Rodak's Hematology
Clinical Principles and Applications
- 5th Edition - May 28, 2013
- Imprint: Saunders
- Authors: Elaine M. Keohane, Larry Smith, Jeanine M. Walenga
- Language: English
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 2 3 9 0 5 - 9
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 3 2 7 1 6 - 9
Featuring hundreds of full-color photomicrographs, Rodak’s Hematology: Clinical Principles and Applications, 5th Edition prepares you for a job in the clinical lab by exploring… Read more
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Request a sales quoteFeaturing hundreds of full-color photomicrographs, Rodak’s Hematology: Clinical Principles and Applications, 5th Edition prepares you for a job in the clinical lab by exploring the essential aspects of hematology. It shows how to accurately identify cells, simplifies hemostasis and thrombosis concepts, and covers normal hematopoiesis through diseases of erythroid, myeloid, lymphoid, and megakaryocytic origins. This text also makes it easy to understand complementary testing areas such as flow cytometry, cytogenetics, and molecular diagnostics. Clinical lab experts Elaine Keohane, Larry Smith, and Jeanine Walenga also cover key topics such as working in a hematology lab, the parts and functions of the cell, and laboratory testing of blood cells and body fluid cells.
- Instructions for lab procedures include sources of possible errors along with comments.
- Case studies in each chapter provide opportunities to apply hematology concepts to real-life scenarios.
- Hematology instruments are described, compared, and contrasted.
- UPDATED, full-color illustrations make it easier to visualize hematology concepts and show what you’ll encounter in the lab, with images appearing near their mentions in the text so you don’t have to flip pages back and forth.
- Hematology/hemostasis reference ranges are listed on the inside front and back covers for quick reference.
- A bulleted summary makes it easy to review the important points in every chapter.
- Learning objectives begin each chapter and indicate what you should achieve, with review questions appearing at the end.
- A glossary of key terms makes it easy to find and learn definitions.
- Cover image
- Title page
- Table of Contents
- Copyright
- Dedication
- How to use
- Reviewers
- Contributors
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- 1. Introduction to Hematology
- 1. An overview of clinical laboratory hematology
- History
- Red blood cells
- White blood cells
- Platelets
- Complete blood count
- Blood film examination
- Endothelial cells
- Coagulation
- Advanced hematology procedures
- Additional hematology procedures
- Hematology quality assurance and quality control
- References
- 2. Safety in the hematology laboratory
- Standard precautions
- Occupational hazards
- Developing a safety management program
- Summary
- Review questions
- References
- 3. Blood specimen collection
- Safety
- Responsibility of the phlebotomist in infection control
- Physiologic factors affecting test results
- Venipuncture
- Skin puncture
- Quality assurance in specimen collection
- Specimen handling
- Legal issues in phlebotomy
- Summary
- Review questions
- References
- 4. Care and use of the microscope
- Principles of microscopy
- Component parts and their functions
- Operating procedure with koehler illumination
- Immersion oil and types
- Care of the microscope
- Basic troubleshooting
- Other microscopes used in the clinical laboratory
- Summary
- Review questions
- Additional resources
- References
- 5. Quality assurance in hematology and hemostasis testing
- Statistical significance and expressions of central tendency and dispersion
- Validation of a new or modified assay
- Lot-to-lot comparisons
- Development of the reference interval and therapeutic range
- Internal quality control
- External quality assessment
- Assessing diagnostic efficacy
- Receiver operating characteristic curve
- Assay feasibility
- Laboratory staff competence
- Quality assurance plan: Preanalytical and postanalytical
- Agencies that address hematology and hemostasis quality
- Summary
- Review questions
- References
- 2. Blood Cell Production, Structure, and Function
- 6. Cellular structure and function
- Cell organization
- Plasma membrane
- Nucleus
- Cytoplasm
- Hematopoietic microenvironment
- Cell cycle
- Cell death by necrosis and apoptosis
- Summary
- Review questions
- References
- 7. Hematopoiesis
- Hematopoietic development
- Adult hematopoietic tissue
- Hematopoietic stem cells and cytokines
- Lineage-specific hematopoiesis
- Therapeutic applications
- Summary
- Review questions
- References
- 8. Erythrocyte production and destruction
- Normoblastic maturation
- Erythrokinetics
- Microenvironment of the bone marrow
- Erythrocyte destruction
- Summary
- Review questions
- References
- 9. Erythrocyte metabolism and membrane structure and function
- Energy production—anaerobic glycolysis
- Glycolysis diversion pathways (shunts)
- Rbc membrane
- Summary
- Review questions
- References
- 10. Hemoglobin metabolism
- Hemoglobin structure
- Hemoglobin biosynthesis
- Hemoglobin ontogeny
- Regulation of hemoglobin production
- Hemoglobin function
- Carbon Dioxide Transport
- Nitric Oxide Transport
- Dyshemoglobins
- Hemoglobin measurement
- Summary
- Review questions
- References
- 11. Iron kinetics and laboratory assessment
- Iron chemistry
- Iron kinetics
- Dietary iron, bioavailability, and demand
- Laboratory assessment of body iron status
- Summary
- Review questions
- References
- 12. Leukocyte development, kinetics, and functions
- Granulocytes
- Mononuclear cells
- Summary
- Review questions
- References
- 13. Platelet production, structure, and function
- Megakaryocytopoiesis
- Platelets
- Platelet ultrastructure
- Platelet activation
- Platelet activation pathways
- Summary
- Review questions
- References
- 3. Laboratory Evaluation of Blood Cells
- 14. Manual, semiautomated, and point-of-care testing in hematology
- Case 2
- Case 3
- Manual cell counts
- Procedure
- Procedure
- Hemoglobin determination
- Procedure
- Microhematocrit
- Procedure
- Rule of three
- Red blood cell indices
- Reticulocyte count
- Procedure
- Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
- Procedure
- Procedure
- Additional methods
- Point-of-care testing
- Summary
- Review questions
- References
- Additional resources
- 15. Automated blood cell analysis
- General principles of automated blood cell analysis
- Principal instruments
- Automated reticulocyte counting
- Limitations and interferences
- Clinical utility of automated blood cell analysis
- Summary
- Review questions
- References
- 16. Examination of the peripheral blood film and correlation with the complete blood count
- Peripheral blood films
- Summarizing complete blood count
- Summary
- Review questions
- References
- 17. Bone marrow examination
- Bone marrow anatomy and architecture
- Indications for bone marrow examination
- Bone marrow specimen collection sites
- Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy
- Managing the bone marrow specimen
- Examining bone marrow aspirate or imprint
- Examining the bone marrow core biopsy specimen
- Definitive bone marrow studies
- Bone marrow examination reports
- Summary
- Review questions
- References
- 18. Body fluid analysis in the hematology laboratory
- Performing cell counts on body fluids
- Preparing cytocentrifuge slides
- Cerebrospinal fluid
- Serous fluid
- Synovial fluid
- Bronchoalveolar lavage specimens
- Summary
- Review questions
- References
- 4. Erythrocyte Disorders
- 19. Anemias: Red blood cell morphology and approach to diagnosis
- Definition of anemia
- Patient history and clinical findings
- Physiologic adaptations
- Mechanisms of anemia
- Laboratory diagnosis of anemia
- Approach to evaluating anemias
- Summary
- Review questions
- References
- 20. Disorders of iron kinetics and heme metabolism
- General concepts in anemia
- Iron deficiency anemia
- Anemia of chronic inflammation
- Sideroblastic anemias
- Iron overload
- Summary
- Review questions
- References
- 21. Anemias caused by defects of DNA metabolism
- Etiology
- Causes of vitamin deficiencies
- Laboratory diagnosis
- Macrocytic nonmegaloblastic anemias
- Treatment
- Summary
- Review questions
- References
- 22. Bone marrow failure
- Pathophysiology of bone marrow failure
- Aplastic anemia
- Other forms of bone marrow failure
- Summary
- Review questions
- References
- 23. Introduction to increased destruction of erythrocytes
- Classification
- Hemolysis
- Excessive macrophage-mediated (extravascular) hemolysis
- Excessive fragmentation (intravascular) hemolysis
- Clinical features
- Laboratory findings
- Differential diagnosis
- Summary
- Review questions
- References
- 24. Intrinsic defects leading to increased erythrocyte destruction
- Red blood cell membrane abnormalities
- Red blood cell enzymopathies
- Summary
- Review questions
- References
- 25. Extrinsic defects leading to increased erythrocyte destruction—nonimmune causes
- Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
- Macroangiopathic hemolytic anemia
- Hemolytic anemia caused by infectious agents
- Hemolytic anemia caused by other red blood cell injury
- Summary
- Review questions
- References
- 26. Extrinsic defects leading to increased erythrocyte destruction—immune causes
- Overview of immune hemolytic anemias
- Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
- Drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia
- Alloimmune hemolytic anemias
- Summary
- Review questions
- References
- 27. Hemoglobinopathies (structural defects in hemoglobin)
- Structure of globin genes
- Hemoglobin development
- Genetic mutations
- Zygosity
- Pathophysiology
- Nomenclature
- Hemoglobin s
- Hemoglobin c
- Hemoglobin c-harlem (hemoglobin c-georgetown)
- Hemoglobin e
- Hemoglobin o-arab
- Hemoglobin d and hemoglobin g
- Compound heterozygosity with hemoglobin s and another β-globin gene mutation
- Concomitant CIS mutations with hemoglobin s
- Hemoglobin m
- Unstable hemoglobin variants
- Hemoglobins with increased and decreased oxygen affinity
- Global burden of hemoglobinopathies
- Summary
- Review questions
- References
- 28. Thalassemias
- Definitions and history
- Epidemiology
- Genetics of globin synthesis
- Categories of thalassemia
- Genetic defects causing thalassemia
- Pathophysiology
- β-globin gene cluster thalassemias
- α-thalassemias
- Thalassemia associated with structural hemoglobin variants
- Diagnosis of thalassemia
- Summary
- Review questions
- References
- 5. Leukocyte Disorders
- 29. Nonmalignant leukocyte disorders
- Qualitative disorders of leukocytes
- Quantitative abnormalities of leukocytes
- Qualitative (morphologic) changes
- Infectious mononucleosis (im)
- Summary
- Review questions
- References
- 30. Cytogenetics
- Reasons for chromosome analysis
- Chromosome structure
- Chromosome identification
- Techniques for chromosome preparation and analysis
- Cytogenetic nomenclature
- Chromosome abnormalities
- Cancer cytogenetics
- Chromosomal microarray analysis
- Summary
- Review questions
- References
- 31. Molecular diagnostics in hematopathology
- Structure and function of DNA
- Molecular diagnostic testing overview
- Nucleic acid isolation
- Amplification of nucleic acids by polymerase chain reaction
- Detection of amplified DNA
- Real-time polymerase chain reaction
- Chromosome microarrays
- Pathogen detection and infectious disease load
- Current developments
- Summary
- Review questions
- References
- 32. Flow cytometric analysis in hematologic disorders
- Specimen processing
- Flow cytometry: Principle and instrumentation
- Pattern recognition approach to analysis of flow cytometric data
- Cell populations identified by flow cytometry
- Flow cytometric analysis of myeloid neoplasms (acute myeloid leukemias and chronic myeloid neoplasms)
- Flow cytometric analysis of lymphoid neoplasms (lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma and mature lymphoid neoplasms)
- Other applications of flow cytometry beyond immunophenotyping of hematologic malignancies
- Summary
- Review questions
- References
- 33. Myeloproliferative neoplasms
- Chronic myelogenous leukemia
- Polycythemia vera
- Essential thrombocythemia
- Primary myelofibrosis
- Interconnection among essential thrombocythemia, polycythemia vera, and primary myelofibrosis
- Other myeloproliferative neoplasms
- Summary
- Review questions
- References
- 34. Myelodysplastic syndromes
- Etiology
- Morphologic abnormalities in peripheral blood and bone marrow
- Differential diagnosis
- Abnormal cellular function
- Classification of myelodysplastic syndromes
- Myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms
- Cytogenetics, molecular genetics, and epigenetics
- Prognosis
- Treatment
- Summary
- Review questions
- References
- 35. Acute leukemias
- Introduction
- Classification schemes for acute leukemias
- Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
- Acute myeloid leukemia
- Acute leukemias of ambiguous lineage
- Future directons in the classification of acute leukemias
- Cytochemical stains and interpretations
- Summary
- Review questions
- References
- 36. Mature lymphoid neoplasms
- Morphologic and immunophenotypic features of normal lymph nodes
- Lymph node processing
- Reactive lymphadenopathies
- Lymphomas
- Summary
- Review questions
- References
- 6. Hemostasis and Thrombosis
- 37. Normal hemostasis and coagulation
- Overview of hemostasis
- Vascular intima in hemostasis
- Platelets
- Coagulation system
- Coagulation regulatory mechanisms
- Fibrinolysis
- Summary
- Review questions
- References
- 38. Hemorrhagic disorders and laboratory assessment
- Bleeding symptoms
- Acquired coagulopathies
- Congenital coagulopathies
- Summary
- Review questions
- References
- 39. Thrombotic disorders and laboratory assessment
- Developments in thrombosis risk testing
- Etiology and prevalence of thrombosis
- Thrombosis risk factors
- Laboratory evaluation of thrombophilia
- Arterial thrombosis predictors
- Disseminated intravascular coagulation
- Localized thrombosis monitors
- Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
- Conclusion
- Summary
- Review questions
- References
- 40. Thrombocytopenia and thrombocytosis
- Thrombocytopenia: Decrease in circulating platelets
- Thrombocytosis: Increase in circulating platelets
- Summary
- Review questions
- References
- 41. Qualitative disorders of platelets and vasculature
- Qualitative platelet disorders
- Vascular disorders
- Summary
- Review questions
- References
- 42. Laboratory evaluation of hemostasis
- Hemostasis specimen collection
- Hemostasis specimen management
- Platelet function tests
- Quantitative measurement of platelet markers
- Clot-based plasma procoagulant screens
- Coagulation factor assays
- Tests of fibrinolysis
- Global coagulation assays
- Summary
- Review questions
- References
- 43. Antithrombotic therapies and their laboratory assessment
- Coumadin therapy and the prothrombin time
- Unfractionated heparin therapy and the partial thromboplastin time
- Low-molecular-weight heparin therapy and the chromogenic anti–factor Xa heparin assay
- Measuring pentasaccharide therapy using the chromogenic anti–factor Xa heparin assay
- Measuring oral direct factor Xa inhibitors
- Direct thrombin inhibitors
- Measuring antiplatelet therapy using platelet activity assays
- Future of antithrombotic therapy
- Summary
- Review questions
- References
- 44. Hemostasis and coagulation instrumentation
- Historical perspective
- Assay end-point detection principles
- Advances in coagulation technology
- Advantages and disadvantages of detection methods
- Point-of-care testing
- Whole-blood clotting assays
- Platelet function testing
- Molecular coagulation testing
- Selection of coagulation instrumentation
- Currently available instruments
- Summary
- Review questions
- References
- 7. Hematology and Hemostasis in Selected Populations
- 45. Pediatric and geriatric hematology and hemostasis
- Pediatric hematology and hemostasis
- Geriatric hematology and hemostasis
- Summary
- Review questions
- References
- Answers
- Glossary
- Index
- Edition: 5
- Published: May 28, 2013
- Imprint: Saunders
- Language: English
- eBook ISBN: 9780323239059
- eBook ISBN: 9780323327169
EK
Elaine M. Keohane
Affiliations and expertise
Professor Emeritus, Clinical Laboratory and Medical Imaging Sciences, School of Health Professions, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New JerseyJW
Jeanine M. Walenga
Affiliations and expertise
Professor, Thoracic-Cardiovascular Surgery, Pathology, and Physiology, Co-Director, Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research Unit, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Laboratory Director, Clinical Coagulation, Laboratory Director, Urinalysis and Medical Microscopy, Associate Director, Point of Care & Referred Testing, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loyola University Health System, Maywood, Illinois