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Respiratory Neurobiology
Physiology and Clinical Disorders, Part II
- 1st Edition, Volume 189 - August 26, 2022
- Editors: Robert Chen, Patrice G. Guyenet
- Language: English
- Hardback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 1 5 3 2 - 8
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 1 5 3 3 - 5
Respiratory Neurobiology: Physiology and Clinical Disorders, Part Two, Volume 189 is one of two volumes on the neurology of breathing. This volume focuses on pathologies attrib… Read more
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Request a sales quoteRespiratory Neurobiology: Physiology and Clinical Disorders, Part Two, Volume 189 is one of two volumes on the neurology of breathing. This volume focuses on pathologies attributable to abnormalities of the neural control of breathing, breathing problems that may occur in neurological diseases, and the neurological complications of respiratory diseases, while volume one focuses on the neurophysiology of breathing.
- Explores the assessment and treatment of neural disorders of breathing
- Identifies neural complications of respiratory diseases
- Includes SIDS, stroke, Parkinson's, dementia, epilepsy, muscular dystrophy, and more
Clinical/translational neuroscientists
- Cover image
- Title page
- Table of Contents
- Copyright
- Handbook of Clinical Neurology 3rd Series
- Foreword
- Preface
- Contributors
- Section I: Assessment of the respiratory system in neurological disorders
- Chapter 1: Pulmonary function testing in neuromuscular disease
- Abstract
- Spirometry
- Flow-Volume Loops
- Assessment of Lung Volumes Other than Vital Capacity
- Assessing Respiratory Muscle Strength
- Cough Assessment
- Forced Oscillation Technique (Impulse Oscillometry)
- Summary
- References
- Chapter 2: Electrophysiological assessment of respiratory function
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Electrical Phrenic Nerve Conduction Studies
- Magnetic Stimulation of the Diaphragm and Phrenic Nerve
- Needle Electromyography of the Diaphragm
- Ultrasound-Guided Needle Electromyography
- Ultrasound for Respiratory Function Assessment
- Neurophysiological Assessment of Respiratory Function in Different Diseases
- Conclusions
- References
- Section II: Primary breathing disorders
- Chapter 3: Apnea of prematurity and sudden infant death syndrome
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Natural History of Apnea of Prematurity
- Characterization of Neonatal Cardiorespiratory Events
- Neural Mechanisms of Neonatal Apnea
- Physiologic Basis for Therapies
- Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 4: Developmental disorders affecting the respiratory system: CCHS and ROHHAD
- Abstract
- Introduction to Two Rare Neurocristopathies: CCHS & ROHHAD
- Genetic Basis of CCHS & ROHHAD
- Additional Genes Involved in Central Hypoventilation
- Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis of CCHS & ROHHAD
- Pathophysiology of CCHS and ROHHAD
- Implications of Respiratory, Cardiovascular, and Cerebrovascular Regulation
- Inheritance of PHOX2B Mutations and CCHS Phenotype
- The Neuroanatomical Basis of CCHS & ROHHAD
- Peripheral Neuroanatomic Findings in CCHS and ROHHAD
- Clinical Management
- Outcomes
- References
- Chapter 5: Central sleep apnea
- Abstract
- Pathophysiologic Determinants of Central Sleep Apnea
- Diagnosis and Classification of Central Sleep Apnea
- Risk Factors and Associated Conditions
- Treatment of Central Sleep Apnea
- A Proposed Approach to Select Clinical Scenarios
- Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 6: Obstructive sleep apnea
- Abstract
- Discovery of OSA
- Definition
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Complications of Sleep Apnea
- Treatment
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Section III: Neurological disorders affecting respiration
- Chapter 7: Breathing disturbances in Rett syndrome
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Irregular Breathing and Breathholds in Rett Syndrome
- Alteration in the Chemosensory Response
- The Role of Neurotransmitters and Neuromodulators in Rett Syndrome
- Breathholds, Intermittent Hypoxia, and Oxidative Stress in Rett Syndrome
- Breathing Dysfunction and the Coordination With Swallowing
- Sleep and Apneas in Rett Syndrome
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 8: Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: Respiratory mechanisms
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Epidemiology of Epilepsy and SUDEP
- Clinical Risk Factors for SUDEP
- Pathophysiology
- Insights from Animal Models of SUDEP
- Hypotheses of Postictal Respiratory Depression in SUDEP
- The 5-HT System and SUDEP
- Forebrain Inhibition of Breathing: Role of the Amygdala
- Summary and Future Directions
- References
- Chapter 9: Multiple Sclerosis and related disorders
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Clinical Overview of Multiple Sclerosis
- Disturbances of Respiratory Control in Multiple Sclerosis
- Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders and Control of Breathing
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 10: Stroke and breathing
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Acute Respiratory Changes and Management
- Respiratory Dysfunction in Brainstem Stroke
- Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Stroke
- Respiratory Mechanics after Stroke
- Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 11: Breathing disorders in neurodegenerative diseases
- Abstract
- Brief Overview of Neurodegenerative Disorders
- Pulmonary Function in Neurodegenerative Disorders
- Parkinsonian Disorders
- Alzheimer's Disease
- Huntington's Disease
- Spinocerebellar Ataxia
- Conclusions and Future Challenges
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 12: Spinal cord injury and degenerative cervical myelopathy
- Abstract
- Background
- Respiratory Pathophysiology of Spinal Cord Injury
- Assessments
- Diaphragmatic Function
- Diaphragmatic Electromyogram (EMG)
- Ultrasound
- Phrenic Nerve Conduction
- Fluoroscopy
- Common Respiratory Dysfunction in the Acute Stage of SCI
- Initial Laboratory Assessments
- Ongoing Respiratory Assessments
- Acute Respiratory Management of SCI
- Indications for Mechanical Ventilation
- Tracheostomy
- Weaning from Ventilation
- Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation
- Neuromodulation of Phrenic Nerve and Diaphragm
- Respiratory Muscle Training
- Respiratory Dysfunction after Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy
- Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 13: Motor neuron, peripheral nerve, and neuromuscular junction disorders
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Causes and Mechanisms of Respiratory Failure
- Respiratory Management of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
- Respiratory Management of Guillain–Barré Syndrome
- Respiratory Management of Myasthenia Gravis and Congenital Myasthenic Syndromes
- Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 14: Phrenic nerve paralysis and phrenic nerve reconstruction surgery
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Neuromuscular Components of the Respiratory System
- Neuromuscular Dysfunction Within the Respiratory System
- Diaphragm Dysfunction
- Treatment of Phrenic Nerve Injury
- Current and Future Directions
- References
- Online Sources
- Section IV: Cardiovascular disorders affecting respiration
- Chapter 15: Sleep and breathing disorders in heart failure
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Adverse Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Consequences of Sleep Apnea
- Mechanisms of Obstructive and Central Sleep Apnea in Heart Failure
- Treatment of Sleep Apnea in Heart Failure
- Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 16: Neurological effects of respiratory dysfunction
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Basic Physiology
- Respiratory Dysfunction
- Neurological Manifestations of Respiratory Dysfunction
- Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 17: Neurologic complications of coronavirus and other respiratory viral infections
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Respiratory Viruses and Other Viruses Causing Respiratory Dysfunction
- Respiratory Dysfunction by Viral Infection
- Pathophysiologic Mechanisms of Neurologic Involvement in Human Coronavirus Infection
- Neurologic Manifestations of Human Coronavirus Infection
- Conclusions
- References
- Section V: Treatment considerations for respiratory dysfunction in neurological disorders
- Chapter 18: Noninvasive and invasive mechanical ventilation for neurologic disorders
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Indications for Mechanical Ventilation
- Review of Mechanical Ventilation
- Priorities for Mechanical Ventilation
- Setting the Ventilator
- Indications and Targets for Mechanical Ventilation in Specific Neurologic Populations
- Liberation from Mechanical Ventilation
- Extubation in Neuromuscular Conditions
- Conclusion
- References
- Index
- No. of pages: 416
- Language: English
- Edition: 1
- Volume: 189
- Published: August 26, 2022
- Imprint: Elsevier
- Hardback ISBN: 9780323915328
- eBook ISBN: 9780323915335
RC
Robert Chen
Dr. Robert Chen received MA and medical degrees (MBBChir) from the University of Cambridge and M.Sc. from the University of Toronto. He undertook Neurology residency at the Western University, and fellowship at the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. He is currently Professor of Medicine (Neurology) at the University of Toronto, the Catherine Manson Chair in Movement Disorders, Senior Scientist at the Krembil Brain Institute, a full member of the Institute of Medical Science at the University of Toronto, Editor-in-Chief of the Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences and Associate Editor for Movement Disorders. His research interests include human motor physiology, brain plasticity and understanding the pathophysiology and development of new treatments for movement disorders such as Parkinson’s disease and dystonia. He has published over 350 research papers with Google Scholar H-index of over 100.
Affiliations and expertise
Professor of Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto; Senior Scientist, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ONT, CanadaPG
Patrice G. Guyenet
Dr. Guyenet is a neuroscientist, Professor of Pharmacology, with a career spanning 42 years on the faculty of the University of Virginia (UVa) School of Medicine (Charlottesville, VA, USA). Born in France, he received his undergraduate education in the basic sciences at Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris (1967-1971). He earned a Ph.D. in neuropsychopharmacology from College de France, Paris, under the direction of College de France Professor Jacques Glowinski where his scientific career was launched (1972-1975). This was followed by postdoctoral studies in neurophysiology at Yale University (1976-1978) mentored by Dr. GK Aghajanian.
Dr. Guyenet joined the faculty of the University of Virginia School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology in 1978 pursuing a basic research focus on the autonomic nervous system and breathing. His research is a branch of Integrative Neuroscience, a discipline that seeks to understand how the brain processes specific types of information. The laboratory studies how the mammalian brain regulates respiration and blood pressure, two physiological processes that are dysfunctional in highly prevalent diseases (hypertension, obesity, apneic syndromes, heart failure, etc.). Continuously supported by the National Institutes of Health, Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, his research program has contributed to seminal progress in the field. A key advance has been the characterization of a lower brainstem nucleus that senses pH and maintains blood CO2 constant by adjusting lung ventilation (the retrotrapezoid nucleus). This work has given a new impetus to the study of central respiratory chemoreception, a field that is rapidly growing in the US and elsewhere. Dr. Guyenet and collaborators have published 243 articles in refereed scientific journals, including high impact publications such as Science, Nature, and Nature Neuroscience. His influence in the field is reflected by his scientific impact metrics (h-index 99; 28,000 citations).
Dr. Guyenet and his lab have received several awards including the NIH-HLBI Merit Award, the Carl Ludwig Distinguished lecture of the American Physiological Society, 2008, and UVa Distinguished Scientist Award, 2011. Additionally, Dr. Guyenet received the Edlich-Henderson Inventor of the Year Award (1996) along with colleagues J. Jagger, R. Pearson and J. Brand granted in recognition of three patents, two of which were successfully commercialized.
Along with research, teaching and mentoring has been integral to Dr. Guyenet’s academic contributions. Over four decades Dr. Guyenet mentored 15 PhDs and 24 postdoctoral scholars, many of whom have faculty positions in the US and elsewhere. He has been rewarded many times over by medical students for his teaching contributions including the Medical School Student Basic Sciences Teaching Awards (9 times) and the UVa Medical School Award for Excellence in Teaching (1995, 2003). Dr. Guyenet is especially grateful to his department chairmen, Drs. J. Larner, J. Garrison and D. Bayliss for their unflagging support and the freedom to seek his own path. Most importantly, he acknowledges the immense debt he owes to his enthusiastic, hard-working, and talented collaborators.
Finally, Dr. Guyenet thanks profusely everyone who has contributed to these twin volumes on Respiratory Neurobiology and hopes that the final product will be helpful to clinicians and basic scientists alike, as a scholarly reference or, hopefully, as an inspiration to move the field to new heights.
Affiliations and expertise
Professor of Pharmacology, Emeritus, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States