Seismic Geology and Basin Analysis

Seismic Geology and Basin Analysis: Case Studies on Sedimentary Basins in China introduces the principles, approaches and techniques needed to solve problems using seismic data calibrated with well log, cores and outcrop profiles. The book emphasizes the adoption of seismic techniques into basin analysis and broadens the usage of seismic data in geological research which may be referred to as “seismic geology.” The principle of the book is mainly summarized from a series of case studies in different basins in China. In addition, through this book readers can understand the primary characteristics and basin fill evolution of major petroleum basins around the world.

When starting research on a basin, researchers and professionals are confronted with how to reveal the general architecture of basin fills and depict three-dimensional geometry, and the internal architecture of subsurface depositional bodies and their arrangement, hence this book is a great tome on necessary areas of exploration.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
Preface
Part 1. Primary principles and approaches
Chapter 1. Introduction
Chapter 1.1. From seismic stratigraphy to sequence stratigraphy
Chapter 1.2. Seismic sedimentology and geomorphology
Chapter 1.3. Seismic geology and basin analysis
Chapter 2. Basin-fill units and stratigraphic surfaces
Chapter 2.1. Sequence stratigraphic units and their hierarchy
Chapter 2.2. Boundaries of sequence stratigraphic units and their seismic reflections
2.2.1. Stratigraphic surfaces and stratal termination types
2.2.2. Regressive-erosional unconformity
2.2.3. Transgressive surface
Chapter 2.3. Depositional systems tracts and their composite styles
2.3.1. Depositional systems tracts
2.3.2. Depositional systems tracts in continental basins
2.3.3. Depositional systems tracts of carbonate sequences
Chapter 2.4. Genetic depositional types and trajectory analysis
2.4.1. Genetic depositional types
2.4.2. Trajectory of sedimentary systems
2.4.3. Clinoforms and trajectory classification
2.4.4. Quantitative description of trajectories
Chapter 3. Seismic sedimentary analysis
Chapter 3.1. Seismic facies
3.1.1. External shape
3.1.2. Internal reflection configuration
3.1.3. Reflection parameters
Chapter 3.2. Seismic sedimentological geomorphology
3.2.1. Basic analysis principle
3.2.2. Technical methods
Chapter 3.3. Seismic facies mapping and basin paleogeography
3.3.1. Paleogeography of sedimentary basins
3.3.2. Seismic paleogeographic mapping and interpretation
Chapter 4. Structural framework and tectonostratigraphy of sedimentary basins
Chapter 4.1. Tectonostratigraphic frameworks of sedimentary basins
Chapter 4.2. Tectonic unconformity and paleo-uplift
4.2.1. Unconformity erosion amount
4.2.2. Distribution patterns of unconformities
4.2.3. Paleo-uplift geomorphology
Chapter 4.3. Syndepositional structures and structural slope-break zones
4.3.1. Syndepositional structures
4.3.2. Tectonic paleogeomorphology
4.3.3. Tectonic slope-break zone
Part 2. Case studies
Chapter 5. Siliciclastic sequence stratigraphy and basin fill dynamic
Chapter 5.1. Lower Cretaceous depositional evolution from lacustrine to fluvial environment of an intracontinental depression and controlling factors, northern Tarim Basin
Chapter 5.2. Deep-water gravity-flow deposits of the Late Ordovician in the Tarim Basin
5.2.1. Introduction
5.2.2. Geological setting
5.2.3. Methods and database
5.2.4. Sequence stratigraphic framework
5.2.5. Depositional architecture of the gravity flow systems
5.2.6. Systems tract architecture and sea-level change
5.2.7. Tectonic and paleogeographical setting of the Late Ordovician Tarim Basin
5.2.8. Distribution of potential reservoirs in gravity flow depositional systems
5.2.9. Conclusions
Chapter 5.3. Evolution of depositional sequences in response to tectonism, sea-level change, and sediment supply on the northern continental margin of the South China Sea
5.3.1. Introduction
5.3.2. Geological setting
5.3.3. Depositional systems and depositional-geomorphological characteristics
5.3.4. Sequence architecture and depositional evolution
5.3.5. Constraints on the depositional–geomorphological evolution
5.3.6. Conclusions
Chapter 5.4. Changes of the Oligocene to Quaternary deltaic depositional architecture from inner-shelf to shelf-margin, the Pearl River Mouth Basin, northern South China Sea
5.4.1. Introduction
5.4.2. Geologic setting
5.4.3. Data and research methods
5.4.4. Lithofacies associations and depositional environments
5.4.5. Seismic facies and geomorphology
5.4.6. Inner-shelf delta systems
5.4.7. Shelf-edge deltas and associated slope-fan systems
5.4.8. Evolution of the deltaic systems and controlling processes
5.4.9. Conclusions
Chapter 5.5. Sedimentary pattern and filling process in the central canyon: A case study in the eastern Lingshui depression, Qiongdongnan Basin
5.5.1. Introduction
5.5.2. Geological setting
5.5.3. Methods and materials
5.5.4. Results
5.5.5. Discussion
5.5.6. Conclusions
Chapter 5.6. Source to sink systems of the upper Oligocene delta and slope fan systems, the Pearl River Mouth Basin
5.6.1. Introduction
5.6.2. Geological setting
5.6.3. Data and methods
5.6.4. Lithofacies associations and depositional environments
5.6.5. Seismic facies and geomorphology
5.6.6. Variation of deposition from shelf-edge to lower slope
5.6.7. Sequence stratigraphy
5.6.8. Sediment dispersal from shelf-edge to slope fan deposits
5.6.9. Sea-level change and steep slope clinoform
5.6.10. Conclusions
Chapter 5.7. Shelf-margin depositional architecture variability across the mid-Pleistocene climate transition, the Pearl River Mouth Basin
5.7.1. Sequence framework and chronological constraints
5.7.2. Sequence architecture and depositional systems tracts
5.7.3. Control of the Milankovitch glacio-eustatic cycles
5.7.4. Control of the climatic transition
5.7.5. Conclusions
Chapter 5.8. Sequence architecture, depositional evolution, and controlling process, the Erlian Basin
5.8.1. Introduction
5.8.2. Basin setting
5.8.3. Sequence classification
5.8.4. Depositional systems
5.8.5. Depositional systems tracts
5.8.6. Basin filling evolution and reservoir facies
5.8.7. Controls on sequence development
5.8.8. Conclusions
Chapter 6. Carbonate platform architecture and depositional evolution
Chapter 6.1. Depositional architectures and their controlling processes of the Ordovician carbonate platform margins in the Tarim Basin
Chapter 6.2. Modeling of stratigraphic architecture of carbonate platform margin, Late Ordovician Lianglitage Formation, Central Tarim Basin
6.2.1. Introduction
6.2.2. Geological setting
6.2.3. Sequence stratigraphy and sedimentary characteristics
6.2.4. Carbonate platform architecture of the Lianglitage Formation
6.2.5. Controlling factors of carbonate deposition
6.2.6. Model result analysis
6.2.7. Conclusions
Chapter 6.3. Microfacies and depositional environments of Late Ordovician Lianglitage Formation, the Tazhong Uplift, the Tarim Basin
6.3.1. Geological setting and stratigraphy
6.3.2. Materials and methods
6.3.3. Depositional sequences
6.3.4. Microfacies analysis
6.3.5. Sedimentary models
6.3.6. Discussion
6.3.7. Conclusions
Chapter 6.4. Paleocave architectures and controlling processes of the Ordovician carbonate paleokarst systems in the western margin and central Tarim Basin
6.4.1. Geological setting and stratigraphy
6.4.2. Materials and methods
6.4.3. Distribution of unconformities
6.4.4. Paleokarst characteristics in the Ordovician carbonate system
6.4.5. Paleokarst system along the unconformities in the Tazhong area
6.4.6. Paleokarst sequence correlation between wells
6.4.7. Controlling factors of paleokarst
6.4.8. Conclusion
Chapter 7. Unconformities, paleostructural geomorphology and tectonosedimentology
Chapter 7.1. Major unconformities, stratigraphic architecture, and tectonosedimentary evolution of the superimposed Tarim Basin
Chapter 7.2. Mesozoic tectonic unconformities in the Tarim Basin: Distribution, geomorphology, and evolution of tectonogeography
7.2.1. Introduction
7.2.2. Geological setting
7.2.3. Data and methods
7.2.4. Distribution of Mesozoic major unconformities
7.2.5. Evolution of geomorphology
7.2.6. Reconstruction of tectonopaleogeography
7.2.7. Conclusions
Chapter 7.3. Tectonic geomorphology and depositional pattern of the Paleozoic central uplift belt in the Tarim Basin
7.3.1. Introduction
7.3.2. Geological setting and tectono-stratigraphic sequences
7.3.3. Methodology for paleogeomorphic reconstruction
7.3.4. Paleozoic paleostructural geomorphology and its constraint on the development of sedimentary facies
7.3.5. Conclusions
Chapter 7.4. Geomorphology control on the distribution of depositional systems, Devonian Donghetang Formation in the Tarim Basin
7.4.1. Introduction
7.4.2. Regional setting
7.4.3. Data and methods
7.4.4. Sequence composition and depositional system of Donghetang Formation
7.4.5. Depositional paleogeomorphology of sequence SQ_Ddh
7.4.6. The impact of paleogeomorphology on the development of the sedimentary system
7.4.7. Conclusions
Chapter 7.5. Controls of syndepositional structures on the development of paleogeomorphology and depositional systems, Bohai Bay Basin
7.5.1. Basin setting
7.5.2. Basin filling sequence and episodic rifting
7.5.3. Control of syndepositional faults and their arrangements on depositional patterns
7.5.4. Structural paleogeomorphic features of distinctive syndepositional fault arrangements and the related sandy sediment dispersal systems
7.5.5. Prediction of sandstone reservoirs along fault slope-break zones
7.5.6. Discussion and conclusion
Chapter 7.6. Syndepositional fault constraints on sequence architecture and depositional systems in a multiple-rift lacustrine basin, the central Bohai Bay Basin
7.6.1. Introduction
7.6.2. Geological setting
7.6.3. Methods
7.6.4. Result
7.6.5. Discussion
7.6.6. Controls on sequence evolution
7.6.7. Conclusions
Chapter 7.7. Breakup unconformities in the Pearl River Mouth Basin: Significance for the evolution of basin dynamics and paleogeography
7.7.1. Introduction
7.7.2. Geological background and basin expansion history
7.7.3. Methods and data
7.7.4. Results
7.7.5. Discussion
7.7.6. Conclusion
Index

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