SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Innovate. Sustain. Transform.
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The last decade has seen a huge amount of change in the area of sexually transmitted infection control and prevention, including the development of high-profile vaccines for… Read more
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
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Contributors
Foreword
Part I: Epidemiology, Physiology, and Immunology
Chapter 1. Global Epidemiology of Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Introduction
Human Immunodeficiency Viruses
Genital Herpes
Cytomegalovirus
Epstein–Barr Virus
Human Herpesvirus 8 (Hhv8)
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis Delta
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis A
Human PapillomaVirus Infection
Chlamydia
Syphilis
Gonorrhea
The Tropical Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Trichomoniasis
References
Chapter 2. The Genital Tract: Anatomical, Developmental, and Microbiological Factors Affecting Sexually Transmitted Disease Acquisition
Introduction
Anatomy of the Female Genital Tract
Blood Supply to and Lymphatic Drainage of the Female Reproductive Tract
Anatomy of the Male Genital Tract: Genitalia
Genital Tract Infections
References
Chapter 3. Mucosal Immunity in the Human Reproductive Tract: Balancing Reproductive Potential with Protection against Sexually Transmitted Pathogens
Introduction
Biology of the Female Reproductive Tract
Innate Immunity in the Female Reproductive Tract
Adaptive Immunity in the Female Reproductive Tract
Mucosal Immunity to Sexually Transmitted Pathogens
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Chlamydia trachomatis
Candida albicans
Immunology of the Male Reproductive Tract
Summary
Acknowledgements
References
Part II: Strategies for Prevention and Control
Chapter 4. Contextual Factors Associated with Sexually Transmitted Infections
Introduction
Sexually Transmitted Infection Risk
Prevention and Treatment Strategies
Psychosocial Impact
Conclusions
References
Chapter 5. Abstinence and Curricular Approaches to Sexually Transmitted Infection Prevention for Adolescents
Introduction
Abstinence, Sex, and Adolescent Development
Abstinence as a Strategy to Prevent Sexually Transmitted Infections
Abstinence-Only Sex Education
Comprehensive Sex Education
Support for Abstinence in the Context of Comprehensive Programs
Conclusions
References
Chapter 6. Male Circumcision: A Tool for Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Introduction
Prevalence of Male Circumcision
Male Circumcision Reduces Urinary Tract Infections
Male Circumcision Reduces Penile Inflammatory Disorders
Male Circumcision for HIV Prevention Among Heterosexual Men
Male Circumcision for Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Prevention
Male Circumcision for HPV Prevention
Male Circumcision and Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Male Circumcision for Sexually Transmitted Disease Prevention Among Men Who have Sex with Men
Male Circumcision and HIV Transmission to Female Partners
Male Circumcision and Human Papillomavirus Among Female Partners
Male Circumcision Prevents Bacterial Vaginosis and Trichomoniasis Among Female Partners
The Biological Plausibility of Male Circumcision for Reduction of Viral Sexually Transmitted Diseases
The Risks of Male Circumcision
Cost-Effectiveness and Policy Implications
Conclusions
References
Chapter 7. Issues in Men’s Reproductive Health
Introduction
Epidemiology of Common Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Men
Reproductive Health Issues Among Special Subgroups of Men
Historical Perspective of Men’s Reproductive Healthcare
Barriers and Facilitators of Access to Reproductive Healthcare for Men
Prevention Strategies for Men
Conclusion
References
Chapter 8. Physical Barrier Methods: Acceptance, Use, and Effectiveness
Introduction
The Turbulent Social History of the Male Condom
Manufacture of Male Condoms, Sizes, and International Standards
Condom Breakage and Slippage
Biological MaRkers of Condom Failure
Condoms for Reducing the Risk of Specific Sexually Transmitted Infections
Female Condoms
Diaphragms
Conclusions
References
Chapter 9. Topical Microbicides for Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Sexually Transmitted Disease Prevention
Introduction
Non-Antiretroviral Microbicides
Antiretroviral Microbicides: Tenofovir Gel
Rectal Microbicides
Antiretroviral Microbicides: Rings and Other Formulations
Future Directions – Topical Microbicides in Context
References
Chapter 10. Topical Microbicide Acceptability
What are Microbicides?
What is Acceptability and Why is it Important?
How Does Adherence Differ from Acceptability?
A Review of the Acceptability Literature
Future Directions
Conclusions
References
Chapter 11. STD Vaccine Acceptability in Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Introduction
Acceptability of Sexually Transmitted Infection Vaccines
Acceptance/Uptake of Sexually Transmitted Infection Vaccines
International Perspectives
Strategies for Improving Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Rates in the USA
Risk Compensation
Future Directions
Conclusion
References
Part III: Pathogens and Vaccines
Chapter 12. Genital and Perinatal Herpes Simplex Virus Infections
Disease Manifestations of Genital and Perinatal Herpes
Epidemiology of Genital and Perinatal Herpes
Expected Impact of an Effective Vaccine
Microbiology
Immunology/Immunobiology of Infection
Strategies for Control of Genital and Perinatal HSV Infections
HSV Vaccine Development: An Overview
Future Prospects
References
Chapter 13. The Epidemiology and Control of Human Papillomavirus Infection and Clinical Disease
Introduction
Virology and Pathogenesis of HPV Infection
Epidemiology of HPV Infection
Serological Responses to HPV
Epidemiology of HPV-Associated Disease
Prophylactic Vaccination Against HPV Infection
Summary
References
Chapter 14. Hepatitis B Virus Infection
Introduction
Structure of Hepatitis B Virus
Immune Responses and Serological Diagnosis
Epidemiology
The Carrier State
Diagnosis
Protection Against Hepatitis B
Prevention by Immunization
Non-Response to Hepatitis B Vaccines
Hepatitis B Antibody Escape Mutants
The Immune Response and Some Unresolved Issues
HBV Precore and Other Mutants
Treatment of Hepatitis B
References
Chapter 15. Chlamydia
Clinical Characteristics
Trachoma
Sexually Transmitted Infections
Microbiology
Chlamydial Genomics
Immunobiology
Vaccine Development
Summary and Future Directions
References
Chapter 16. Gonorrhea: Epidemiology, Control, and Prevention
Microbiology of Neisseria Gonorrhoeae
Clinical Disease Caused by Neisseria Gonorrhoeae
Diagnosis and Treatment of Gonorrhea
Epidemiology and Expected Impact of an Effective Vaccine
Vaccine Research and other Strategies for Control
Clinical Studies for Vaccine
References
Chapter 17. Syphilis
Introduction and Historical Background
Epidemiology
Microbiology
Immunology/Immunobiology of Infection
Definitions
Congenital Syphilis
Syphilis and HIV Infection
Diagnosis
Management of Syphilis
Public Health Initiatives
Conclusions
References
Chapter 18. Bacterial Vaginosis
Introduction
Definition
Epidemiology
Other Risks for Bv
Microbiology of Bv
Pathogenesis
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Treatment
Complications of Bv
Conclusions and Future Directions
References
Color Plates
Index
LS
SR