Foreword PerspectivesThe contribution of rice research to poverty alleviation (D. Dawe). C3 versus C4 photosynthesis in rice: ecophysiological perspectives (R.F. Sage). Photosynthesis, Models, Structure, and GrowthLimits to yield for C3 and C4 rice: an agronomist's view(J.E. Sheehy). Would C4 rice produce more biomass than C3 rice?(J.R. Evans, S. von Caemmerer). Will increased photosynthetic efficiency lead to increased yield in rice?(T.D. Sharkey, M.M. Laporte, E.L. Kruger). C4 rice: What are the lessons from developmental and molecular studies?(W.C. Taylor). C3 and C4 PathwaysRequirements for the CO2-concentrating mechanism in C4 plants relative to limitations on carbon assimilation in rice(G.E. Edwards, O. Kiirats, A. Laisk, T.W. Okita). Overcoming barriers: CO2-concentrating mechanisms and C4 metabolism in relation to transport(R.C. Leegood). C4 photosynthesis in rice: some lessons from studies of C3 photosynthesis in field-grown rice(P. Horton, E.H. Murchie). Performance of a potential C4 rice: overview from quantum yield to grain yield(P.L. Mitchell, J.E. Sheehy). Genes, Physiology, and FunctionHow to express some C4 photosynthesis genes at high levels in rice(M. Matsuoka, H. Fukayama, H. Tsuchida, M. Nomura, S. Agarie, M.S.B. Ku, M. Miyao). Influence of carbon-nitrogen balance on productivity of C3 plants and effect of high expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in transgenic rice(M. Osaki, T. Shinano). Photosynthetic performance of transgenic rice plants overexpressing maize C4 photosynthesis enzymes(M.S.B. Ku, D. Cho, U. Ranade, T.-P. Hsu, X. Li, D.-M. Jiao, J. Ehleringer, M. Miyao, M. Matsuoka). Rice: Practical IssuesStrategies for increasing the yield potential of rice(G.S. Khush). Single-leaf and canopy photosynthesis of rice(S. Peng). Future intensification of irrigated rice systems(A. Dobermann). Rate-limiting steps in nitrogen acquisition by rice in flooded soil (G.J.D. Kirk). ReflectionsGenetic modification and agriculture (P.L. Mitchell, J.E. Sheehy). Discussion: opportunities for redesigning rice photosynthesis (P.L. Mitchell, J.E. Sheehy). Index