
Retinal and Choroidal Vascular Diseases of the Eye
- 1st Edition - March 9, 2024
- Imprint: Academic Press
- Editor: Jay Chhablani
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 5 5 8 3 - 3
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 5 5 8 2 - 6
Retinal and Choroidal Vascular Diseases of the Eye explores a variety of retinal and choroidal vascular diseases, covering their pathogenesis, clinical features, and managemen… Read more

Purchase options

Institutional subscription on ScienceDirect
Request a sales quoteRetinal and Choroidal Vascular Diseases of the Eye explores a variety of retinal and choroidal vascular diseases, covering their pathogenesis, clinical features, and management strategies. The book begins with an outline of the basic features of retinal and choroidal vasculature before moving on to imaging techniques. Chapters then delve into specific diseases and abnormalities, as well as vascular diseases that are associated with systemic inflammatory diseases. The book then moves onto considering vascular diseases associated with system conditions before considering vascular tumors. Recent innovations and upcoming treatment options are also explored for the various diseases throughout the book.
This comprehensive reference provides a deep dive into vascular diseases of the eye, and is a must-have reference for ophthalmologists, medical and surgical retina specialists, and researchers in related fields.
- Explores numerous retinal and choroidal disease entities and their pathogenic mechanisms
- Features multimodal images to help illustrate and describe the disease entities
- Discusses innovative treatment options for choroidal vascular diseases
- Considers the latest clinical trials related to retinal and choroidal disorders, and provides key learnings
- Cover image
- Title page
- Table of Contents
- Copyright
- List of contributors
- Foreword: Lesson learned in retinal vascular diseases
- Foreword: Retina and choroidal vascular diseases of the eye: Exploring pathways of sight and beyond
- Preface
- Section I. Basics of retinal and choroidal vasculature
- Chapter 1. Development and physiology
- General anatomy of the retinal and choroidal vessels
- The development of the choroid and retinal vasculature
- Chapter 2. Animal models
- Introduction
- Chapter 3. Vascular changes with aging
- Introduction
- Vessel diameter and arteriovenous ratio
- Retinal blood flow velocity
- Fractal analysis
- Perivascular capillary-free space
- Vessel tortuosity
- Vessel density
- Foveal avascular zone
- Choriocapillaris
- Choroid
- Retinal perfusion
- Miscellaneous
- Section II. Imaging
- Chapter 4. Fundus photography
- Introduction
- Fundus photography and its invention history
- Types of fundus cameras
- Types of fundus photography
- Smartphone fundus photography
- Advantages of fundus photography for the diagnosis of retinal choroidal diseases
- The disadvantages of CFP
- Normal fundus photography
- Abnormal fundus photography
- The role of artificial intelligence using CFP
- Chapter 5. Fluorescein angiography
- Introduction
- Basics of fluorescein angiography
- Limits of fluorescein angiography
- Widefield fluorescein angiography
- Clinical applications of fluorescein angiography
- Chapter 6. Widefield indocyanine green angiography
- Introduction
- Widefield indocyanine green angiography
- Specific findings on ultra-widefield indocyanine green angiography
- Conclusion
- Chapter 7. Optical coherence tomography
- Introduction
- OCT time domain
- OCT spectral domain
- Enhanced-depth imaging technology
- OCT swept-source
- OCT “en face”
- Chapter 8. Optical coherence tomography angiography
- Introduction
- Healthy anatomy
- Neovascular age-related macular degeneration
- Diabetic retinopathy
- Retinal vein occlusion
- Retina artery occlusion
- Myopia
- Central serous chorioretinopathy
- Uveitis and inflammatory eye desease
- Chapter 9. Oximetry
- Introduction
- Technical background
- Retinal oximetry in diabetes
- Retinal vascular occlusion
- Ocular degenerative disease
- Retinal oximetry as a marker of systemic disease
- Conclusions
- Abbreviations
- Chapter 10. Widefield imaging of the peripheral retina
- Introduction
- Imaging modalities
- Retinal vein occlusions
- Age-related macular degeneration
- Peripheral retinal degenerations
- Retinal detachment
- Uveitis
- Peripheral retinal and choroidal tumors
- Retinal dystrophies
- Pathologic myopia
- Chapter 11. Upcoming invasive and noninvasive imaging modalities
- Laser Doppler holography
- Adaptive optics
- Optoretinography
- Flavoprotein fluorescence imaging
- Doppler optical coherence tomography
- Imaging vitreous cortex hyalocytes (VCHs) using clinical en face OCT
- Erythrocyte-mediated angiography
- Section III. Retinal vascular diseases
- Chapter 12. Central retinal vein occlusion
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical features
- Imaging findings
- Clinical trial updates
- Management strategies
- Clinical cases
- Chapter 13. Branch retinal vein occlusion
- Introduction
- Classification
- Epidemiology and risk factors
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical features
- Imaging findings
- Management strategies
- Clinical trial updates
- Chapter 14. Central retinal artery occlusion
- Introduction
- History
- Epidemiology
- Vascular anatomy
- Etiology
- Pathology
- Classification of CRAO
- Clinical features
- Differential diagnosis
- Physical investigations
- Ocular investigations
- Management
- Chapter 15. Ocular ischemic syndrome
- Introduction
- Systemic associations
- Epidemiology and pathogenesis
- Symptoms
- Signs
- Ancillary tests
- Imaging methods for the evaluation of carotid occlusive disease
- Differential diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Case presentations
- Chapter 16. Diabetic retinopathy and choroidopathy: Pathophysiology, imaging findings, and treatment updates
- Pathophysiology
- Clinical features and classification
- Multimodal imaging in diabetic retinopathy
- Recent clinical trial updates for diabetic retinopathy management
- Conclusion
- Chapter 17. Paracentral acute middle maculopathy and acute macular neuroretinopathy: Distinct but related entities
- Pathogenesis
- Paracentral acute middle maculopathy
- Acute macular neuroretinopathy
- Conclusion
- Section IV. Choroidal vascular diseases
- Chapter 18. Pachychoroid syndrome
- Introduction
- Central serous chorioretinopathy
- Pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy
- Pachychoroid neovasculopathy
- Focal choroidal excavation
- Conclusions
- Chapter 19. Venous overload choroidopathy
- Introduction
- Causes of choroidal venous overload
- Conclusion
- Chapter 20. Peripapillary pachychoroid syndrome
- Clinical features
- Etiology
- Diagnosis and multimodal imaging
- Differential diagnosis
- Management
- Section V. Vascular abnormalities
- Chapter 21. Retinal artery aneurysmal abnormalities
- Macroaneurysm of retinal arteries
- Perifoveal vascular anomalous complex
- Retinal capillary macroaneurysm
- Chapter 22. Macular telangiectasia
- Overview bullets
- Introduction
- Other research on mechanisms of macular telangiectasia type 2
- Chapter 23. Coats disease
- Introduction
- Demographics and epidemiology
- Genetics
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical features
- Imaging findings
- Differential diagnosis
- Management strategies
- Outcomes and prognosis
- Conclusion
- Chapter 24. Arteriovenous malformations
- Preretinal vascular loop
- Familial retinal arteriolar tortuosity
- Retinal arteriovenous malformations
- Chapter 25. Choroidal macrovessel
- Definition
- Description
- Choroidal blood supply
- Hypothetical correlation of choroidal macrovessel with posterior ciliary artery
- Diagnostic signs
- Differential diagnosis
- Complications
- Treatment options
- Literature review
- Conclusion
- Section VI. Vascular diseases associated with systemic inflammatory diseases
- Chapter 26. Systemic lupus erythematosus
- Introduction
- Systemic diagnosis
- Pathophysiology
- Antiphospholipid syndrome
- Retinal and choroidal manifestations
- Imaging
- Treatment considerations
- Conclusion
- Chapter 27. Retina and choroidal vascular changes in Behçet disease
- Introduction
- Retina vascular changes in adult Behçet patients
- Retinal vascular changes in pediatric Behçet patients
- Choroidal vascular changes in Behçet patients
- Conclusion
- Chapter 28. Multiple sclerosis
- Definition
- Epidemiology
- Etiology
- Neuropathology
- Disease onset and clinical patterns
- Ocular manifestations of MS in adults
- Diagnosis
- Overview of treatment
- Conclusions
- Chapter 29. Sarcoidosis
- Introduction
- Epidemiology of sarcoidosis
- Etiology and pathogenesis
- Clinical features
- Diagnosis of sarcoidosis
- Treatment of ocular sarcoidosis
- Chapter 30. Granulomatosis/polyarteritis nodosa associated disorders
- Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
- Polyarteritis nodosa
- Conclusions
- Chapter 31. Retinal manifestations of Takayasu’s arteritis
- Takayasu’s arteritis
- Takayasu’s retinopathy
- Section VII. Vascular diseases associated with systemic conditions
- Chapter 32. Hypertensive retinopathy
- Case studies
- Introduction
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis of hypertensive eye disease
- Clinical features
- Differential diagnosis
- Imaging findings and future image studies
- Recent clinical trial updates
- Management strategies
- Chapter 33. Pregnancy-induced hypertension
- Introduction
- Terminology and classification
- Overview of choroidal and retinal vasculature
- Preeclampsia/eclampsia-associated hypertensive choroidopathy and retinopathy
- Management of hypertensive choroidopathy and hypertensive retinopathy
- Exacerbation of preexisting diabetic retinopathy during PIH
- Retinal vascular occlusion in the setting of PIH
- Conclusion
- Chapter 34. Sickle cell retinopathy
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical features
- Imaging studies
- Management strategies
- Screening
- Chapter 35. Leukemic retinopathy
- Introduction
- Pathogenesis
- Leukemic retinopathy
- Leukemic choroidopathy
- Leukemic optic neuropathy
- Vitreous infiltration
- Secondary retinal manifestations
- Opportunistic retinal infections
- Chemotherapy-related retinal changes
- Imaging findings
- Treatment
- Chapter 36. Purstcher retinopathy
- Introduction
- Clinical features
- Imaging findings
- Additional diagnostic evaluation
- Pathogenesis
- Histopathology
- Management
- Prognosis and outcomes
- Summary
- Chapter 37. Radiation retinopathy
- Introduction
- Basics and pathogenesis
- Risk factors
- Clinical features
- Imaging findings and future imaging
- Classification of radiation retinopathy
- Treatment
- Conclusion and future directions
- Chapter 38. Giant cell arteritis–associated ocular vascular diseases
- Introduction
- Pathogenesis
- Description
- Demographics
- Classic symptoms of giant cell arteritis
- Clinical ophthalmic findings
- Arteritic posterior ischemic optic neuropathy (A-PION)
- Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO)
- Other complications of GCA
- How is giant cell arteritis diagnosed?
- Comparing TAB and CDU
- Other modalities for GCA diagnosis
- Treatments
- Section VIII. Vascular tumors
- Chapter 39. Retinal capillary hemangioblastoma and cavernous hemangioma
- Retinal capillary hemangioblastoma
- Retinal cavernous hemangioma
- Conclusions
- Chapter 40. Choroidal hemangioma
- Introduction
- Circumscribed choroidal hemangioma
- Diffuse choroidal hemangioma
- Conclusion
- Chapter 41. Choroidal melanoma
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical features and symptoms
- Diagnosis
- Imaging findings
- Clinical trials
- Managements strategies
- Prognosis and follow-up
- Chapter 42. Retinal vasoproliferative tumors
- Introduction
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical features
- Diagnostic evaluation
- Treatment and prognosis
- Concluding summary
- Section IX. Miscellaneous
- Chapter 43. Susac syndrome
- Introduction
- Historical
- Epidemiology
- Clinical findings
- Neurological
- Vestibulocochlear
- Ophthalmological
- Other systemic findings
- Clinical course
- Diagnostic criteria
- Differential diagnosis
- Ancillary testing
- Lumbar puncture
- Neuroimaging
- Ophthalmic imaging
- Vestibulocochlear testing
- Histopathology
- Pathophysiology
- Treatment
- Clinical case
- Summary
- Chapter 44. Retinal vascular regeneration
- Introduction
- Clinical evidence for reperfusion of the ischemic retina
- Cell therapies to regenerate the retinal vasculature
- Molecular pathways that modulate retinal vascular repair
- Senolytics in the retina and vascular regeneration
- Concluding remarks
- Chapter 45. Vascular changes after vitreoretinal surgery
- Morphologic vascular changes
- Perfusion vascular changes
- Pars plana vitrectomy
- Retinal detachment
- Conclusions
- Chapter 46. Retinal and choroidal vascular diseases associated with COVID-19
- Overview and pathophysiology
- Primary COVID-19-related disease
- Secondary COVID-19-related disease
- COVID-19 vaccine-related disease
- Summary
- Index
- Edition: 1
- Published: March 9, 2024
- Imprint: Academic Press
- No. of pages: 656
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN: 9780443155833
- eBook ISBN: 9780443155826
JC
Jay Chhablani
Jay Chhablani is a Professor of Ophthalmology and a Vitreo-Retinal Surgeon at the Department of Ophthalmology at the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA. He is the Director of Clinical Research at the UPMC Vision Institute. He established the “Choroid Analysis and Research (CAR) Lab” at the University of Pittsburgh which focuses on computational as well as biological research in the field of choroid. His areas of interest are macular disorders, automated retinal image analysis and advanced imaging techniques. He has been consistently funded by the National Institute of Health (NIH) and various foundations. He has published more than 550 articles in peer-reviewed journals with a focus in the field of choroid. He is the editor of books “Choroidal Disorders”, “Central Serous Chorioretinopathy” and “Choroidal Neovascularization”. He is on the reviewing boards of all high-impact journals including Science Translational Medicine and Lancet. He is also on the editorial board of several journals including the American Journal of Ophthalmology. He serves on the `grant reviewing board of various funding agencies. He is a member of many esteemed societies such as the Macula Society and Gonin Club. He is a member of various scientific committees in various national and international societies including the American Academy of Ophthalmology. He has delivered more than 200 invited lectures and has been invited for visiting professorship by many universities around the world. He has won several national and international awards and delivered multiple named lectures.