Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease- 2 Volume Set

Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Management

11th Edition - June 9, 2020
Authors: Mark Feldman, Lawrence S. Friedman, Lawrence J. Brandt
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 6 0 9 6 2 - 3
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 7 1 0 9 4 - 7

For nearly 50 years, Sleisenger & Fordtran’s Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease has been the go-to reference for gastroenterology and hepatology residents, fellows, physician… Read more

Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease- 2 Volume Set

Purchase options

Info / Buy

Institutional subscription on ScienceDirect

Request a sales quote

For nearly 50 years, Sleisenger & Fordtran’s Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease has been the go-to reference for gastroenterology and hepatology residents, fellows, physicians, and the entire GI caregiving team. Now in a fully revised 11th Edition, this two-volume masterwork brings together the knowledge and expertise of hundreds of global experts who keep you up to date with the newest techniques, technologies, and treatments for every clinical challenge you face in gastroenterology and hepatology. A logical organization, more than 1,100 full-color illustrations, and easy-to-use algorithms ensure that you’ll quickly and easily find the information you need.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Dedication
Contributors
Foreword
The Sleisenger and Fordtran Editors
Preface
Acknowledgments
Abbreviation List
VOLUME 1
Part I. Biology of the Gastrointestinal Tract
1. Cellular Growth and Neoplasia
Mechanisms of Normal Tissue Homeostasis
Intestinal Tumor Development
Neoplasia-Associated Genes
Tumor Microenvironment
Tumor Metabolism
Biological Features of Tumor Metastasis
Environmental Influences
Molecular Medicine: Current and Future Approaches in Gastrointestinal Oncology
2. Mucosal Immunology and Inflammation
Immunoglobulins of the Mucosal Surface
Physiology of Mucosal Immune Cells
Functional Anatomy of the Mucosal Immune System
Antigen Presentation in the Gut
Effector Compartments within the Gut Immune System
3. The Enteric Microbiota
Characteristics of the Human Intestinal Microbiome
Factors Affecting Intestinal Microbiome Variability and Resilience
The Effect of Host–Intestinal Microbiome Interactions on Host Physiology
The role of the intestinal microbiome in human disease
Inflammatory Diseases
Cancer
Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (see Chapter 122)
The role of the Intestinal Microbiome in Modulation of Drug Response
Therapeutic Modulation of the Intestinal Microbiome
NonBacterial Members of the Intestinal Microbiome
Future Directions
4. Gut Sensory Transduction
Hormones and Neurotransmitters
Transducing Signals from the GI Lumen
Nutrient Chemosensing
The Transmitters
Neurotransmitters
Cannabinoids and other Chemical Transmitters
The Importance of Hormones and Neurotransmitters
Diabetes and the Gut
Gastrointestinal Regulation of Appetite
Part II. Nutrition in Gastroenterology
5. Nutritional Principles and Assessment of the Gastroenterology Patient
Basic Nutritional Concepts
Micronutrients
Starvation
Malnutrition
Nutritional Assessment Techniques
Aggressive Nutritional Support in the Hospitalized Patient
6. Nutritional Management
Nutrition in Specific Disease States
Nutritional Therapy
7. Obesity
Definitions and Epidemiology
Etiology of Obesity
Prognosis of Obesity
Pathophysiology of Obesity
Clinical Features and Diagnosis of Obesity
Complications of Obesity
Medical Treatment of Obesity
8. Surgical and Endoscopic Treatment of Obesity
Evaluation and Selection of Bariatric Surgery Candidates
Surgical Treatments for Obesity
Endoscopic Management of Bariatric Surgical Complications
Endoscopic Treatments for Obesity
9. Feeding and Eating Disorders
Epidemiology
Causative Factors
Onset and Course
Evaluation
Diagnosis of Specific Disorders
Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder and Unspecified Feeding or eating Disorder
Gastrointestinal Abnormalities Associated With Eating Disorders
Management of Eating Disorders in the Adult
Eating Disorders and the Intestinal Microbiota
10. Food Allergies
Definitions
Prevalence
Pathogenesis
Clinical features
Diagnosis
Prevention
Treatment and natural history
Part III. Symptoms, Signs, and Biopsychosocial Issues
11. Acute Abdominal Pain
Anatomy and Physiology
Evaluation
Causes
Pharmacologic Management
12. Chronic Abdominal Pain
Definition and Clinical Approach
Abdominal Wall Pain
Centrally Mediated Abdominal Pain Syndrome
Narcotic Bowel Syndrome/Opioid-induced GASTROINTESTINAL hyperalgesia
13. Symptoms of Esophageal Disease
Dysphagia
Odynophagia
Globus Sensation
Hiccups
Chest pain of Esophageal Origin
Heartburn and Regurgitation
Extraesophageal Symptoms of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
14. Dyspepsia
Definition
Organic Causes
PUD
GERD
Functional Dyspepsia
Approach to Uninvestigated Dyspepsia
Treatment of Functional Dyspepsia
Recommendations
15. Nausea and Vomiting
Pathophysiology
Clinical Characteristics
Causes
Evaluation
Complications
Treatment
16. Diarrhea
Definition
Pathophysiology
Clinical Classification
Differential Diagnosis
Evaluation
Treatment
Selected Diarrheal Syndromes
17. Intestinal Gas
Composition and Volume of Gastrointestinal gas
Gas Metabolism and Excretion
Intestinal Propulsion, Accommodation, and Tolerance to gas
Clinical gas Problems
18. Fecal Incontinence
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Evaluation
Treatment
19. Constipation
Definition and Presenting Symptoms
Epidemiology
Risk Factors
Colonic Function
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Clinical Assessment
Diagnostic Tests
Treatment
20. Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Initial Assessment and Management of Acute Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Obscure Overt Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Obscure Occult Gastrointestinal Bleeding and Iron Deficiency Anemia
21. Jaundice
Bilirubin Metabolism and Measurement
Differential Diagnosis of Hyperbilirubinemia
Diagnostic Approach to Jaundice
Therapeutic Approaches
22. Biopsychosocial Issues in Gastroenterology
Conceptualization of Gastrointestinal Illness
Early Life
Psychosocial Environment
Brain-Gut Axis
Symptom Experience and Behavior
Clinical Applications
Treatment Approach
23. Factitious Gastrointestinal Disease
Factitious Disorder, Subtle Form
Related Abnormal Illness Behaviors
Special Issues Related to Gastroenterology
Pitfalls in the Diagnosis and Management of Abnormal Illness Behavior
Part IV. Topics Involving Multiple Organs
24. Oral Diseases and Oral Manifestations of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases
Lip Disorders
Salivary Disorders
Tongue Disorders
Gingival Disorders
ORAL Manifestations of Infections, Neoplasms, and Other Selected Disorders
Gastroesophageal Reflux (GERD)
Liver Disease
Recurrent Aphthous Ulcers
Behçet Disease
Cutaneous Disorders with Oral Manifestations
Amyloidosis
Nutritional Deficiencies
25. Cutaneous Manifestations of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases
Vesiculobullous Skin Diseases
Lichen Planus
Cutaneous Manifestations of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Vascular and Connective Tissue Disorders
Cutaneous Manifestations of Gastrointestinal Malignancies
Cutaneous Manifestations of Liver Disease
Drug-Induced Liver Disease in Patients With Skin Disease
Parasitic Diseases of the Skin and GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
Dermatitis Herpetiformis and Celiac Disease
Vitamin and Mineral Deficiencies
26. Diverticula of the Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach, and Small Intestine
Zenker Diverticula
Diverticula of the Esophageal Body
Esophageal Intramural Pseudodiverticula
Gastric Diverticula
Duodenal Diverticula
Jejunal Diverticula
27. Abdominal Hernias and Gastric Volvulus
Diaphragmatic Hernias
Gastric Volvulus
Inguinal and Femoral Hernias
Other Ventral Hernias
Pelvic and Perineal Hernias
Lumbar Hernias
Internal Hernias
28. Foreign Bodies, Bezoars, and Caustic Ingestions
Gastrointestinal Foreign Bodies
Bezoars
Caustic Ingestions
29. Abdominal Abscesses and Gastrointestinal Fistulas
Abdominal Abscess
Gastrointestinal Fistulas
30. Eosinophilic Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Eosinophil Biology and Potential Diagnostic and Therapeutic Targets
Gastrointestinal Eosinophils in Healthy States
Eosinophil-Associated Gastrointestinal Disorders
Resources
31. Protein-Losing Gastroenteropathy
Definition and Normal Physiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical Features
Diseases Associated with Protein-Losing Gastroenteropathy
Diagnosis
Treatment and Prognosis
32. Gastrointestinal Lymphomas
General Principles of Lymphoma Management
Gastric Lymphomas
Small Intestinal Lymphomas
Other Gastrointestinal Sites
Immunodeficiency-Related Lymphomas
Iatrogenic Lymphoproliferative Disorders
HIV–Associated Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
33. Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
Pathology
Molecular Pathogenesis
Molecular Pharmacology
Epidemiology
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Special Considerations
34. Neuroendocrine Tumors
Historical Aspects
Epidemiology
Origin and Histochemical Features
Classification
Molecular Pathogenesis
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia and Other Inherited Syndromes
Functional Tumors
Gastrinomas
Glucagonomas
Vipomas
Other Functional Pnets
Nonfunctional Pnets
Gi-Nets (Carcinoids)
Carcinoid Syndrome
Tumor Localization
Treatment of Metastatic Disease
35. Gastrointestinal Consequences of Infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Odynophagia and Dysphagia
Diarrhea
Abdominal Pain
Anorectal Disease
Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Hepatobiliary Disease
36. Gastrointestinal and Hepatic Complications of Solid Organ and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
Complications of solid organ transplantation
Kidney and Kidney/Pancreas Transplantation
Liver Transplantation
Heart, Lung, and Heart-Lung Transplantation
Intestinal Transplantation
Problem-Oriented Approach to Diagnosis in Solid Organ Transplantation Recipients
Complications of Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
37. Gastrointestinal and Hepatic Manifestations of Systemic Diseases
Collagen Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases (Table 37.1)
Oncologic and Hematologic Diseases
Endocrine Diseases
Disorders of Lipid Metabolism
Renal Diseases
Neurologic Diseases
Pulmonary Disease
Critical Illness
Sepsis
Cardiovascular Diseases
Infiltrative Diseases
38. Vascular Lesions of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Primary Vascular Lesions
Angiodysplasia
Dieulafoy Lesion
Hemangioma
Congenital Arteriovenous Malformation
Aneurysms
Paraprosthetic-Enteric and Aortoenteric Fistulas
Vascular Lesions Associated With Systemic Disorders or Manifestations
Blue Rubber Bleb Nevus Syndrome
Progressive Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma)
Klippel-Trénaunay and Parkes Weber Syndromes
Radiation-Induced Mucosal Injury
GAVE (Watermelon Stomach) and Portal Hypertensive Gastropathy, Enteropathy, and Colopathy
Anatomic Abnormalities of the Vasculature
Celiac Axis Compression (Median Arcuate Ligament) Syndrome
39. Surgical Peritonitis and Other Diseases of the Peritoneum, Mesentery, Omentum, and Diaphragm
Anatomy and Physiology
Secondary (Surgical) Peritonitis
Peritonitis of Other Causes (Box 39.2)
Intra-Abdominal Adhesions
Peritoneal Tumors
Pelvic Lipomatosis and Peritoneal Cysts
Diseases of the Mesentery and Omentum
Diseases of the Diaphragm
Laparoscopy in the Evaluation of Peritoneal Diseases
40. Gastrointestinal and Hepatic Disorders in the Pregnant Patient
Gastrointestinal and Hepatic Function in Normal Pregnancy
Drug Safety in Pregnant Patients
Endoscopy During Pregnancy
Imaging and Radiation Exposure During Pregnancy
GI Disorders and Pregnancy
Gallbladder and Pancreatic Disorders and Pregnancy
Hepatic Disorders Unique to Pregnancy
Other Hepatic Disorders and Pregnancy
41. Acute and Chronic Gastrointestinal Side Effects of Radiation Therapy
Molecular Mechanisms of Radiation-Induced GI Damage
Serial versus parallel organ function
Small intestine
Esophagus
Stomach
Colon and rectum
Anus
Pancreas and liver
Therapeutic techniques to reduce toxicity
42. Preparation for and Complications of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Complications of Newer Endoscopic Techniques
Preparation of the Patient for Endoscopy
Sedation
Infections
Electrosurgery
Timing and Severity of Complications
Egd
Small Bowel Endoscopy
Colonoscopy
Ercp
EUS
Newer Endoscopic Techniques
Part V. Esophagus
43. Anatomy, Histology, Embryology, and Developmental Anomalies of the Esophagus
Anatomy and Histology
Embryology
Developmental Anomalies
44. Esophageal Neuromuscular Function and Motility Disorders
Motor and Sensory Function
Esophageal Motility Disorders
45. Esophageal Disorders Caused by Medications, Trauma, and Infection
Medication-Induced Esophageal Injury
Esophageal Injury from Nasogastric and other Nonendoscopic Tubes
Esophageal Injury from Penetrating or Blunt Trauma
Esophageal Tears and Hematomas
Esophageal Infections in the Immunocompetent Host (BOX 45.2)
Acute Esophageal Necrosis
46. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Epidemiology
Health Care Impact
Pathogenesis
Clinical Features
Differential Diagnosis
Associated Conditions
Diagnosis
Clinical Course
Complications
Treatment of Uncomplicated Disease
Treatment of Peptic Esophageal Strictures
47. Barrett Esophagus
Diagnosis
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis
Molecular Biology of Neoplasia
Dysplasia
Management
48. Esophageal Tumors
Carcinomas
Other Malignant Epithelial Tumors
Benign Epithelial Tumors
Malignant Nonepithelial Tumors
Benign Nonepithelial Tumors
Part VI. Stomach and Duodenum
49. Anatomy, Histology, and Developmental Anomalies of the Stomach and Duodenum
Embryology and Anatomy Of the Stomach
Vascular Supply and Drainage; Lymphatic Drainage
Gastric Innervation
Tissue Layers of the Stomach
Microscopic Anatomy
Embryology and Anatomy Of The Duodenum
Vascular Supply and Drainage; Lymphatic Drainage
Duodenal Innervation
Microscopic Anatomy
Congenital Anomalies Of The Stomach and Duodenum
50. Gastric Neuromuscular Function and Neuromuscular Disorders
Electrophysiologic Basis for Normal Gastric Neuromuscular Function
Regulation of Gastric Neuromuscular Activity After A Meal
Gastric Sensory Activities
The Stomach and the Regulation of Food Intake, Hunger, and Satiety
Developmental Aspects of Gastric Neuromuscular Function
Assessment of Gastric Neuromuscular Function
Neuromuscular Disorders of the Stomach
Diagnosis of Gastric Neuromuscular Disorders
Treatment
51. Gastric Secretion
Functional Anatomy
Paracrine, Hormonal, Neural, and Intracellular Regulation of Gastric Acid Secretion
Measurement of Gastric Acid Secretion
Diseases Associated with Increased Gastric Acid Secretion
Pepsinogen Secretion
Gastric Lipase Secretion
Intrinsic Factor Secretion
Bicarbonate Secretion
Mucus Secretion
Gastric Cancer Biomarkers in Gastric Juice
52. Gastritis and Gastropathy
Definitions
Acute Gastritis
Chronic Gastritis
Carditis
Other Infectious Gastritides
Granulomatous Gastritides
Distinctive Gastritides
Gastritis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Gastritis Cystica Profunda
Allergic Gastritis (see also Chapter 10)
Reactive Gastropathies
Hyperplastic Gastropathies, Including Ménétrier’s Disease
Portal Hypertensive Gastropathy
Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
53. Peptic Ulcer Disease
Epidemiology
Etiology and Pathogenesis
Clinical Features and Diagnosis
Medical Therapy of Active Peptic Ulcer Disease
Refractory Ulcers
Prevention of Ulcer Disease
Complications and Their Treatment
Stress ulcers
54. Adenocarcinoma of the Stomach and Other Gastric Tumors
Epidemiology
Etiology and Pathogenesis
Tumor Genetics
Premalignant Conditions
Screening and Surveillance
Prevention
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Classification and Staging
Prognosis and Treatment
Miscellaneous Gastric Tumors
Part VII. Pancreas
55. Anatomy, Histology, Embryology, and Developmental Anomalies of the Pancreas
History of the Pancreas
Anatomy
Histology and Ultrastructure
Development of the Pancreas
Developmental Anomalies
56. Pancreatic Secretion
Functional Anatomy
Composition of Exocrine Secretions
Functions of the Major Digestive Enzymes
Digestive Enzyme Synthesis and Transport
Cellular Regulation of Enzyme Secretion
Organ Physiology
Pancreatic Secretory Function Tests
57. Genetic Disorders of the Pancreas and Pancreatic Disorders in Childhood
Background
Definitions and Terminology
Genes that Modify Inflammation, Progression to Chronic Pancreatitis and Modifier Phenotypes
Integration of Genetics And Patient Management
Pancreatitis in Children
Clinical Management of Mendelian Disorders of the Pancreas
Rare Genetic Syndromes With Pancreatic Pathology
Familial Metabolic Syndromes Associated With Recurrent Acute and Chronic Pancreatitis
58. Acute Pancreatitis
Incidence and Burden of Disease
Definitions
Course of the Disease
Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology
Predisposing Conditions
Clinical Features
Differential Diagnosis
Laboratory Diagnosis
Diagnostic Imaging
Distinguishing Alcoholic From Gallstone Pancreatitis
Predictors of Disease Severity
Treatment (Fig. 58.5)
59. Chronic Pancreatitis
Epidemiology
Pathology
Pathophysiology
Etiology
Clinical features
Physical examination
Diagnosis
Diagnostic strategy
Treatment
Complications
60. Pancreatic Cancer, Cystic Pancreatic Neoplasms, and Other Nonendocrine Pancreatic Tumors
Pancreatic cancer
Cystic Tumors of the Pancreas
Other Pancreatic Tumors
61. Endoscopic Treatment of Pancreatic Disease
Acute Pancreatitis
Local Complications of Acute Pancreatitis (Also see Chapter 58)
Chronic Pancreatitis (See Also Chapter 59)
Pancreatic Duct Leaks
Pancreatic Cancer (See Also Chapter 60)
Pancreatic Cysts
Part VIII. Biliary Tract
62. Anatomy, Histology, Embryology, Developmental Anomalies, and Pediatric Disorders of the Biliary Tract
Embryology of the Liver and Biliary Tract
Anatomy and Histology
Developmental Anomalies
Approach to Disorders of the Biliary Tract in Infants and Children
Pediatric Disorders of the Bile Ducts
Pediatric Disorders of the Gallbladder
63. Biliary Tract Motor Function and Dysfunction
Anatomy and Physiology
Functional Gallbladder Disorder
Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction
Failure of Response to Biliary Sphincterotomy
Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction in Pancreatitis
64. Bile Secretion and the Enterohepatic Circulation
Bile Acid Synthesis and Metabolism
The Enterohepatic Circulation
Hepatic Bile Acid Transport and Bile Secretion
Intestinal and Renal Bile Acid Transport
Disorders of the Enterohepatic Circulation
Bile Acid–Based Therapy
Bile Acid Sequestrants and Transport Inhibitors
65. Gallstone Disease
Types of Gallstones
Epidemiology
Composition and Abnormalities of Bile
Pathophysiology
Genetics
Pigment Stones
Natural History
Diagnosis
Clinical Disorders
Uncommon Complications
66. Treatment of Gallstone Disease
Medical Treatment
Surgical Treatment
Choice of Treatment
Indications for Treatment
Choledocholithiasis
Bile Duct Injury and Stricture
Postcholecystectomy Syndrome
Gallstones, Cholecystectomy, and Cancer
67. Acalculous Biliary Pain, Acute Acalculous Cholecystitis, Cholesterolosis, Adenomyomatosis, and Gallbladder Polyps
Acalculous Biliary Pain
Acute Acalculous Cholecystitis
Cholesterolosis
Adenomyomatosis
Gallbladder Polyps
68. Primary and Secondary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Secondary Sclerosing Cholangitis
69. Tumors of the Bile Ducts, Gallbladder, and Ampulla
Cholangiocarcinoma
Gallbladder Carcinoma
Ampullary Carcinoma
Other Tumors of the Biliary Tract
70. Endoscopic and Radiologic Treatment of Biliary Disease
Imaging of the Biliary Tract
ERCP
Endoscopic Treatment
Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography
Percutaneous Cholecystostomy Tube Placement
Combined Percutaneous and Endoscopic Approaches
VOLUME 2
Part IX. Liver
71. Embryology, Anatomy, Histology, and Developmental Anomalies of the Liver
Embryology
Anatomy
Histology
Developmental Anomalies
72. Liver Physiology and Energy Metabolism
Liver Cell Types and Organization
Integration of the Functions of the Different Cell Types
Regeneration and Apoptosis of Liver Cells
Protein Synthesis and Degradation in the Liver
Hepatic Nutrient Metabolism
73. Liver Chemistry and Function Tests
Bilirubin (See Chapter 21)
Aminotransferases
Alkaline phosphatase
Tests of Hepatic Synthetic Function
Tests to Detect Hepatic Fibrosis
Quantitative Liver Function Tests
Bile Acids
Specific Applications of Liver Biochemical Testing
74. Overview of Cirrhosis
Pathogenesis
Diagnosis
Natural History
Prognosis
Treatment
Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure
75. Hemochromatosis
Causes Of Iron Overload
Pathophysiology
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis
Family Screening
76. Wilson Disease
Copper Metabolism
Molecular Pathogenesis
Pathology
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis
77. Other Inherited Metabolic Disorders of the Liver
Clinical Features of Metabolic Liver Disease
α1-Antitrypsin Deficiency
Glycogen Storage Diseases
Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation
Porphyrias
Tyrosinemia
Urea Cycle Defects
Bile Acid Synthesis and Transport Defects
Cystic Fibrosis
Mitochondrial Liver Diseases
78. Hepatitis A
Virology
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Prevention and Treatment
79. Hepatitis B
Epidemiology
Virology
Pathogenesis
Natural History
Clinical and Pathologic Features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
80. Hepatitis C
Virology
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis
Clinical features
Diagnosis
Liver Biopsy and Noninvasive Assessment of Fibrosis
Natural History
Treatment
81. Hepatitis D
Epidemiology
Virology
Pathogenesis
Diagnosis
HDV RNA
Clinical Features
Natural History
Treatment
Prevention
82. Hepatitis E
Virology
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis
Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
83. Hepatitis Caused by Other Viruses
Discovery of Novel Hepatitis Viruses
Gbv-C/human Pegivirus
Tt Virus Infection
Sanban, Yonban, AND Sen virus and Tt Virus–Like Minivirus Infections
The Search for Other Non–A-E Viral Hepatitis Infections
Systemic Viral Infections That May Involve the Liver
84. Bacterial, Parasitic, and Fungal Infections of the Liver, Including Liver Abscesses
Bacterial Infections Involving or Affecting the Liver
Parasites (TABLES 84.1 AND 84.2)
Fungi
Liver Abscess
85. Vascular Diseases of the Liver
Budd-Chiari Syndrome
Extrahepatic portal vein obstruction
Portal vein thrombosis in patients with cirrhosis
Idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension
Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (hepatic veno-occlusive disease)
Congenital portosystemic shunts
Ischemic hepatitis
Congestive hepatopathy
Ischemic cholangiopathy
Idiopathic sinusoidal dilatation and peliosis hepatis
Hepatic artery aneurysm and Hepatic Infarction
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
Diabetic hepatosclerosis
86. Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease
Epidemiology
Spectrum of Disease
Pathogenesis
Diagnosis of Alcohol Abuse
Diagnosis of Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease
Cofactors that may Influence Progression of Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease
Prognosis
Treatment
87. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Epidemiology
Definitions and Associations
Pathogenesis
Clinical Features and Diagnosis
Focal Fatty Liver
Natural History
Clinical Associations
Treatment
Lifestyle Modification
Bariatric Surgery
Pharmacotherapy
LT
88. Liver Disease Caused by Drugs
Hepatic Drug Metabolism
Liver Disease Caused by Drugs
Dose-Dependent Hepatotoxicity
Drug-Induced Acute Hepatitis
Drug-Induced Granulomatous Hepatitis
Drug-Induced Chronic Hepatitis
Drug-Induced Acute Cholestasis
Drug-Induced Chronic Cholestasis
Drug-Induced Steatohepatitis and Hepatic Fibrosis
Drug-Induced Vascular Toxicity
Liver Tumors
89. Liver Disease Caused by Anesthetics, Chemicals, Toxins, and Herbal and Dietary Supplements
Anesthetic Agents
Chemicals
Metals
Drugs of Abuse
Botanical and Environmental Hepatotoxins
Vitamins
Herbal, Dietary, Weight-Loss, and Body-Building Supplements
90. Autoimmune Hepatitis
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical Features
Diagnosis and Classification
Treatment
LT
Prognosis
91. Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Natural History
Antimitochondrial Antibody-Negative Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Treatment
Management of Complications of Chronic Cholestasis
Liver Transplantation
92. Portal Hypertension and Variceal Bleeding
Normal Portal Circulation
Hemodynamic Principles of Portal Hypertension
Measurement of Portal Pressure
Detection of Varices
Causes of Portal Hypertension
Clinical Assessment
Treatment
TIPS
Management of Specific Causes of Portal Hypertension-Related Bleeding
93. Ascites and Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis
Pathogenesis of Ascites in Cirrhosis
Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis of Ascites
Prognosis
Complications of Ascites
Management of Ascites in Cirrhosis
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis
94. Hepatic Encephalopathy, Hepatorenal Syndrome, Hepatopulmonary Syndrome, and Other Systemic Complications of Liver Disease
Hepatic Encephalopathy
Hepatorenal Syndrome
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome and Portopulmonary Hypertension
Cirrhotic Cardiomyopathy
Endocrine Dysfunction
Bone Disease
Coagulation Disorders
95. Acute Liver Failure
Definition
Etiology and Epidemiology
Diagnosis
Clinical Features
Approach to Management
Prognosis
Liver Transplantation
Treatment of Complications
Extracorporeal Liver Support
96. Hepatic Tumors and Cysts
Malignant Tumors
Benign Tumors
Tumor-Like Hepatic Lesions
Hepatic Cysts
Approach to the Patient with AN Hepatic Mass
97. Liver Transplantation
Indications
Listing Criteria and Policies of the United Network for Organ Sharing
Contraindications
Transplant Evaluation and Listing
Disease-Specific Indications
Surgical Aspects
Immunosuppression
Postoperative Course
Long-Term Management
Part X. Small and Large Intestine
98. Anatomy, Histology, Embryology, and Developmental Anomalies of the Small and Large Intestine
Anatomy
Embryology
Abnormalities in Normal Embryologic Development
99. Small Intestinal Motor and Sensory Function and Dysfunction
Anatomy
Normal Small Intestinal Motor and Sensory Function
Integrated Control of Motility
Abnormal Motor and Sensory Function
Measurement of Small Intestinal Motility
Normal in Vivo small Intestinal Motility Patterns
Clinical Approach
Approach to Patients with Possible Small Intestinal Motor Dysfunction
100. Colonic Motor and Sensory Function and Dysfunction
Methods To Record Colonic Motility
Anatomy and Basic Control Mechanisms of the Colon and Anorectum
Innervation of the Colon
Anorectal Anatomy and Innervation
Relationships Between Cellular Events, Pressure, and Flow
Colonic and Anorectal Motor Patterns
Regulation of Colonic Filling and Transit
Defecation
Modulators of Colonic Motility
Disorders Of Colonic Motility
101. Intestinal Electrolyte Absorption and Secretion
Intestinal Architecture and Transport
Basic Epithelial Cell Model
Segmental Heterogeneity of Transport
Movement Across the Intestinal Epithelium
Tight and Leaky Epithelia
Transepithelial Transport
Transcellular Transport
Water Movement
Channels, Carriers, and Pumps
Ion Transporters
Extracellular Regulation: Microbial, Autocrine, Luminal, Paracrine, Immunologic, Neural, and Endocrine Systems (Malpines)
Systemic Effects
Osmotic Effects
Specific Regulatory Factors
Intracellular Mediators
Epithelial Regulation in Context
102. Digestion and Absorption of Carbohydrate, Protein, and Fat
An Overview of the Digestive Process
Nutrient Transporters
Carbohydrates
Fat
103. Digestion and Absorption of Micronutrients
Water-soluble vitamins
Fat-Soluble Vitamins
Minerals and Trace Elements
104. Maldigestion and Malabsorption
Etiology and Pathophysiology
Fats
Proteins and Amino Acids
Carbohydrates
Vitamins
Minerals
Mechanisms that Compensate for Malabsorption
Clinical Features and Evaluation
Malabsorption in Specific Situations and Disease States
General Approach to Management
105. Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth
Definition
Pathogenesis
Causes
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Treatment
106. Short Bowel Syndrome
Etiology
Incidence and Prevalence
Pathophysiology
Intestinal Adaptation to Resection
Medical Management
Home Parenteral Nutrition
Complications
Surgical Management
Pharmacologic Enhancement of Bowel Adaptation
Survival and Quality of Life
107. Celiac Disease
Definitions
History of Celiac Disease
Epidemiology
Pathology
Pathogenesis
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Nonresponsive Celiac Disease
Refractory Celiac Disease
Celiac Disease and Malignancy
Prognosis
Future Therapies
108. Tropical Diarrhea and Malabsorption
Infectious Diarrhea In The Tropics
Tropical Sprue
Other Diseases that May Cause Malabsorption in the Tropics
Approach To The Patient With Suspected Malabsorption
109. Whipple Disease
History
Epidemiology
Microbiology and Genomics
Pathogenesis and Immunology
Clinical Features
Pathology
Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Treatment and Prognosis
110. Infectious Enteritis and Proctocolitis
Susceptibility to Intestinal Infection
General Principles of Infectious Enteritis and Proctocolitis
Enterotoxigenic Pathogens
Invasive Pathogens
Sexually Transmitted Infectious Proctitis
Viral Pathogens
Travelers’ Diarrhea
Tuberculosis of the Intestinal Tract
Overview of Treatment
111. Food Poisoning
Approach to the Patient
Bacterial Food Poisoning
Fish Poisoning
Shellfish-Poisoning Syndromes
Mercury Poisoning
112. Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea and Clostridioides difficile Infection
Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea
Pseudomembranous Enterocolitis
113. Intestinal Protozoa
Entamoeba histolytica
Other Amebae That Infect the Human Intestine
Giardia intestinalis
Dientamoeba fragilis
Blastocystis hominis
Cryptosporidium Species
Cyclospora cayetanensis
Cytoisospora belli (Previously Isospora belli)
Microsporidia
Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas Disease or American Trypanosomiasis)
114. Intestinal Worms
Nematodes
Cestodes
Trematodes
115. Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Diagnosis of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Epidemiology
Etiology and Pathogenesis
Pathologic Features
Clinical Features
Differential Diagnosis of IBD
Establishing the Diagnosis in IBD
Measuring Disease Activity in IBD
116. Management of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Medical Therapy
Surgical Therapy
Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease –Related Complications
Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Special Situations
117. Ileostomies, Colostomies, Pouches, and Anastomoses
Configuration of An Ileostomy
Configuration of A Colostomy
Continent Ileostomy (Kock Pouch)
Anastomotic Dehiscence and The Ghost Ileostomy
Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis
Pathophysiologic Consequences of Proctocolectomy
Ostomy Complications and Management
Complications of Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis
Abdominal Colectomy and Ileorectal Anastomosis
Colostomy in the Management of Ulcerative Colitis
Risk-Benefit Analysis
118. Intestinal Ischemia
Anatomy of the Splanchnic Circulation
Pathophysiology and Pathology
Acute Mesenteric Ischemia
Outcomes
Mesenteric Venous Thrombosis
Focal Segmental Ischemia of the Small Intestine
Colonic Ischemia
Chronic Mesenteric Ischemia (Intestinal Angina)
Vasculitis and Angiopathy of the Splanchnic Circulation
119. Intestinal Ulcerations
Causes
Congenital Diseases
Coagulopathic Diseases
Inflammatory Diseases of Blood Vessels (Vasculitis)
Infectious Diseases
Neoplastic Diseases
Iatrogenic Injury and Pharmacologic Agents
Identifying Small Bowel Ulcers
120. Appendicitis
Historical Perspective
Epidemiology
Anatomy and Embryology
Pathology
Pathogenesis
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Complications
Treatment
Outcomes
Special Topics
121. Diverticular Disease of the Colon
Epidemiology
Pathology
Pathogenesis
Asymptomatic Diverticulosis
Symptomatic Uncomplicated Diverticular Disease
Diverticulitis
Segmental Colitis Associated with Diverticulosis
Diverticular Hemorrhage
122. Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Definitions
Clinical Features
Epidemiology
Risk Factors
Pathophysiology
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis
123. Intestinal Obstruction
Acute Small Bowel Obstruction
Chronic Small Bowel Obstruction
Large Bowel Obstruction
124. Ileus and Pseudo-Obstruction Syndromes
Ileus
Acute Colonic Pseudo-Obstruction
Chronic Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction
Megacolon and Megarectum
125. Tumors of the Small Intestine
Descriptive Epidemiology
Biology and Biochemical Changes
Risk Factors and Associated Conditions
Clinical Features
Adenocarcinoma
Other Primary Tumors of the Small Intestine
Mesenchymal Tumors
Lymphomas (see Chapter 32)
Secondary Tumors
126. Colonic Polyps and Polyposis Syndromes
Conventional Adenomas
Pathology
Sessile Serrasted Adenomas and Hyperplastic Polyps
Non-Neoplastic Polyps and Polypoid Lesions
Gastrointestinal Polyposis Syndromes
127. Colorectal Cancer
Epidemiology
Etiology
Biology
Familial colorectal cancer
Predisposing factors
Pathology
Natural history and staging
Prognosis
Clinical features
Diagnosis and screening
Treatment
Other malignant colonic tumors
128. Other Diseases of the Colon
Cathartic colon and the effect of laxatives on the colon
Chemical colitis
Colitis cystica profunda and Superficialis
Colon ulcers
Diversion colitis
Endometriosis
Malakoplakia
Microscopic Colitis(lymphocytic and collagenous)
Neutropenic enterocolitis (typhlitis)
Pneumatosis Coli (pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis)
129. Anal Diseases
Anatomy
Examination of the Anus and Rectum
Hemorrhoids
Anal Fissure
Abscesses and Fistulas
Anal Malignancies
Anal Warts
Pruritus Ani
Anal Stenosis
Unexplained Anal Pain
Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Pilonidal Disease
Part XI. Additional Treatments for Patients with Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease
130. Probiotics
Definition and Implications
Clinical Evidence OF Effect
Conclusions
131. Complementary, Alternative, and Integrative Medicine
Definition and Epidemiology
Types of Therapies
Demography of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Users
Rationale for use
Gastrointestinal Disorders Amenable to Complementary and Alternative Therapies
Medical Marijuana
Safety and Regulation of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Therapies
132. Palliative Care Medicine in Patients with Advanced Gastrointestinal and Hepatic Disease
What is palliative medicine?
Hospice versus Palliative Care
Exploring goals of care
Prognostication
Key prognostic variables and tools in Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease15-19
Common Themes in palliating gastrointestinal and hepatic diseases
Index

Life Sciences

Physical Sciences & Engineering

Social Sciences & Humanities

Health

Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease- 2 Volume Set

Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Management

Purchase options

Institutional subscription on ScienceDirect

Mark Feldman

Lawrence S. Friedman

Lawrence J. Brandt