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Respiratory Neurobiology
Physiology and Clinical Disorders, Part I
- 1st Edition, Volume 188 - August 12, 2022
- Editors: Robert Chen, Patrice G. Guyenet
- Language: English
- Hardback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 1 5 3 4 - 2
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 1 5 3 5 - 9
Respiratory Neurobiology: Physiology and Clinical Disorders, Part One, Volume 188 is one of two volumes on the neurology of breathing. This volume focuses on the neurop… Read more
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Request a sales quoteRespiratory Neurobiology: Physiology and Clinical Disorders, Part One, Volume 188 is one of two volumes on the neurology of breathing. This volume focuses on the neurophysiology of breathing, while the second volume focuses on pathologies attributable to abnormalities of the neural control of breathing, breathing problems that may occur in neurological diseases, and the neurological complications of respiratory diseases.
- Explores the assessment and treatment of neural disorders of breathing
- Identifies neural complications of respiratory diseases
- Includes SIDS, stroke, Parkinson's, dementia, epilepsy, muscular dystrophy, and more
Clinical/translational neuroscientists
- Cover image
- Title page
- Table of Contents
- Copyright
- Handbook of Clinical Neurology 3rd Series
- Foreword
- Preface
- Contributors
- Chapter 1: Respiratory rhythm and pattern generation: Brainstem cellular and circuit mechanisms
- Abstract
- Introduction
- The Neuromechanical Phases of Breathing and Motor Pattern In Vivo
- Brainstem Respiratory Neurons: Nomenclature, Spiking Patterns, and Locations
- The Spatial-Functional Architecture and Properties of Brainstem Respiratory Structures
- Functional Respiratory Compartments and Local Circuits
- Identifying Intrinsic Oscillators in the Respiratory CPG
- Inspiratory Rhythm and Pattern Generation in preBötC Excitatory Circuits
- Generation of Inspiratory–Expiratory Patterns: Core Circuits and the Inhibitory Connectome
- Control of Respiratory Rhythm and Pattern by Modulatory Inputs
- Other Interacting Oscillations in Respiratory Pattern Generation
- Summary
- References
- Chapter 2: Central respiratory chemoreception
- Abstract
- Homeostatic and Other Functions of Central Respiratory Chemoreception
- Serotonergic Neurons and CRC
- Other Central Respiratory Chemoreceptor Candidates
- Relative Contribution of [H+], Molecular CO2, and Bicarbonate to CRC
- Conclusions: CRC: Facts, Speculations, and Potential Therapeutic Applications
- References
- Chapter 3: Neurobiology of the carotid body
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Structural Organization and Innervation of the Carotid Bodies
- Carotid Body-Mediated Systemic Responses. Peripheral Chemoreflex
- Functional Properties of Chemosensory Glomus Cells
- Chemosensory Glomus Cell-Afferent Fiber Synapse. Carotid Body Output
- Carotid Body Stem Cells and Progenitor Cells. Role in Plasticity
- Carotid Bodies and Mechanisms of Disease
- Concluding Remarks
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 4: Adaptive cardiorespiratory changes to chronic continuous and intermittent hypoxia
- Abstract
- Chronic Continuous Hypoxia
- Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 5: Early development of the breathing network
- Abstract
- Introduction
- General Principles of Brainstem Development
- Development of the Pontine Respiratory Group
- Development of the Dorsal Medullary Respiratory Column
- Development of the Ventral Medullary Respiratory Column
- Carotid Bodies
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 6: Critical roles for breathing in the genesis and modulation of emotional states
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Roles of Breathing in the Genesis of Emotion
- Neural Structures Common to Breathing and Emotion
- Mutual Importance of Breathing and Emotion
- Voluntary Control of Breathing as an Essential Practice for Achieving and Maintaining Emotional Well-Being
- Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 7: Breathing during sleep
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Effects on NREM and REM Sleep on Ventilation and the Rate, Depth and Pattern of Breathing
- Respiratory Changes during Sleep–Wake State Transitions
- Activity of Central Respiratory Neurons across Sleep–Wake States
- Wake-Active Neurons and the Wakefulness Stimulus for Breathing
- Clinical Trials Based on Studies of Wake-Active Neurons
- Sleep-Active Neurons and their Potential Effects on Breathing
- Ventilatory Chemosensitivity during Sleep
- Mechanisms and Pathways of the Arousal from Sleep Elicited by Chemical Stimulation of Breathing
- Conclusions
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 8: The physiology and pathophysiology of exercise hyperpnea
- Abstract
- Exercise Hyperpnea in Health
- Pathophysiology of Exercise Hyperpnea
- General Conclusions
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 9: Regulation of breathing by cardiopulmonary afferents☆
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Afferent Pathways
- Cardiovascular Afferents
- Respiratory Afferents
- Neuroepithelial Bodies
- Vagal Reflex Function
- Emergence of New Technology
- Interpretation of Some Special Issues
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 10: Respiratory–cardiovascular interactions
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Oscillations in the Cardiovascular System
- Respiratory Cardiac Coupling
- Respiratory Sympathetic Coupling
- Concluding Remarks and Some Future Perspectives
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 11: Dyspnea
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Multiple Forms and Dimensions of Dyspnea
- Air Hunger
- Perception of Effort to Breathe
- The Sensation of Chest Tightness and Asthma
- Clinical Management of Air Hunger
- Summary
- References
- Chapter 12: The pathophysiology of opioid-induced respiratory depression
- Abstract
- Introduction to Opiates and Synthetic Opioids
- Physiological Effects of Opioid Drugs
- Respiratory Effects of Opioid Drugs
- Neural Circuit Responsible for Opioid-Induced Respiratory Depression
- Molecular Mechanisms of Opioid-Induced Respiratory Depression
- Therapies to Prevent or Reverse Opioid-Induced Respiratory Depression
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 13: The sigh and related behaviors
- Abstract
- Introduction
- What Defines a Sigh?
- Emotional Sighing
- The Sigh as a Reflex
- Respiratory Variability and Sighing
- Cellular Determinants of Sighing in the CNS
- The Association of Sighing With Arousal
- Sneezing, Hiccupping, and Yawning
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 14: Neural control of the lower airways: Role in cough and airway inflammatory disease
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Sensory Afferent Innervation of the Lower Airways
- Autonomic Efferent Innervation of the Lower Airways
- Airway Inflammation-Induced Neuromodulation
- Role of Airway Nerves in Asthma, Airway Hyperreactivity, COPD, and Chronic Cough
- Summary
- References
- Chapter 15: The phrenic neuromuscular system
- Abstract
- The Diaphragm
- The Phrenic Nerve
- Phrenic Motoneurons
- Bulbospinal Innervation of the Phrenic Nucleus
- Corticospinal Inputs to PhrMNs
- Propriospinal Neurons and the Phrenic Motor Circuit
- Recruitment of PhrMNs
- Summary and Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 16: Respiratory neuroplasticity: Mechanisms and translational implications of phrenic motor plasticity
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Respiratory Neuroplasticity and Related Phenomena: Definitions
- Mechanisms of Respiratory Motor Plasticity
- Concluding Remarks: What Does It All Mean?
- Sources of funding
- References
- Index
- No. of pages: 460
- Language: English
- Edition: 1
- Volume: 188
- Published: August 12, 2022
- Imprint: Elsevier
- Hardback ISBN: 9780323915342
- eBook ISBN: 9780323915359
RC
Robert Chen
Dr. Robert Chen received MA and medical degrees (MBBChir) from the University of Cambridge and M.Sc. from the University of Toronto. He undertook Neurology residency at the Western University, and fellowship at the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. He is currently Professor of Medicine (Neurology) at the University of Toronto, the Catherine Manson Chair in Movement Disorders, Senior Scientist at the Krembil Brain Institute, a full member of the Institute of Medical Science at the University of Toronto, Editor-in-Chief of the Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences and Associate Editor for Movement Disorders. His research interests include human motor physiology, brain plasticity and understanding the pathophysiology and development of new treatments for movement disorders such as Parkinson’s disease and dystonia. He has published over 350 research papers with Google Scholar H-index of over 100.
Affiliations and expertise
Professor of Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto; Senior Scientist, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ONT, CanadaPG
Patrice G. Guyenet
Dr. Guyenet is a neuroscientist, Professor of Pharmacology, with a career spanning 42 years on the faculty of the University of Virginia (UVa) School of Medicine (Charlottesville, VA, USA). Born in France, he received his undergraduate education in the basic sciences at Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris (1967-1971). He earned a Ph.D. in neuropsychopharmacology from College de France, Paris, under the direction of College de France Professor Jacques Glowinski where his scientific career was launched (1972-1975). This was followed by postdoctoral studies in neurophysiology at Yale University (1976-1978) mentored by Dr. GK Aghajanian.
Dr. Guyenet joined the faculty of the University of Virginia School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology in 1978 pursuing a basic research focus on the autonomic nervous system and breathing. His research is a branch of Integrative Neuroscience, a discipline that seeks to understand how the brain processes specific types of information. The laboratory studies how the mammalian brain regulates respiration and blood pressure, two physiological processes that are dysfunctional in highly prevalent diseases (hypertension, obesity, apneic syndromes, heart failure, etc.). Continuously supported by the National Institutes of Health, Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, his research program has contributed to seminal progress in the field. A key advance has been the characterization of a lower brainstem nucleus that senses pH and maintains blood CO2 constant by adjusting lung ventilation (the retrotrapezoid nucleus). This work has given a new impetus to the study of central respiratory chemoreception, a field that is rapidly growing in the US and elsewhere. Dr. Guyenet and collaborators have published 243 articles in refereed scientific journals, including high impact publications such as Science, Nature, and Nature Neuroscience. His influence in the field is reflected by his scientific impact metrics (h-index 99; 28,000 citations).
Dr. Guyenet and his lab have received several awards including the NIH-HLBI Merit Award, the Carl Ludwig Distinguished lecture of the American Physiological Society, 2008, and UVa Distinguished Scientist Award, 2011. Additionally, Dr. Guyenet received the Edlich-Henderson Inventor of the Year Award (1996) along with colleagues J. Jagger, R. Pearson and J. Brand granted in recognition of three patents, two of which were successfully commercialized.
Along with research, teaching and mentoring has been integral to Dr. Guyenet’s academic contributions. Over four decades Dr. Guyenet mentored 15 PhDs and 24 postdoctoral scholars, many of whom have faculty positions in the US and elsewhere. He has been rewarded many times over by medical students for his teaching contributions including the Medical School Student Basic Sciences Teaching Awards (9 times) and the UVa Medical School Award for Excellence in Teaching (1995, 2003). Dr. Guyenet is especially grateful to his department chairmen, Drs. J. Larner, J. Garrison and D. Bayliss for their unflagging support and the freedom to seek his own path. Most importantly, he acknowledges the immense debt he owes to his enthusiastic, hard-working, and talented collaborators.
Finally, Dr. Guyenet thanks profusely everyone who has contributed to these twin volumes on Respiratory Neurobiology and hopes that the final product will be helpful to clinicians and basic scientists alike, as a scholarly reference or, hopefully, as an inspiration to move the field to new heights.
Affiliations and expertise
Professor of Pharmacology, Emeritus, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United StatesRead Respiratory Neurobiology on ScienceDirect