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Rethinking Polyester Polyurethanes
Algae Based Renewable, Sustainable, Biodegradable and Recyclable Materials
1st Edition - April 24, 2023
Editor: Robert S. Pomeroy
Paperback ISBN:9780323999823
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 9 9 8 2 - 3
eBook ISBN:9780323983136
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 8 3 1 3 - 6
Rethinking Polyester Polyurethanes: Algae Based Renewable, Sustainable, Biodegradable and Recyclable Materials explains how and why bio-based materials, specifically algae, will… Read more
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Rethinking Polyester Polyurethanes: Algae Based Renewable, Sustainable, Biodegradable and Recyclable Materials explains how and why bio-based materials, specifically algae, will change the polymer industry. The book provides background on algae, polyurethanes (PUs), and their everyday use. It covers the biology and chemistry behind how and why these materials are engineered to be both biodegradable and, through the process of depolymerization, fully recyclable. Chapters cover Re-evaluating the Sources, Redefining the Analytics, Reformulating Polyester Polyurethanes, and The Future. The latter part of the book describes the landscape of bio-based materials, the eco-consumer, and insights into the industry problem of “greenwashing.” This book is a valuable resource for industry professionals who use polyurethanes in the supply chain for manufactured products, those in sales and marketing or regulatory roles who wish to better understand the unique advantages of bio-based materials, and researchers studying R&D of biobased polyurethanes or remediation of microplastics pollution on land and in bodies of fresh and saltwater worldwide.
Builds on the foundation of sustainable, renewable, biodegradable, recyclable microplastics, with lifecycle assessment, techno-economic analysis, and the green premium
Clarifies the true economics—if we were to go back to initial development of the plastics industry, what would we do differently?
Covers the basic science—the knowledge required to effectively communicate the use of materials that are on first examination more expensive, but on closer examination less expensive when environmental consequences are factored
Industry professionals who use polyurethanes in the supply chain for manufactured products, those in sales and marketing or regulatory roles who wish to better understand the unique advantages of bio-based materials, researchers studying R&D of biobased polyurethanes or remediation of microplastics pollution on land and in bodies of fresh and salt water worldwide; Students in environmental chemistry, science, and policy courses in chemistry, polymer and materials science, biology, engineering, and business
Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Dedication
Contributors
Author’s biographies
Foreword
Acknowledgments
Part I: Overview
Chapter 1: Rethinking plastics
Abstract
Introduction
Plastics: What are they?
Petroleum: What is it, how is it formed, and how is it transformed?
The carbon cycle
What is green chemistry?
Why algae?
Life cycle assessment (LCA) and techno-economic analysis (TEA): How is sustainability measured?
Polyester versus polyether polyurethanes and biodegradability
Why is the change so slow? The economics of petroleum
Stumbling out the gate: Greenwashing and the eco-consumer
Organization of the book
References
Part II: Re-evaluating the sources
Chapter 2: Why algae?
Abstract
Introduction
The foundations
Summary: Algae at agricultural and industrial scales
References
Chapter 3: Renewable, sustainable sources and bio-based monomers
Abstract
Introduction
Different types of polyols
Polyester polyols derived from natural oils
Polyester polyols derived from algae oil
Bio-based diacids for polyester polyols
Bio-based diisocyanates and polyisocyanates
Conclusions
References
Part III: Redefining the analytics
Chapter 4: Biodegradation: The biology
Abstract
Introduction
Definitions
Why don’t conventional materials biodegrade?
Biological processes
Environments suitable for biodegradation
Methods of measuring biodegradation
Organisms: Bacteria and fungi
Enzymes
Effects of chemical structures
Why definitions and measurements matter: Greenwashing
References
Chapter 5: Polyurethane processing and degradation: The analytical chemistry
Abstract
Introduction
Analytical methods of measuring polyurethane precursors
Analytical methods of monitoring biodegradation
References
Chapter 6: TEA and LCA of bio-based polyurethanes
Abstract
Introduction
The foundations
Summary
References
Part IV: Reformulating polyester polyurethanes
Chapter 7: Polyurethanes: Foams and thermoplastics
Abstract
Polyurethanes: The basics
Foams
Thermoplastics
Conclusions
References
Chapter 8: Coatings, adhesives, and sealants from polyester polyurethanes
Abstract
Introduction
Polyester polyurethane coatings and adhesives from algae-based raw materials
Formulation of coatings and adhesives from renewable polyester polyurethane
Chapter 11: The bioplastics market: History, commercialization trends, and the new eco-consumer
Abstract
The history of bioplastics
Current bioplastics market size and share
The reputation of bioplastics
The commercialization of new bioplastic technologies
The evolution of the eco-consumer
Barriers to commercialization
The future of the bioplastics market
Conclusion
References
Chapter 12: The future of biobased polymers from algae
Abstract
Introduction
Algae: The beginning
Petroleum is ancient algae
Our petroleum addiction
The origins of plastics
First-generation renewable plastics
Second-generation renewable plastics
Algae still the base of the global carbon cycle
Fuel, food, and bioplastics
Biodegradation
Recycling vs. monomer reuse
Technologies on the horizon that can help us realize a more sustainable future
How you can make an impact
Conclusion
References
Index
No. of pages: 318
Language: English
Published: April 24, 2023
Imprint: Elsevier
Paperback ISBN: 9780323999823
eBook ISBN: 9780323983136
RP
Robert S. Pomeroy
Robert S. “Skip” Pomeroy is a Teaching Professor at UC San Diego. He is an analytical chemist and works in several research centers within the university (CAICE, CalCAB, FF21, and the Center for Renewable Materials) serving as an educational lead and chemical analyst. He obtained his BA in chemistry from UC San Diego, MS in Analytical Chemistry from Cal Poly Pomona, and Ph.D in analytical chemistry from the University of Arizona, and was a postdoctoral student in the Marine Physical Lab at Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Dr. Pomeroy also served as the R&D lead for Southern Grouts and Mortars for 10 years.
Affiliations and expertise
Teaching Professor, UC San Diego, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, La Jolla, CA, USA