV. Structures with a Cubic Close-Packed Anion Arrangement
V. Structures of β-Mn Type-M Ag4I5
VI. Structural Basis for Silver Ion Conductors
VII. Ionic Conduction and Diffusion
VIII. Thermodynamic Properties
IX. Special Studies
X. Uniqueness of Ag+ as a Mobile Ion
References
15 Inorganic Copper Ion Conductors
I. Introduction
II. Ionic Conductivity
III. Thermoelectric Power
IV. Electronic Conductivity
V. Other Aspects
VI. New Compounds with High Ionic Conductivity
VII. Summary
References
16 β-Aluminas
I. Introduction
II. Elaboration of Materials
III. Crystal Structure of β - and β"-Phases
IV. Relations between Layer Structure and Electrical Properties of β-Aluminas
V. Additional Ions in β-Aluminas
References
17 Ionic Conductive Glasses
I. General Introduction
II. Methods of Measurement of Electrical Conductivity in Vitreous Materials
III. Main Experimental Results and Their Interpretation
References
18 Oxygen Ion Conductors
I. Introduction
II. Theory
III. Experimental Methods
IV. Fluorite-Type Oxides
V. Perovskites and Other Oxides
VI. Interfacial Processes
VII. Oxides as Useful Electrolytes
References
19 Fluorine Ion Conductors
I. Introduction
II. General Principles
III. Materials with Tysonite and YFg Structures
IV. Fluorites
V. Applications
References
20 AnBXm Solid Electrolytes
I. Introduction
II. A2BO4 Compounds
III. A4BO4, A5BO4, and AA'BO4 Compounds
IV. ABX4, A2BX5, and A3BX6 Compounds
V. Concluding Remarks
References
21 Mixed One- and Two-Dimensional Conductors
I. Introduction
II. Structural Types
III. Ionic Conductivity
22 Electronic Insulators with Tunnel and Sheet Structures
I. Introduction
II. Materials of Hollandite Type
III. Materials of LiNb6O15F Type
IV. Materials of NaxFexTi2-xO4 Type
V. Sheet Materials of Ax(LxM1-x)O2 Type
References
23 Skeleton Structures
I. Design Constraints
II. Examples
References
24 Zeolites
I. Introduction
II. Zeolite Structures
III. Ion Exchange Equilibria
IV. Ion Diffusion in Zeolite Channels
References
Part III Applications
25 High-Temperature Fuel Cells
I. Introduction
II. Principles and Fundamentals of the High-Temperature Fuel Cell
III. Present State and Problems of Development
IV. Technical and Economic Aspects
References
26 Application of Solid Electrolytes in Galvanic Cells
Part 1 Low-Energy-Density Cells
I. Introduction
II. Low-Energy-Density Cells
References
IV. Role in Battery Cathodes and Anodes
References
27 Application of Solid Electrolytes in Galvanic Cells
I. Introduction
II. The Sodium-Sulfur Cell
III. The Lithium-Sulfur Cell
IV. Other Developments
V. Concluding Remarks
References
28 Thermodynamic Measurements with Solid Electrolytes
I. Introduction
II. Thermodynamic Treatment of Electromotive Force Data
III. Thermodynamic Equilibrium at Electrodes
IV. Applications of Solid Electrolytes
V. Recent Developments
References
29 Solid-State Potentiometric Gauges for Gaseous Species
I. Introduction
II. Oxygen Gauges
III. Other Gauges
References
30 High-Temperature Heating Elements in Oxidizing Atmosphere
I. Materials Used
II. Heating Elements for Laboratory Furnaces
III. Heating Elements for Industrial Furnaces
References
31 Use of Crystalline Solid Electrolytes as Membranes in Ion-Selective Electrodes
I. Introduction
II. Membrane Requirements in an Ion-Specific Electrode
III. Influence of Solid Electrolyte Solubility
IV. Ion Size, Ion Charge, and Selectivity
V. Interface Double Layer and Rate of Exchange between a Solid and a Liquid Electrolyte
32 Application Prospects of Solid Electrolytes
I. Introduction
II. The Energy-Supply System and Solid Electrolytes
III. Applications of Solid Electrolytes
References
Index
- Edition: 1
- Published: November 21, 2013
- Language: English
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