Preface
Introduction
The Correct Use of Vowels in Spelling
I. Vowels After Sibilants and у
§ 1. y, a, и After Ж, ч, ш, щ
§ 2. и and Ы After ц
§ 3. ю and Я After ц
§ 4. Stressed o and e After Ж, ч, ш, щ
§ 5. Unstressed o and e After Ж, ч, ш, щ
§ 6. o and e After и
II. The Vowels Ы and и After prefixes
§ 7. Ы Instead of и After Prefixes
III. The Letter Э
§ 8. In Russian Words
§ 9. In Foreign Words
IV. The Letter ё
§ 10. When this Letter is Used
V. General Rules for the Spelling of Unstressed Vowels
§ 11. The Basic Rule for the Spelling of Unstressed Vowels
§ 12. When the Spelling Cannot be Determined by this Rule
VI. Unstressed Vowels in Word Roots
§ 13. The Vowels a and o in Roots зар-/зор, раc(т)-/роc(т)- равн-/рoвн-, rар-/rор-, плав-/плов-
§ 14. Alternation of и and e in Verbs
VII. Unstressed Vowels in Prefixes
§ 15. Prefixes раз- (раc-)/роз- (роc-)
§ 16. Prefixes при- and nрe- 10
VIII. Unstressed Vowels in Suffixes
§ 17. Suffixes -ик and -eк
§ 18. Suffixes -eц and -иц
§ 19. Suffixes -eчк- and -ичк-
§ 20. Suffixes -инк- and -eнк-
§ 21. Suffixes -оньк-, -еньк-, and the Combination of -ьІнь- in the Base with the Suffix -к-
§ 22. Suffixes -ушк-, -юшк-, -ышк-, -ишк- suffix -ышек
§ 23. Nouns with -атай and -атый
§ 24. Suffixes -ев-, -ив-
§ 25. Suffixes -ян- (-ан-) and -енн-
§ 26. Suffixes -ан- (-анн-), -ян- (-янн-), -ен- (-енн-) in Past Passive Participles and in Adjectives and Nouns Formed from them
§ 27. Suffixes of Present Participles
§ 28. The Vowel e in the Short Form of Adjectives
§ 29. Suffixes -инск- and -енск-
§ 30. Suffixes -еч- and -ач-
§ 31. The Vowel е in Collective Numerals
§ 32. The Vowel е in Suffixes of Comparatives
§ 33. Verbs in -вать, -овать, -евать, -ывать, -ивать
§ 34. Vowels Before the Suffix -ну- in Semelfactive Verbs
§ 35. Verbs in -енеть
§ 36. Final Vowels in the Stems of Infinitive Verbs Before -ть
IX. Unstressed Connecting Vowels
§ 37. Connecting Vowels Between Stems
X. Vowels in Certain Unstressed Case-Endings
§ 38. Forms with -ище and -ища
§ 39. Forms with -ушко, -ушка, etc., Formation of Masculine Nouns with -ка and -ла
§ 40. Endings -и and -е in Prepositional and Dative Cases
§ 41. Endings -ий and -ей in Genitive Plurals
§ 42, § 43. Endings -ым and -ом in Instrumental Cases of Surnames in -ин(о), -ын(о), -ов(о) and -ев(о)
XI. Unstressed Vowels in Personal Verb Endings
§ 44. Personal Endings of Verbs of I and II Conjugations
XII. Unstressed Final Vowels in Adverbs and Prepositions
§ 45. Adverbs Formed by Joining Prepositions to the Short Forms of Adjectives or to Pronouns
§ 46. The Adverb впоследствии
§47. The Prepositions вследствие, в продолжение, в течение
XIII. The Unstressed Particles не and ни
§ 48. Distinction Between не and ни
The Correct Use of Consonants in Spelling
I. General Rules
§ 49. The Basic Rule of the Correct Use of Consonants in Spelling
§ 50. Consonants in Prefixes
§ 51. т and д Before с, ц and ч
§ 52. ц and the Combinations тс, дс in Adjectives in -кий, -кой
§ 53. Determination of a Consonant Preceding Another Consonant in a Group
§ 54. щ and Combinations зч, эдч, сч, стч, жч, шч
§ 55. Numerals in -дцать
§ 56. чн and шн in Combinations of Prefixes and Roots
§ 57. Endings -оrо, -еrо in Adjectives and Pronouns
II. Double Consonants
§ 58. Double Consonants in Combinations of Prefixes and Roots
§ 59. Double Consonants in Compound Abbreviations
§ 60. нн and сс in Adjectives And Adverbs in Combinations of Roots and Suffixes
§ 61. Suffixes -енн- and -онн-, -ян- and -ан-, and the Suffix -ин- in Adjectives Formed from Nouns
§ 62. нн in Past Passive Participles
§ 63. нн and н in Adjectives Formed from Past Passive Participles
§ 64. нн and н in Adverbs in -о
§ 65. нн and н in the Short Forms of Adjectives and Past Passive Participles
§ 66. жж and зж
§ 67. Double Consonants Instead of Triple
§ 68. Double Consonants in Foreign Words
§ 69. Double Consonants in Words Formed from Bases Ending in Two Identical Consonants
The Letters ъ and ь
§ 70. ъ Before е, ю, я
§ 71. ь Before и, е, ю, я
§ 72. ь to Indicate the Softness of Final Consonants
§ 73. ь in Numerals, in the Instrumental Plural of Nouns and in the Imperative Mood of Verbs
§ 74. The Absence of ь in Adjectives with the Prefix -ск-, and in the Genitive Plural of Nouns in -ня
§ 75. ь After ж, ч, ш, щ
The Use of the Hyphen
I. General Rules
§ 76. Words of Various Types Written without a Hyphen
§ 77. Words of Various Types Written with a Hyphen
II. Nouns
§ 78. Written without a Hyphen
§ 79. Written with a Hyphen
III. Adjectives
§ 80. Written without a Hyphen
§ 81. Written with a Hyphen
IV. Numerals
§ 82. Written without a Hyphen
V. Adverbs
§ 83. Written without a Hyphen
§ 84. Written with a Hyphen
VI. Prepositions, Conjunctions, Particles, Interjections
§ 85. Written without a Hyphen
§ 86. Written with a Hyphen
§ 87. бы, ли, же Written Separately
VII. The Correct Spelling of не and ни
§ 88. не Joined to Another Word
§ 89. не Written Separately
§ 90. ни Joined to Another Word
§ 91. ни Written Separately
The Use of Capital Letters
§ 92. In the First Word of a Text, After a Full-Stop, Three Full Stops, an Interrogation or an Exclamation Mark
§ 93. In the First Word of a Sentence Following an Exclamation Mark Placed After an Apostrophe or Interjection
§ 94. After a Colon
§ 95. In Christian Names, Patronymics, Surnames, Pseudonyms; Nouns Formed from the Names of Individuals; Ranks, Titles and Offices
§ 96. Names Taken from Religions and Mythology
§ 97. Names of Individual Animals
§ 98. Dramatis Personae of Fables And Plays
§ 99. Adjectives Formed from the Names of Individual Persons
§ 100. Names of Astronomical, Geographical and Other Objects
§ 101. Adjectives Formed from Geographical Names
§ 102. Names of Historical Events, Epochs, Documents, Works of Art
§ 103. Names of Revolutionary Holidays and Memorable Dates
§ 104. Names of Orders
§ 105, § 106. Names of Institutions and Organizations
§ 107. Names of Political Parties
§ 108. Names Enclosed in Inverted Commas
§ 109. Special Stylistic Uses
Initial, Compound and Graphic Abbreviations
§ 110. Compound Abbreviations Written as One Word
§ 111. Use of Small Letters in Initial Letter and Compound Abbreviations
§ 112. Initial Capital Letters in Compound Abbreviations
§ 113. Capital Letters in Initial Letter Abbreviations
§ 114. Compound Abbreviations Formed from an Abbreviated Word and Initial Letters
§115. Conventional Graphic Abbreviations
§116. List of Generally Accepted Abbreviations
Rules for the Division of Words
§ 117, § 124. General Rules
Abbreviations
Vocabulary and Index