Residual Current Devices
Selection, Operation, and Testing
- 1st Edition - January 11, 2022
- Latest edition
- Author: Stanislaw Czapp
- Language: English
Residual Current Devices: Selection, Operation, and Testing looks at the evolution in construction types of residual current devices and discusses the types and functiona… Read more
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Description
Description
Residual Current Devices: Selection, Operation, and Testing looks at the evolution in construction types of residual current devices and discusses the types and functional properties of contemporary systems. The principle of operation of elements is explained, along with the primary parameters of the devices and their selection and application, as well as the rules of backup protection of residual current devices. The requirements of the standards concerning the importance of obligatory use of devices are included, along with explanation of the needed protection in case of fault, additional protection, and protection against fire. The issue of residual current device operation in circuits with nonsinusoidal currents is detailed, giving special attention to the unique results of residual current device testing and tripping under distorted earth fault currents. In modern electrical and electronic installations, new complex challenges arise for designers and maintenance staff. This book is an essential guide to address those challenges, and its problem-solving section is useful for students, tutors, and academics, as well as engineers involved in the process of design, maintenance, and verification of safety in low-voltage electrical installations.
Key features
Key features
- Explains the practical aspects of the selection and utilization of residual current devices
- Provides guidance on the operation of residual current devices in modern circuits characterized by nonsinusoidal earth fault currents
- Features remedies for challenges in unwanted tripping of residual current devices during the obligatory verification of low-voltage systems
Readership
Readership
Graduate students, researchers, and practitioners in industry, who are working on the design and operation of power electronic equipment and engineers who are using the power electronic equipment in their application. Graduate courses, Fundamentals of Power Electronic (Graduate course, Intensive industrial course), Power Electronic Converters and Systems, Power Converters and their applications
Table of contents
Table of contents
1. Genesis of residual current devices
2. Construction of modern residual current devices
2.1 Electromechanical relay
2.2 Current transformer
2.3 Internal testing circuit
3. Types, parameters, and reliability of residual current devices
3.1 Conventional residual current devices
3.2 Special residual current devices and their functions
3.3 Failures of residual current devices
4. Protection against electric shock
4.1 Protection in case of fault
4.2 Additional protection
5. Protection against fire
5.1 Leakage currents
5.2 Arcing
6. Requirements of standards with reference to application of residual current devices
6.1 HD 60364-4-41:2017 Low-voltage electrical installations—Part 4-41: Protection for safety—Protection against electric shock
6.2 IEC 60364-5-53:2015 Low-voltage electrical installations—Part 5-53: Selection and erection of electrical equipment—Switchgear and controlgear
6.3 IEC 60364-5-55:2011 Electrical installations of buildings—Part 5-55: Selection and erection of electrical equipment—Other equipment
6.4 HD 60364-7-701:2007 Low-voltage electrical installations—Part 7-701: Requirements for special installations or locations—Locations containing a bath or shower
6.5 IEC 60364-7-702:2010 Low-voltage electrical installations—Part 7-702: Requirements for special installations or locations—Swimming pools and fountains
6.6 HD 60364-7-703:2005 Electrical installations of buildings—Part 7-703: Requirements for special installations or locations—Rooms and cabins containing sauna heaters
6.7 HD 60364-7-704:2007 Low-voltage electrical installations—Part 7-704: Requirements for special installations or locations—Construction and demolition site installations
6.8 HD 60364-7-705:2007 Low-voltage electrical installations—Part 7-705: Requirements for special installations or locations—Agricultural and horticultural premises
6.9 HD 60364-7-706:2007 Low-voltage electrical installations—Part 7-706: Requirements for special installations or locations—Conducting locations with restricted movement
6.10 IEC 60364-7-708:2017 Low-voltage electrical installations—Part 7-708: Requirements for special installations or locations—Caravan parks, camping parks and similar locations
6.11 HD 60364-7-709:2010/A12:2019 Low-voltage electrical installations—Part 7-709: Requirements for special installations or locations—Marinas and similar locations
6.12 HD 60364-7-710:2012 Low-voltage electrical installations—Part 7-710: Requirements for special installations or locations—Medical locations
6.13 IEC 60364-7-711:2018 Low-voltage electrical installations—Part 7-711: Requirements for special installations or locations—Exhibitions, shows and stands
6.14 HD 60364-7-712:2016 Low-voltage electrical installations—Part 7-712: Requirements for special installations or locations—Photovoltaic (PV) systems
6.15 IEC 60364-7-713:2013 Electrical installations of buildings—Part 7-713: Requirements for special installations or locations—Furniture
6.16 HD 60364-7-714:2012 Low-voltage electrical installations—Part 7-714: Requirements for special installations or locations—External lighting installations
6.17 HD 60364-7-721:2019 Low-voltage electrical installations—Part 7-721: Requirements for special installations or locations—Electrical installations in caravans and motor caravans
6.18 HD 60364-7-722:2018 Low-voltage electrical installations—Part 7-722: Requirements for special installations or locations—Supplies for electric vehicles
6.19 HD 60364-7-730:2015 Low-voltage electrical installations—Part 7-730: Requirements for special installations or locations—Onshore units of electrical shore connections for inland navigation vessels
6.20 HD 60364-7-740:2006 Electrical installations of buildings—Part 7-740: Requirements for special installations or locations—Temporary electrical installations for structures, amusement devices and booths at fairgrounds, amusement parks and circuses
6.21 IEC 60364-7-753:2014 Low-voltage electrical installations—Part 7-753: Requirements for special installations or locations—Heating cables and embedded heating systems
6.22 IEC 60364-5-56:2018 Low-voltage electrical installations—Part 5-56: Selection and erection of electrical equipment—Safety services
6.23 HD 60364-7-710:2012 Low-voltage electrical installations—Part 7-710: Requirements for special installations or locations—Medical locations
6.24 HD 60364-7-718:2013 Low-voltage electrical installations—Part 7-718: Requirements for special installations or locations—Communal facilities and workplaces
7. Backup protection of residual current devices
7.1 General information
7.2 Backup protection with the use of fuses
7.3 Backup protection with the use of miniature circuit-breakers
8. Circuits with nonsinusoidal currents
8.1 General information
8.2 Rectifiers
8.3 Alternating residual currents with harmonics
8.4 Alternating residual currents characterized by current delay angle (symmetrical current control)
8.5 Recommendations for residual current devices application to circuits with nonsinusoidal earth fault currents
9. Earth fault loop impedance measurement in circuits with residual current devices
9.1 General information
9.2 Properties of the loop impedance meters and testing of residual current devices
9.3 Special methods of the measurement to circuits with residual current devices
10. Residual current devices in circuits with surge protective devices
11. Immunity of residual current devices to the impulse leakage currents
12. Verification of residual current devices
12.1 General information
12.2 Verification of the tripping current
12.3 Verification of the break time
12.4 Fault diagnosis in circuits with residual current devices
Summary
Appendix A Examples of RCD selection
Appendix B Standards regarding residual current devices’ performance, application, and operation
2. Construction of modern residual current devices
2.1 Electromechanical relay
2.2 Current transformer
2.3 Internal testing circuit
3. Types, parameters, and reliability of residual current devices
3.1 Conventional residual current devices
3.2 Special residual current devices and their functions
3.3 Failures of residual current devices
4. Protection against electric shock
4.1 Protection in case of fault
4.2 Additional protection
5. Protection against fire
5.1 Leakage currents
5.2 Arcing
6. Requirements of standards with reference to application of residual current devices
6.1 HD 60364-4-41:2017 Low-voltage electrical installations—Part 4-41: Protection for safety—Protection against electric shock
6.2 IEC 60364-5-53:2015 Low-voltage electrical installations—Part 5-53: Selection and erection of electrical equipment—Switchgear and controlgear
6.3 IEC 60364-5-55:2011 Electrical installations of buildings—Part 5-55: Selection and erection of electrical equipment—Other equipment
6.4 HD 60364-7-701:2007 Low-voltage electrical installations—Part 7-701: Requirements for special installations or locations—Locations containing a bath or shower
6.5 IEC 60364-7-702:2010 Low-voltage electrical installations—Part 7-702: Requirements for special installations or locations—Swimming pools and fountains
6.6 HD 60364-7-703:2005 Electrical installations of buildings—Part 7-703: Requirements for special installations or locations—Rooms and cabins containing sauna heaters
6.7 HD 60364-7-704:2007 Low-voltage electrical installations—Part 7-704: Requirements for special installations or locations—Construction and demolition site installations
6.8 HD 60364-7-705:2007 Low-voltage electrical installations—Part 7-705: Requirements for special installations or locations—Agricultural and horticultural premises
6.9 HD 60364-7-706:2007 Low-voltage electrical installations—Part 7-706: Requirements for special installations or locations—Conducting locations with restricted movement
6.10 IEC 60364-7-708:2017 Low-voltage electrical installations—Part 7-708: Requirements for special installations or locations—Caravan parks, camping parks and similar locations
6.11 HD 60364-7-709:2010/A12:2019 Low-voltage electrical installations—Part 7-709: Requirements for special installations or locations—Marinas and similar locations
6.12 HD 60364-7-710:2012 Low-voltage electrical installations—Part 7-710: Requirements for special installations or locations—Medical locations
6.13 IEC 60364-7-711:2018 Low-voltage electrical installations—Part 7-711: Requirements for special installations or locations—Exhibitions, shows and stands
6.14 HD 60364-7-712:2016 Low-voltage electrical installations—Part 7-712: Requirements for special installations or locations—Photovoltaic (PV) systems
6.15 IEC 60364-7-713:2013 Electrical installations of buildings—Part 7-713: Requirements for special installations or locations—Furniture
6.16 HD 60364-7-714:2012 Low-voltage electrical installations—Part 7-714: Requirements for special installations or locations—External lighting installations
6.17 HD 60364-7-721:2019 Low-voltage electrical installations—Part 7-721: Requirements for special installations or locations—Electrical installations in caravans and motor caravans
6.18 HD 60364-7-722:2018 Low-voltage electrical installations—Part 7-722: Requirements for special installations or locations—Supplies for electric vehicles
6.19 HD 60364-7-730:2015 Low-voltage electrical installations—Part 7-730: Requirements for special installations or locations—Onshore units of electrical shore connections for inland navigation vessels
6.20 HD 60364-7-740:2006 Electrical installations of buildings—Part 7-740: Requirements for special installations or locations—Temporary electrical installations for structures, amusement devices and booths at fairgrounds, amusement parks and circuses
6.21 IEC 60364-7-753:2014 Low-voltage electrical installations—Part 7-753: Requirements for special installations or locations—Heating cables and embedded heating systems
6.22 IEC 60364-5-56:2018 Low-voltage electrical installations—Part 5-56: Selection and erection of electrical equipment—Safety services
6.23 HD 60364-7-710:2012 Low-voltage electrical installations—Part 7-710: Requirements for special installations or locations—Medical locations
6.24 HD 60364-7-718:2013 Low-voltage electrical installations—Part 7-718: Requirements for special installations or locations—Communal facilities and workplaces
7. Backup protection of residual current devices
7.1 General information
7.2 Backup protection with the use of fuses
7.3 Backup protection with the use of miniature circuit-breakers
8. Circuits with nonsinusoidal currents
8.1 General information
8.2 Rectifiers
8.3 Alternating residual currents with harmonics
8.4 Alternating residual currents characterized by current delay angle (symmetrical current control)
8.5 Recommendations for residual current devices application to circuits with nonsinusoidal earth fault currents
9. Earth fault loop impedance measurement in circuits with residual current devices
9.1 General information
9.2 Properties of the loop impedance meters and testing of residual current devices
9.3 Special methods of the measurement to circuits with residual current devices
10. Residual current devices in circuits with surge protective devices
11. Immunity of residual current devices to the impulse leakage currents
12. Verification of residual current devices
12.1 General information
12.2 Verification of the tripping current
12.3 Verification of the break time
12.4 Fault diagnosis in circuits with residual current devices
Summary
Appendix A Examples of RCD selection
Appendix B Standards regarding residual current devices’ performance, application, and operation
Review quotes
Review quotes
"This book would be of most interest to our readers who want to learn abot the operations and details of RCDs. It contains very good technical details and good discussions relating to applicable standardrs. Note that this book is exclusively focused on RCDs and does not cover GFCIs. Although the operating principals between RCDs and GFCIs are the same, the threshold requiremenets differ between international standards and US standards. Nonetheless, this is a very useful book for learning about these very important electrical safety devices."—IEEE - Electrical Insulation Magazine
Product details
Product details
- Edition: 1
- Latest edition
- Published: January 19, 2022
- Language: English
About the author
About the author
SC
Stanislaw Czapp
Dr. Stanislaw Czapp is an associate professor at the Faculty of Electrical and Control Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Poland. His research and teaching activity are related to electrical installations and devices, electric lighting, and in particular protection against electric shock. He has authored and coauthored many articles and conference papers, as well as unpublished studies such as designs, expert evaluations, and opinions.
Affiliations and expertise
Associate Professor, Gdańsk University of Technology, PolandView book on ScienceDirect
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