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Shield Construction Techniques in Tunneling
- 1st Edition - February 5, 2021
- Authors: Kui Chen, Jiangka Wang, Shengjun Jiao
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 0 1 2 7 - 5
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 0 1 2 8 - 2
Shield Construction Techniques in Tunnelling presents the latest on this fast, environmentally-friendly and relatively safe construction technique, reflecting on its technical… Read more
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Request a sales quoteShield Construction Techniques in Tunnelling presents the latest on this fast, environmentally-friendly and relatively safe construction technique, reflecting on its technical risks and challenges as seen in China. Sections introduce the type of shields, the history of the technique, shielding principles, selection, management, the latest techniques in operation, consider engineering cases, discuss construction in gravel, soft-soil, composite, and rock strata, and present video clips of construction that are accessible through QR codes embedded in the text. The book combines theory and practical experience, giving the reader unique insights into shield equipment and construction techniques.
The shield tunneling technique is being used very widely, particularly in China, which is building urban-rail transit systems at an unparalleled scale and speed. The use of tunneling-shields provides a fast, relatively-safe, and ecologically-friendly method for the construction of tunnels. However, a number of incidents have shown the risks involved in tunnelling through geologically complex areas.
- Gives the principles and practice of shield construction techniques, including shield selection and operation
- Demonstrates the latest technologies in shield construction that can be applied in practice
- Reflects on the technical risks and challenges of shield construction, based on extensive use of the technique for tunnel construction in China
- Discusses challenges in construction in gravel, soft-soil, composite and rock strata
- Provides engineers with applicable insights into shield equipment and construction techniques
Engineers working in shield design, tunnel construction, tunnel engineering management; those researching and teaching tunnel construction techniques. Researchers and graduate students working in civil engineering, particularly on tunnel construction; Those interested in civil engineering projects in China and the wider region
Chapter 1: Introduction to shield machines1.1 Shield machine and its working principles1.2 Classification of shield machine1.2.1 Classifications according to excavation face1.2.2 Classifications according to boring diameter1.2.3 Classifications according to the supporting method of excavation face1.2.4 Classification according to the structure between excavation face and the bulkhead of working chamber1.3 Introduction of typical shield machines1.3.1 Open-type shield machine1.3.2 Compressed air shield1.3.3 Slurry shield1.3.4 Earth pressure balanced shield1.3.5 Composited shield machine1.3.6 Earth pressure balanced shield machine for composited groundQuestions
Chapter 2: Development and applications of shield machines2.1 The origin and development of shield machines2.1.1 The origin of shield machines2.1.2 The development of circular shield machines2.1.3 The development of slurry shields2.1.4 The usage of compressed air2.1.5 The development of mechanized shield machines2.1.6 The development of the first German shield machine2.1.7 The development and application of slurry shield machines2.1.8 The development of earth pressure balanced shields2.1.9 The development of composited shield machines2.2 The development and application of shield machines in China2.2.1 The development and application of hand-dug shield machines2.2.2 The development and application of grid extrusion shield machines2.2.3 The development and application of blade shield machines2.2.4 The introduction of shield machines in China2.2.5 The “863” program of China for EPB shield machines2.2.6 Characteristics of shield machine application in China2.2.7 The gap with foreign countries2.3 Industrial model of shield machine2.4 The development tendency of shield machines2.4.1 Microminiaturization and superupsizing2.4.2 The variety of shield types and shapes2.4.3 High degree of automation2.4.4 High adaptability2.5 New technology of shielded method construction2.5.1 Diameter-expanding shielded construction method2.5.2 Spherical shielded construction method2.5.3 Multicircle shielded construction method2.5.4 H&V shielded construction method2.5.5 Variant-section shielded construction method2.5.6 Eccentric multishaft shielded construction method2.5.7 Mechanical shield docking technology (MSD method)2.5.8 Underwater civil docking technology of shield machines2.5.9 Compressed air intervention technology2.6 The development directions of shield machine technology2.6.1 The serialization of earth pressure balanced shield2.6.2 Full popularization and application of composited shields2.6.3 The development and applications of superlarge diameter slurry shields2.6.4 Development and application of multifunctional dual-mode shield machines2.7 Shield machine market prospects2.7.1 The characteristics of the Chinese shield machine market2.7.2 Existing problems in the development of the shield machine industry2.7.3 The analysis of shield machine market prospectsQuestions
Chapter 3: Introduction to shield construction method3.1 The main methods of tunnel construction3.2 Basic concept of shield construction method3.3 The main technical features of shield method3.4 The advantages and disadvantages of shield method3.5 Adaptation range of shield method3.5.1 The applicability to the geologic and environmental conditions3.5.2 Application range of large diameter shield machines3.5.3 Application range of medium diameter shield machines3.5.4 Application range of small diameter shields3.6 The development history of shield method tunnel abroad3.7 The development history of shield method tunnel in China3.7.1 The early shield machine in China3.7.2 The development and application of shield method technology in the 1960 and 1970s3.7.3 The progress and development of shield method technology in the 1980s3.7.4 The development of shield method technology in the 1990s3.8 Introduction of typical shield construction method3.8.1 Slurry shield construction method3.8.2 EPB shield construction method3.8.3 Special shield construction method
Chapter 4: Shield machine type selection4.1 Overview4.1.1 The “types” of shield machines4.1.2 The “machine types” of shield machines4.1.3 “Operation mode” of shield machine4.1.4 “Forms” of shield machine4.2 Principles of shield machine type selection4.3 The basis of shield machine type selection4.4 Main steps of shield machine type selection4.5 Main methods of shield machine type selection4.5.1 Selection according to the permeability coefficient of the strata4.5.2 Selection according to the particle size distribution of the strata4.5.3 Selection according to the underground water pressure4.5.4 Special factors that shall be considered for type selection4.6 Selection of shield machine forms4.6.1 EPB shield4.6.2 Slurry shields4.6.3 Hand-dug shield machines4.6.4 Semimechanical shield machines4.6.5 Mechanical shield machines4.6.6 Extrusion shield machines4.7 Cutting wheel structure form selection4.7.1 Main functions of a cutting wheel4.7.2 Structures of cutting wheel4.8 Types of cutting tools and rock-breaking mechanism4.8.1 Types of cutting tools4.8.2 Rock-breaking mechanism of cutting tools4.9 Cutting wheel drive mode selection4.10 Calculations of main technical parameters4.10.1 Outer diameter of shield machine4.10.2 Cutting wheel boring diameter4.10.3 Shield length4.10.4 The weight of shield machines4.10.5 Thrust force of shield machine4.10.6 Cutting wheel torque4.10.7 Main drive power4.10.8 Propulsion system power4.10.9 Capacity of synchronous grouting system4.10.10 Slurry transportation system4.11 Selection of construction auxiliary equipmentQuestionsReferences
Chapter 5: The construction of shield tunnel shafts5.1 General requirements for shield tunnel shaft5.1.1 Shield machine launching shaft5.1.2 Shield machine receiving shaft5.1.3 Intermediate shaft5.2 The construction method of shield machine shafts5.3 Open caisson shaft construction method5.3.1 Caisson structure5.3.2 Characteristics of open caisson construction method5.3.3 Dry excavation open caisson5.3.4 Undrained open caisson5.3.5 Pneumatic caisson construction method5.4 Construction method of retaining shaft5.4.1 Steel sheet pile enclosure construction shaft5.4.2 Construction shaft by column piles building envelope5.4.3 Shafts constructed by underground diaphragm wall building envelope5.5 Example of vertical shaft engineeringQuestions
Chapter 6: Shield method tunnel construction6.1 Site assembly and commissioning of shield machines6.1.1 Assembly and commissioning of shield machines6.1.2 Installation of launching cradle6.1.3 Sequences of shield machine assembly6.1.4 General requirements of shield machine assembly6.1.5 Key points of shield machine assembly6.1.6 Commissioning of shield machine6.2 Site acceptance of shield machine6.3 Technologies for shield machine launching6.3.1 Flow chart of shield machine launching6.3.2 End shaft stratum reinforcement6.3.3 Breaking of the portal6.3.4 Portal sealing6.3.5 Building blind rings6.3.6 Key points of launching6.4 Advance technologies of an EPB machine6.4.1 Construction flowchart of EPB tunneling6.4.2 Principle for advance management6.4.3 Advance in EPB condition6.4.4 Advance modes of an EPB machine6.4.5 Steering of shield machine6.5 The tunneling technology of a slurry machine6.5.1 The principle of a slurry machine6.5.2 Key points for slurry machine tunneling management6.5.3 Management of advance parameters6.5.4 Management of slurry pressure6.5.5 Slurry circuit system6.5.6 Slurry separation technology6.6 Ring building technology6.6.1 Preparation6.6.2 Ring building procedures6.6.3 Ring building control standard6.7 Back grout filling technology6.7.1 The purpose and method for back grout filling6.7.2 Parameter control of synchronized grouting6.7.3 Grouting material6.8 Construction measurement6.8.1 Cross-check survey6.8.2 Tunnel environment monitoring6.8.3 Tunnel structure monitoring6.8.4 Measurement for shield machine advancing6.8.5 Breakthrough measurement6.8.6 Completion survey6.9 Technologies for compressed air intervention6.9.1 Structure of manlock6.9.2 Key points of working in excavation chamber under pressure6.9.3 Safety precautions during pressurizing and working under pressure6.9.4 Disease prevention measures during decompression6.10 Inspection and replacement of cutting tools6.10.1 Key points of cutter inspection and replacement6.10.2 Preparation for tool replacement6.10.3 Procedure for tool change under atmospheric pressure6.10.4 Key notes for tool change under pressure6.10.5 Cutting tool wear monitoring6.10.6 Types of disc cutter damage6.10.7 Inspection of disc cutter6.10.8 Replacement of disc cutter6.10.9 Disc cutter change under pressure for EPB machines6.10.10 Compressed air intervention for slurry machine6.11 Construction in special sections and special geologic conditions6.11.1 Key points of construction in special sections and geologic conditions6.11.2 Targeted construction measures for special sections and geologic conditions6.12 Underground docking technology6.12.1 Mechanical docking methods6.12.2 Docking method with auxiliary reinforcement6.13 Waterproof technologies of tunnel construction6.13.1 Waterproof standard for mechanized tunnels6.13.2 Waterproof of segments6.13.3 Waterproofing of segment joints6.13.4 Waterproofing of handholes of segment6.13.5 Waterproofing of communication channel6.13.6 Waterproofing of special locations6.14 U-turn technology of shield machines6.14.1 Key points of shield machine U-turn operation6.14.2 Procedure for shield machine U-turn by extension pipelines6.14.3 Procedure for shield machine U-turn without extension pipelines6.14.4 Example of shield machine’s U-turn6.15 Shield machine arrival technology6.15.1 Shield machine arrival construction procedure6.15.2 Main contents of shield machine arrival construction6.15.3 Preparation for shield machine arrival6.15.4 Construction key points of shield machine arrival6.15.5 Recheck and measure at arrival position6.15.6 Shield machine tunneling at arrival section6.15.7 Installation of receiving base and pushing of shield machine onto receiving cradle6.15.8 Closure of portal ring6.16 Secondary lining construction technology6.16.1 Secondary lining of shield tunnel6.16.2 Secondary cast concrete equipment6.16.3 Mold trolley positioning, concrete pouring, and demolding6.16.4 Main technical measures for lining construction6.16.5 Key points of safe construction6.17 Disassembly and packing of shield machine6.17.1 General provisions6.17.2 Preparation before shield machine disassembly6.17.3 Disassembly of shield machine6.17.4 Shield machine packing6.18 Safety and health of shield construction6.18.1 Disaster prevention6.18.2 Countermeasures and first aid measures in emergency situations6.18.3 Protection and maintenance of working environment6.18.4 Compressed air management6.19 Environmental protection for shield construction6.19.1 Environmental protection characteristics of shield tunneling6.19.2 Implementation steps of environmental protection6.19.3 Environmental impact factors and countermeasuresQuestionsReferences
Chapter 7: Geotechnical problems of shield construction7.1 Introduction7.2 Stability issues of shield tunneling working face7.2.1 Overview7.2.2 Stability of slurry shield excavation face7.2.3 Stability of EPB shield excavation face7.2.4 Stability of excavation face under special conditions7.3 Geotechnical problems in shield tunneling7.3.1 Stratum deformation caused by shield tunneling7.3.2 Shield method construction and factors affecting stratum settlement7.3.3 The development process of ground surface upheaval and settlement7.3.4 Analysis of main settlement control factors in shield tunneling7.3.5 Main technical links of shield construction7.3.6 Measures to reduce stratum loss7.3.7 Stratum and buildings’ upheaval and settlement control7.3.8 Construction measures for shield machines crossing rivers7.3.9 Construction measures for shield machine crossingbuildings (structures)7.3.10 Construction measures for shield machines in mixed ground7.4 Deformation and fluidity of soil layers under the tunnel7.4.1 Soil mass deformation7.4.2 Liquidity of soil mass7.5 Geotechnical problems of shield machine exit/entry sections7.5.1 Bad end reinforcement7.5.2 Instability when breaking the portal7.5.3 Shield machine “sinking” after launching7.5.4 Bad sealing effect of the portal7.5.5 Insufficient reinforcement length of end soil mass7.6 Soil mass reinforcement technology7.6.1 Rotary spray reinforcement7.6.2 Deep mixing reinforcement7.6.3 Freezing method constructionQuestions
Chapter 8: Tunnel lining structure and construction8.1 Tunnel lining structure8.1.1 Forms of tunnel section8.1.2 Composition of tunnel lining8.2 Primary lining8.2.1 Assembled segment lining8.2.2 Extruded concrete lining8.3 Secondary lining8.4 The structure of segments8.4.1 Composition of segment ring8.4.2 The partition of segment ring8.4.3 Segment width and thickness8.4.4 Segment joints8.4.5 Force transmission gasket8.4.6 Elastic gasket and corner waterproofing8.5 Segment design8.5.1 Design ideas8.5.2 Design considerations8.5.3 Segment design principles8.5.4 Load calculation8.5.5 Earthquake resistance demonstration8.5.6 Design method8.5.7 Design considerationsQuestions
Chapter 9: The technology of segment fabrication9.1 The allocation of resources9.1.1 The organization chart9.1.2 Quality management system9.1.3 Fabrication and testing equipment9.2 Preparation work before fabrication9.2.1 Fabrication workshop9.2.2 Mixing proportion design9.3 Main raw materials and standards9.4 The production technology of segments9.4.1 Rebar cage fabrication9.4.2 Segment fabrication9.4.3 Segment preservation, storage, and transportationQuestions
Chapter 10: The management and applications of shield machines (TBM)10.1 The management of shield machines (TBM)10.1.1 The scope of management10.1.2 The organization of management10.1.3 Site management10.1.4 Post responsibilities10.1.5 Post performance assessment10.1.6 Technical training10.2 The use of shield machine (TBM) equipment10.2.1 Composition of construction organization plan10.2.2 Safety operating requirements10.2.3 Operation of shield machine10.3 Shield machine (TBM) maintenance and repair10.3.1 General rules10.3.2 Oil and water monitoring and condition monitoring10.3.3 Daily maintenance of shield machine10.3.4 Regular maintenance of shield machine10.3.5 Cutter maintenance of shield machine (TBM)10.3.6 Maintenance of major components and systems of shield machine10.3.7 Maintenance on key components and systems of hardrock TBMQuestions
- No. of pages: 588
- Language: English
- Edition: 1
- Published: February 5, 2021
- Imprint: Woodhead Publishing
- Paperback ISBN: 9780128201275
- eBook ISBN: 9780128201282
KC
Kui Chen
Professor-level, Senior Engineer, National Constructor, and Executive Deputy Director of the National Key Laboratory of Shield and Tunnelling Techniques. He is Adjunct Professor of Shijiazhuang Railway University, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, and Henan University of Science and Technology. He has run numerous national projects in China, and collaborated internationally. He is one of the founders of the shield industry in the country. He was awarded first prize from the National Science and Technology Progress Awards for his work in the area, and is a leader in the field.
Affiliations and expertise
Professor-level, Senior Engineer, National Constructor; Executive Deputy Director, National Key Laboratory of Shield and Tunnelling Techniques, ChinaJW
Jiangka Wang
Born in 1975, Jiangka Wang, male, is master of architecture and civil engineering from Lanzhou Jiaotong University, professor-level senior engineer, national-level registered construction engineer, China Railway expert, who enjoys the special allowance of the State Council government and is Wuxi city model worker. He is now the deputy commander of the Guangzhou Rail Transit Project Command of China Railway and the project manager of Line 13 of the Guangzhou Rail Transit Project of China Railway. He is mainly engaged in shield construction and management of urban rail transit projects, and has won 5 national science and technology innovation awards, 2 provincial and ministerial science and technology innovation awards, 5 China Railway Science and Technology Innovation Awards, 1 utility model patent and 7 invention patents. He has participated in the construction of rail transit in Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Dongguan, Foshan, Shanghai, Beijing, Chengdu, Wuxi, Nanjing, Xiamen, Dalian and other cities, and has published more than 10 theses and participated in 2 national standards. He has authored academic works such as Key Technology of TBM Construction, Key Technology of Shield Construction, Design and Construction of Shield, China Shield, China Tunnel, China Bridge, China High Speed Rail, China Metro, Design and Construction of TBM, and Key Technology of Shield and Excavation.
Affiliations and expertise
Professor Senior Engineer, Deputy of China Railway Group Limited Guangzhou Rail Transit Engineering Headquarters, Guangzhou, ChinaSJ
Shengjun Jiao
Shengjun Jiao graduated in management science and engineering from Xi'an Jiaotong University. He is registered consulting (investment) engineer, registered tenderer, member of the National Steering Committee for Surveying and Mapping Geo-Information Vocational Education, and member of the China Railway Engineering Professional Steering Committee. As president of Shaanxi Railway Institute, he has presided over the construction of the national resource bank of "underground and tunnel engineering technology" and won the second prize of the Chinese teaching achievements.
Affiliations and expertise
President of Shaanxi Railway Institute, Shaanxi, ChinaRead Shield Construction Techniques in Tunneling on ScienceDirect