Silk-Based Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering, Regenerative and Precision Medicine

2nd Edition - December 8, 2023
Editors: Subhas C. Kundu, Rui L. Reis
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 6 0 1 7 - 5
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 6 0 1 6 - 8

Silk-based Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering, Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Second Edition is a must-have reference, providing comprehensive coverage of silk-base… Read more

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Silk-based Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering, Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Second Edition is a must-have reference, providing comprehensive coverage of silk-based biomaterials and their importance in translational uses and biomedicine. This new edition considers the progress made in the past eight years, featuring many new chapters, including a discussion of cutting-edge fabrication methods and techniques, new and improved blends/composites, and an expanded range of applications in tissue engineering, regenerative and precision medicine. The book holistically reviews the types, structure and properties, processing methods, and specific biomedical applications for silk-based biomaterials.

This will be a vital resource for materials and tissue engineering scientists, R&D departments in industry and academia, and academics interested in biomaterials, regenerative, and precision medicine.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
List of contributors
About the editors
Foreword
Preface
Section I: Types of silk materials
Chapter 1. Historical silk biomaterials
Abstract
References
Chapter 2. Trends in silk biomaterials
Abstract
2.1 Introduction
2.2 General information about silkworms
2.3 Silk proteins
2.4 Engineering of matrices produced from fibroins and sericins
2.5 Biomedical applications of silk fibroin and sericin-based architectures
2.6 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 3. Processing of Bombyx mori silk biomaterials
Abstract
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Silk fibroin biomaterial design considerations
3.3 Biomedical applications using fibroin protein
3.4 Therapeutic opportunities for silk fibroin and fibroin derivatives
3.5 Future directions in fibroin biomaterial development
References
Chapter 4. Nonmulberry silk-based biomaterials: biomedical applications, current status, and future perspective
Abstract
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Diversity of nonmulberry silk
4.3 Typical life cycle of nonmulberry silkworms
4.4 Components of nonmulberry silk protein
4.5 Processing of nonmulberry silk protein: dissolution and regeneration of nonmulberry silk fibroin
4.6 Different processing formats of nonmulberry silk fibroin protein
4.7 Features of nonmulberry silk as a biomaterial
4.8 Biomedical applications of nonmulberry silk
4.9 Concluding remarks and prospects
Acknowledgments
Credit
References
Chapter 5. Structure and properties of spider and silkworm silks for tissue engineering and medicine
Abstract
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Silk fibers
5.3 Mechanical properties
5.4 Relationship between structure and properties
5.5 Biomimetic approaches
5.6 Some medical applications
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 6. Spider silk and blend biomaterials: recent advances and future opportunities
Abstract
6.1 Biomedically important properties of spider silk
6.2 Recombinant spider silk platforms
6.3 Variety of processable spider silk morphologies
6.4 Blend or composite materials
6.5 Biomaterial applications of spider silk and their blends
6.6 Commercial and clinical use of spider silk and blends
6.7 Conclusion and future outlook
References
Chapter 7. Artificial silk fibers as biomaterials and their applications in biomedicine
Abstract
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Artificial silk fibers
7.3 Application of artificial silk fibers in biomedicines
7.4 Conclusion and future trends
References
Section II: Processing methods and their utilizations
Chapter 8. Engineering enzymatic- and photo-crosslinked silk-based hydrogels for regenerative medicine
Abstract
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Physicochemical properties of silk fibroin and sericin
8.3 Crosslinking methods
8.4 Applications
8.5 Conclusions and future trends
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 9. Tunable silk matrices using ionic liquids and their biomedical applications
Abstract
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Dissolution of silk fibroin in ionic liquids
9.3 Development and characterization of silk fibroin–based architectures via ionic liquids
9.4 Biomedical applications of silk-based matrices
9.5 Conclusions and future trends
Acknowledgments
Nomenclature
References
Chapter 10. Silk protein–based smart hydrogels for biomedical applications
Abstract
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Variety and constituents of silk
10.3 Characteristics of silk suitable for smart hydrogel
10.4 Silk hydrogels
10.5 Smart silk hydrogels
10.6 Biomedical application of smart silk hydrogels
10.7 Limitations
10.8 Conclusion
Acknowledgement
References
Chapter 11. Microfibrillated silk and its potential applications
Abstract
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Natural silk’s hierarchical structure and natural fiber formation
11.3 Silk fibrils/nanofibers produced by top-down and bottom-up methods: key differences
11.4 Bottom-up processing of regenerated silk materials
11.5 Nanofiber dispersions: bottom-up formation using self-assembly from silk solution
11.6 Properties of regenerated nanofibers
11.7 Top-down fabrication of microfibrillated or nanofibrillated silk
11.8 Challenges of top-down approaches
11.9 Products and applications of exfoliated silk
11.10 Biomedical applications of fibrillated silk and regenerated silk nanofibers
11.11 Future outlook and potential
References
Chapter 12. Vascularization in porous silk fibroin as therapeutic biomaterials
Abstract
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Formation of new blood vessels in native tissues
12.3 Formation of new blood vessels in porous silk fibroin
12.4 Hypoxia and capillary growth behaviors in porous biomaterials
12.5 Fractal characteristics of the microvascular network in porous silk fibroin
12.6 Contributions of porous silk fibroin to tissue repair
12.7 Microenvironments in porous biomaterials and vascularization strategies
12.8 Conclusion
References
Chapter 13. Biodegradability of silk biomaterials
Abstract
13.1 Introduction
13.2 In vitro biodegradability of silk fibroin materials
13.3 In vivo biodegradability and inflammatory responses of silk fibroin materials
13.4 Biodegradability of sericin
13.5 Prospect
References
Chapter 14. Immune responses to silk proteins in vitro and in vivo: lessons learnt
Abstract
14.1 Introduction to silk: sources, structures, and properties
14.2 Immune responses to silk proteins in vitro and in vivo
14.3 Applications in vivo when harmonizing the immune system
14.4 Conclusions/lessons we learn
References
Section III: Forms of silk-based materials
Chapter 15. Recent trends in controlled drug delivery based on silk platforms
Abstract
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Silk biomaterial: structure, function, and applications
15.3 Silk-based platforms for drug delivery applications
15.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 16. Silk fibroin nanofibers and their blends for skin tissue engineering applications
Abstract
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Skin and wound healing
16.3 Silk proteins (sericin and fibroin)
16.4 Silk fibroin in tissue engineering
16.5 Silk fibroin–based scaffolds
16.6 Electrospinning
16.7 Silk fibroin–based fibrous scaffolds for dermal wound-healing applications
16.8 Silk fibroin–based fibrous scaffolds in clinical trials of wound healing
16.9 Silk fibroin–based fibrous scaffolds for other tissue healing applications
16.10 Limitations and future prospective
References
Chapter 17. Three-dimensional bioprinting using silk biomaterial ink: where we are trying to move?
Abstract
17.1 Overview
17.2 Rheology of silk fibroin as bioink material
17.3 Strategies for utilizing silk fibroin–based bioinks
17.4 Photocrosslinking of silk fibroin
17.5 Sil-MA bioinks for three-dimensional bioprinting: applications
17.6 Enhancement of cell viability in silk fibroin–based bioink
17.7 Summary and future perspectives
Acknowledgment
References
Section IV: Specific biomedical applications
Chapter 18. Three-dimensional bioprinting of articular cartilage using silk fibroin–gelatin bioink
Abstract
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Biology of articular cartilage: why is it a challenge to recreate it?
18.3 Types of bioprinting: what works for articular tissue?
18.4 Selection of cells: the building blocks to develop cartilage
18.5 Growth factors: the mediators of chondrogenesis
18.6 Silk fibroin–gelatin bioink: preparation and important considerations
18.7 Conclusion and future perspectives
References
Chapter 19. Silk biomaterials for tendon and tendon-to-bone enthesis tissue engineering
Abstract
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Tendinopathies: current therapies and limitations
19.3 Tissue engineering for tendon and enthesis repair
19.4 Silk and silk fibroin in tendon tissue engineering
19.5 Silk composites for tendon tissue engineering
19.6 Silk biomaterials for enthesis repair
19.7 Conclusions
References
Chapter 20. Silk for cardiac tissue engineering
Abstract
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Current therapies and their limitations
20.3 Potential strategies to treat heart disease
20.4 Specific requirements for cardiac tissue engineering
20.5 Silk proteins for cardiac tissue engineering
20.6 Silk for engineering a vasculature
20.7 In vivo application postmyocardial infarction
20.8 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 21. Silk scaffolds for tissue engineering in dentistry
Abstract
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Clinical challenges in dentistry
21.3 From tooth development to regeneration
21.4 Tissue engineering approaches in dentistry
21.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 22. Silk protein: an emerging biomaterial for tumor modeling
Abstract
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Cancer and carcinogenesis
22.3 In vitro tumor modeling: bridging the gap between theory and clinical applications
22.4 Silk as a unique biomaterial in tissue engineering applications
22.5 Future trends toward developing silk protein–based microphysiological systems
Acknowdegements
References
Chapter 23. Cellular interaction with sericin: a basis for noncommunicable and infectious diseases
Abstract
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Sericin: structure, properties, and processing methods
23.3 Safety assessment of silk sericin (in vitro and in vivo aspects)
23.4 Sericin and its recent application in the biomedical field (briefly)
23.5 Interaction of cell to sericin
23.6 The application of sericin for noncommunicable diseases
23.7 The application of sericin for infectious diseases
23.8 A chance for the structural modification of silk sericin
23.9 Conclusion
References
Chapter 24. Assembling silk into nanomedicines
Abstract
24.1 The long road to nanomedicines
24.2 Nanomedicines and polymers
24.3 The silk biopolymer
24.4 Processing silk
24.5 Silk nanoparticle manufacture
24.6 Nanomedicine: silk nanoparticles
24.7 Conclusion
References
Section V: Microfluidics and bioelectronics
Chapter 25. Microfluidic engineering of silk fibroin biomaterial
Abstract
25.1 Introduction
25.2 Silk fibroin hydrogel-based microfluidics
25.3 Microfluidics as a biofabrication tool of silk fibroin biomaterial
25.4 Future perspectives in silk fibroin microfluidic devices: toward in vivo implantation
25.5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 26. Silk proteins for bioelectronic devices in healthcare
Abstract
26.1 Introduction
26.2 Forms of silk proteins in biodevices
26.3 Silk proteins and their composites as active components in bioelectronics
26.4 Exemplary applications of silk proteins in healthcare
26.5 Outlook for the use of silk proteins in healthcare
26.6 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 27. Silk proteins toward optical and electrical devices
Abstract
27.1 Silk material properties for device fabrication
27.2 Silk-based optical devices
27.3 Silk-based electrical devices
27.4 Perspective
References
Further reading
Section VI: Transnational research
Chapter 28. Translation of a silk-based medical device from bench to bedside
Abstract
28.1 Introduction
28.2 Regulatory framework
28.3 Device classification
28.4 Design and development
28.5 Risk management
28.6 Biological evaluation
28.7 Process validation and performance testing
28.8 Sterilization
28.9 Pilot clinical trial
28.10 Conclusion
Standards
Conflict of interest
References
Index

Subhas C. Kundu

Subhas C. Kundu, PhD, is a Research Coordinator and former European Research Area Chair and Professor at the 3B´s Research Group, I3Bs – Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of the University of Minho, Portugal. His research interests include silk biomaterial matrices for biomedical applications, including 3D in vitro cancer models for investigating tumour growth and progression. In addition, he is using natural-based biomaterials for 3D cancer modelling and drug screening.

Affiliations and expertise

Research Coordinator and former European Research Area Chair, 3B´s Research Group, I3Bs, Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Portugal

Rui L. Reis

Rui L. Reis, PhD, DSc, Hon. Causa MD, Hon Causa PhD, FBSE, FTERM, Dean of I3Bs - Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Founding Director of the 3B’s Research Group, and Director of the PT Government ICVS/3B´s Associate Laboratory. He is the CEO of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. He was the Global President of the Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine International Society (TEMIS) and the former editor-in-chief of the Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. He received several major international awards and is the Associated Editor of PNAS Nexus. He is the chair of the Fellows of all the international societies on biomaterials sciences and engineering (FBSE). His research interest is tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, biomaterials and, increasingly, the development of 3D tissue-engineered disease models for the next generation of high-throughput predictive clinical tools, namely using living optical fibres based on the combination of living cells and hydrogels for the better understanding and optimizing of biomaterial/cell interactions.

Affiliations and expertise

Dean, I3Bs, Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; Founding Director, 3B’s Research Group; Director, PT Government ICVS/3B´s Associate Laboratory.

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