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Silicon Carbide Technology for Advanced Human Healthcare Applications

1st Edition - July 13, 2022

Editor: Stephen E. Saddow

Paperback ISBN:

9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 0 6 0 9 - 8

eBook ISBN:

9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 0 8 2 6 - 9

After over two decades of focused research and development, silicon carbide (SiC) is now ready for use in the healthcare sector and Silicon Carbide Technology for Advanced Human… Read more

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After over two decades of focused research and development, silicon carbide (SiC) is now ready for use in the healthcare sector and Silicon Carbide Technology for Advanced Human Healthcare Applications provides an up-to-date assessment of SiC devices for long-term human use. It explores a plethora of applications that SiC is uniquely positioned for in human healthcare, beginning with the three primary areas of technology which are closest to human trials and thus adoption in the healthcare industry: neural implants and spinal cord repair, graphene and biosensors, and finally deep tissue cancer therapy using SiC nanotechnology. Biomedical-inspired engineers, scientists, and healthcare professionals will find this book to be very useful in two ways: (I) as a guide to new ways to design and develop advanced medical devices and (II) as a reference for new developments in the field. The book’s intent is to stimulate ideas for further technological enhancements and breakthroughs, which will provide alternative solutions for human healthcare applications.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Dedication
List of contributors
Foreword
Preface
In memoriam
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1. Recent advances in SiC biomedical devices: Healthcare applications
1. Introduction
2. Silicon carbide material synthesis and properties
3. SiC biosensors
4. SiC nanotechnology
5. SiC implants
6. Summary
Chapter 2. Silicon carbide as a highly permissive surface for neural stem cells
1. Introduction
2. In vitro biocompatibility of DP-NSC with 3C–SiC
3. Si/3C–SiC substrate influence on mitochondrial activity
4. Summary
Chapter 3. Graphene on SiC: platform for spinal cord repair studies
1. Introduction
2. Graphene as a neural interface
3. Graphene on SiC for nerve regeneration
4. Summary
Chapter 4. SiC protective coating for photovoltaic retinal prostheses
1. Introduction
2. Design and fabrication of a retinal prosthesis
3. The degradation of a retinal prosthesis without a-SiC coating in vivo
4. Deposition methods of a-SiC
5. Dissolution rates of dielectric coatings using accelerated aging tests
6. Defect analysis of a retinal prosthesis after chronic implantation in vivo
7. a-SiC as part of the antireflective coating
8. Summary
Chapter 5. A monolithic “all-SiC” neural interface for long-term human applications
1. Introduction
2. Monolithic 4H–SiC neural interfaces
3. Monolithic 3C–SiC neural interfaces
4. Summary
Chapter 6. The development of a fully MRI-compatible silicon carbide neural interface
1. Introduction
2. MRI safety
3. Magnetic perturbation and MRI imaging artifacts
4. Simulations and experiments
5. MRI experiments
6. MRI compatibility simulations and experiments
7. Summary
Chapter 7. Ultrathin neural interfaces constructed from carbon and amorphous silicon carbide
1. Introduction
2. Fabrication process and methods
3. Results and discussion
4. Summary
Chapter 8. A silicon carbide electrochemical sensor for glucose detection
1. Introduction
2. SiC for biomedical applications
3. SiCNPs-based electrochemical glucose sensor
4. Summary
Chapter 9. Manufacturable biosensors based on graphene films
1. Introduction
2. The use of copper-based sacrificial layers
3. Surface functionalization
4. Plasma functionalization
5. Conclusions
Chapter 10. Antimicrobial properties of SiC nanostructures and coatings
1. Introduction
2. Synthesis of SiC coatings and nanostructures for biomedical applications
3. Interaction mechanisms between microorganisms and SiC nanostructured surfaces
4. Antimicrobial properties of SiC nanostructures and coatings
5. Applications of SiC in modern biomedicine
6. Summary
Index

Stephen E. Saddow

Dr. Stephen E. Saddow is currently a Professor of Electrical Engineering and Medical Engineering, both departments in the College of Engineering at the University of South Florida (USF), Tampa. In 2020, he was appointed as a visiting researcher in the Molecular Imaging Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD to facilitate the development of SiC-based nanoparticles to treat deep tissue cancer using near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT). He is also a visiting scientist in the Elettra synchrotron light source in Trieste, Italy (BEAR beamline). He was elected Fellow of the AIMBE and is a senior member of both the IEEE and National Academy of Inventors. His group has demonstrated the compatibility of SiC and graphene to numerous cell lines in vitro and to the central nervous system of wild-type mice to cubic SiC (3C-SiC) in vivo. Studies include the MRI compatibility of 3C-SiC for neural probe applications as well as the ability to noninvasively detect changes in patient glucose levels without the need of needles that require frequent swap-out. The hemocompatibility of 3C-SiC has been established leading to the demonstration that 3C-SiC passed all phases of ISO-10993 testing, which is necessary to secure FDA approval for human clinical trials. He holds several patents relating to SiC biomedical devices, such as implantable glucose sensors and neural implants. He has more than 150 publications on SiC materials and devices and has edited two books on this topic: 'Silicon Carbide Biotechnology: A Biocompatible Semiconductor for Advanced Biomedical Devices and Applications' (Elsevier, 2012) and 'Silicon Carbide Biotechnology: A Biocompatible Semiconductor for Advanced Biomedical Devices and Applications, Second Edition' (Elsevier, 2016). His research interests include the development of advanced biomedical devices for human healthcare applications where he works at the nexus of material and biological science to engineer long-term, in vivo medical devices based on silicon carbide and its derivatives.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor, College of Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA