Reliability, Maintainability and Risk

Introduction to the Fourth EditionAcknowledgmentsPart One Understanding Reliability Parameters and Costs 1 The History of Reliability and Safety Technology 1.1 Failure Data 1.2 Hazardous Failures 1.3 Reliability and Risk Prediction 1.4 Achieving Reliability 1.5 Major Activities 1.6 Contractual Pressures 2 Understanding Terms and Jargon 2.1 Defining Failure and Failure Modes 2.2 Failure Rate and Mean Time Between Failures 2.3 Interrelationships of Terms 2.4 The Bathtub Distribution 2.5 Down Time and Repair Time 2.6 Availability 2.7 Hazard and Risk-Related Terms 2.8 Choosing the Appropriate Parameter 3 A cost-Effective Approach to Quality, Reliability and Safety 3.1 The Cost of Quality 3.2 Reliability and Cost 3.3 Costs and SafetyPart Two Interpreting Failure Rates 4 Realistic Failure Rates 4.1 Data Accuracy 4.2 Microelectronics Data 4.3 Overall Data 4.4 Sources of Failure Rate Data 5 Interpreting Data and Demonstrating Reliability 5.1 The Four Cases 5.2 Inference and Confidence Levels 5.3 The Chi-Square Test 5.4 Double-Sided Confidence Limits 5.5 Summarizing the Chi-Square Test 5.6 Reliability Demonstration 5.7 Sequential Testing 5.8 Setting up Demonstration Tests Exercises 6 Variable Failure Rates and Probability Plotting 6.1 The Weibull Distribution 6.2 Using the Weibull Method 6.3 More Complex Cases of the Weibull Distribution 6.4 Continuous Processes ExercisesPart Three Predicting Reliability and Risk 7 Essential Reliability Theory 7.1 Why Predict? 7.2 Probability Theory 7.3 Reliability of Series Systems 7.4 Redundancy Rules 7.5 General Features of Redundancy Exercises 8 Methods of Modeling 8.1 Markov Analysis Exercises 8.2 Fault Tree Analysis 8.3 Common Mode Effects 8.4 Cause Consequence Diagrams 8.5 Simulation 8.6 Human Factors 8.7 FMEA (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis) 9 Risk Assessment 9.1 Frequency and Consequence 9.2 Hazard Identification 9.3 Factors to QuantifyPart Four Achieving Reliability and Maintainability 10 Design and Assurance Techniques 10.1 Specifying and Allocating the Requirement 10.2 Stress Analysis 10.3 Environmental Stress Protection 10.4 Failure Mechanisms 10.5 Complexity and Parts 10.6 Burn-in and Screening 10.7 Maintenance Strategies 11 Design Review and Test 11.1 Review Techniques 11.2 Categories of Testing 11.3 Reliability Growth Modeling 12 Field Data Collection and Feedback 12.1 Reasons for Data Collection 12.2 Information and Difficulties 12.3 Spreadsheets and Databases 12.4 Analysis and Presentation of Results 12.5 Examples of Failure Report Forms 13 Factors Influencing Down Time 13.1 Key Design Areas 13.2 Maintenance Strategies and Handbooks 14 Predicting and Demonstrating Repair Times 14.1 Prediction Methods 14.2 Demonstration Plans 15 Software Quality/Reliability 15.1 Programmable Devices 15.2 Software Failures 15.3 Software Failure Modeling 15.4 Software Quality Assurance 15.5 Modern/Formal Methods 15.6 Software ChecklistsPart Five Legal and Management Considerations 16 Project Management 16.1 Setting Objectives and Specifications 16.2 Planning, Feasibility and Allocation 16.3 Programme Activities 16.4 Responsibilities 16.5 Standards and Guidance Documents 17 Contract Clauses and their Pitfalls 17.1 Essential Areas 17.2 Other Areas 17.3 Pitfalls 17.4 Penalties 17.5 Subcontracted Reliability Assessments 17.6 Example 18 Product Liability and Safety Legislation 18.1 The General Situation 18.2 Strict Liability 18.3 The Consumer Protection Act 1987 18.4 Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 18.5 Insurance and Product Recall 19 Safety-Critical Systems and Major Incidents 19.1 History of Major Incidents 19.2 Major Incident Legislation 19.3 Safety-Critical Systems 19.4 Current Guidance 20 A case Study 20.1 Introduction 20.2 The DATAMET Concept 20.3 Formation of the Project Group 20.4 Reliability Requirements 20.5 First Design Review 20.6 Design and Development 20.7 Syndicate Study 20.8 HintsAppendix 1 GlossaryAppendix 2 Percentage Points of the Chi-Square DistributionAppendix 3 Microelectronics Failure RatesAppendix 4 General Failure RatesAppendix 5 Failure Mode PercentagesAppendix 6 Human Error RatesAppendix 8 Answers to ExercisesAppendix 7 Fatality RatesAppendix 9 BibliographyAppendix 10 Software PackagesAppendix 11 Simulation Source CodeIndex