Seismic Migration
Imaging of Acoustic Energy by Wave Field Extrapolation
- 1st Edition - November 13, 2012
- Author: A. J. Berkhout
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 4 - 5 6 9 5 4 - 7
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 4 - 6 0 1 5 8 - 2
Seismic Migration: Imaging of Acoustic Energy by Wave Field Extrapolation derives the migration theory from first principles. This book also obtains a formulated forward modeling… Read more
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Request a sales quoteSeismic Migration: Imaging of Acoustic Energy by Wave Field Extrapolation derives the migration theory from first principles. This book also obtains a formulated forward modeling and migration theory by introducing the propagation matrices and the scattering matrix. The book starts by presenting the basic results from vector analysis, such as the scalar product, gradient, curl, and divergence. It also describes the theorem of Stokes, theorem of Gause and the Green’s theorem. The book also deals with discrete spectral analysis, two-dimensional Fourier theory and plane wave analysis. It also describes the wave theory, including the plane waves and k-f diagram, spherical waves, and cylindrical waves. This book explores the forward problem and the inward problem of the wave field extrapolation, as well as the modeling by wave field extrapolation. Furthermore, the book explains the migration in the wave number-frequency domain. It also includes the summation approach and finite-difference approach to migration, as well as a comparison between the different approaches to migration. Finally, the book offers the limits of lateral resolution as the last chapter.
PrefaceIntroductionIntroductionChapter 1. Basic Results from Vector Analysis 1.1. Introduction 1.2. Scalar product, gradient, curl and divergence 1.3. Theorem of Stokes, theorem of Gauss and Green's theorems 1.4. ReferencesChapter 2. Discrete Spectral Analysis 2.1. Introduction 2.2. The delta pulse and discrete functions 2.3. Fourier series of periodic time functions 2.4. Fourier integral of transients 2.5. Relationship between the discrete property and periodicity 2.6. Sampling and aliasing in time and frequency 2.7. ReferencesChapter 3. Two-Dimensional Fourier Transforms 3.1. Introduction 3.2. Basic theory 3.3. Spatial aliasing 3.4. Two-dimensional Fourier theory and plane wave analysis 3.5. ReferencesChapter 4. Wave Theory 4.1. Introduction 4.2. Derivation of the wave equation 4.3. Plane waves and k-f diagrams 4.4. Spherical waves and directivity patterns 4.5. Cylindrical waves 4.6. Angle dependence of reflection coefficients 4.7. ReferencesChapter 5. Wave Field Extrapolation: The Forward Problem 5.1. Introduction 5.2. Derivation of the Kirchhoff integral 5.3. The Rayleigh integral I 5.4. The Rayleigh integral II 5.5. Forward extrapolation scheme in the space-time domain 5.6. Forward extrapolation scheme in the space-frequency domain 5.7. Forward extrapolation scheme in the wavenumber-frequency domain 5.8. ReferencesChapter 6 . Modeling by Wave Field Extrapolation 6.1. Introduction 6.2. Modeling of one physical experiment 6.3. Focussing of one physical experiment 6.4. Modeling of a plane wave response 6.5. Modeling with the two-way propagation matrix 6.6. Modeling of multi-record datasets 6.7. ReferencesChapter 7. Wave Field Extrapolation: The Inverse Problem 7.1. Introduction 7.2. Upward extrapolation of multi-record datasets in terms of spatial convolution 7.3. Downward extrapolation of multi-record data sets in terms of spatial inverse filtering 7.4. Kirchhoff-summation approach and matched filtering 7.5. Downward extrapolation in the presence of noise 7.6. Least-squares downward extrapolation in two dimensions 7.7. Downward extrapolation of one source gather by inversion of the two-way propagation matrix 7.8. Downward extrapolation of one detector gather by inversion of the two-way propagation matrix 7.9. Downward extrapolation of one source - or receiver gather by combined forward and inverse extrapolation 7.10. Downward extrapolation of plane wave data 7.11. Downward extrapolation of zero-offset data 7.12. Imaging 7.13. ReferencesChapter 8. Migration in the Wavenumber-Frequency Domain 8.1. Introduction 8.2. Migration as a mapping procedure to the kx-kz domain 8.3. Recursive migration in the kx-k domain 8.4. Migration of plane-wave data in the kx-k domain 8.5. Migration of zero-offset data in the kx-k domain 8.6. ReferencesChapter 9. Summation Approach to Migration 9.1. Introduction 9.2. Summation method in the space-frequency domain 9.3. Summation method in the space-time domain 9.4. Summation method for plane-wave zero-offset data 9.5. Practical summation schemes for recursive migration 9.6. Multi-level extrapolation 9.7. ReferencesChapter 10. Finite-Difference Approach to Migration 10.1. Introduction 10.2. Wave field extrapolation with the Taylor series 10.3. Floating reference 10.4. Approximate expressions for the spatial derivatives with respect to z 10.5. Approximations of the wave equation for delayed pressure 10.6. Finite-difference migration in the space-frequency domain 10.7. Errors in finite-difference migration 10.8. Finite-difference schemes in three dimensions 10.9. ReferencesChapter 11. Comparison Between the Different Approaches to Migration 11.1. Introduction 11.2. Review of the seismic model 11.3. Review of the inversion philosophy 11.4. Taylor series and wave equation 11.5. Extrapolation by means of multiplication 11.6. Replacement of the multiplication procedure by one-dimensional convolution 11.7. Replacement of the multiplication procedure by two-dimensional convolution 11.8. Series expansion of the convolution operators 11.9. Summary of extrapolation methods 11.10. Summary of imaging methods 11.11. Possibilities and limitations in practical situations 11.12. Some concluding remarks 11.13. ReferencesChapter 12. Limits of Lateral Resolution 12.1. Introduction 12.2. Ultimate limits of lateral resolution 12.3. Lateral resolution in practical situations 12.4. Influence of finite apertures 12.5. ReferencesSubject IndexAppendicesA. Hooke’s Law for Fluids and SolidsB. Linear Equations for Compressional Waves in Homogeneous SolidsC. Wave Equation for Inhomogeneous FluidsD. Spatial Fourier Transforms of Green’s Functions in the Rayleigh IntegralsE. Summation Operator for Small Extrapolation StepsF. Differentiation in Terms of Convolution
- No. of pages: 352
- Language: English
- Edition: 1
- Published: November 13, 2012
- Imprint: Elsevier
- Paperback ISBN: 9780444569547
- eBook ISBN: 9780444601582
AB
A. J. Berkhout
Affiliations and expertise
Delft University of Technology, Delft, NetherlandsRead Seismic Migration on ScienceDirect