Rationality

Constraints and Contexts

1st Edition - September 1, 2016
Imprint: Academic Press
Editors: Tzu-Wei Hung, Timothy Joseph Lane
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 0 4 6 0 0 - 5
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 0 4 6 2 3 - 4

Rationality: Contexts and Constraints is an interdisciplinary reappraisal of the nature of rationality. In method, it is pluralistic, drawing upon the analytic approaches of philos… Read more

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Rationality: Contexts and Constraints is an interdisciplinary reappraisal of the nature of rationality. In method, it is pluralistic, drawing upon the analytic approaches of philosophy, linguistics, neuroscience, and more. These methods guide exploration of the intersection between traditional scholarship and cutting-edge philosophical or scientific research. In this way, the book contributes to development of a suitably revised, comprehensive understanding of rationality, one that befits the 21st century, one that is adequately informed by recent investigations of science, pathology, non-human thought, emotion, and even enigmatic Chinese texts that might previously have seemed to be expressions of irrationalism.

I: Introduction

Introduction
Chapter 1: Rationality and its Contexts
- Abstract
- Acknowledgments

II: Science

Introduction
Chapter 2: Bayesian Psychology and Human Rationality
- Abstract
- 2.1. Introduction
- 2.2. The standard picture and the standard empirical challenge
- 2.3. The standard challenge to human rationality
- 2.4. Rationality reanimated
- 2.5. Rationality rechallenged
- Acknowledgments
Chapter 3: Scientific Rationality: Phlogiston as a Case Study
- Abstract
- 3.1. Introduction
- 3.2. Chang on retaining phlogiston
- 3.3. Evaluating the benefits of retaining phlogiston
- 3.4. The rationality of eliminating/retaining phlogiston
- 3.5. Scientific rationality more generally
- 3.6. Conclusions
- Acknowledgments
Chapter 4: Cross-Cultural Differences in Thinking: Some Thoughts on Psychological Paradigms
- Abstract
- 4.1. Introduction: a universal mind game
- 4.2. Piecemeal intellectual endeavours
- 4.3. Is the psychology of thinking inherently culturally biased toward explaining western behavior?
- 4.4. A holistic analysis of holistic versus analytic thinking
- 4.5. Some thought experiments
- 4.6. What of cognitive universals?
- 4.7. Resolutions

III: Pathology

Introduction
Chapter 5: Delusion and the Norms of Rationality
- Abstract
- 5.1. Introduction
- 5.2. The epistemic conception of delusion
- 5.3. The absence of reasoning deficits
- 5.4. The challenge from cognitive neuropsychiatry
- 5.5. The demarcation challenge
- 5.6. The functional conception of delusion
- 5.7. Conclusions
Chapter 6: Outline of a Theory of Delusion: Irrationality and Pathological Belief
- Abstract
- 6.1. Delusions
- 6.2. A social theory of delusion
- 6.3. Rationality redux: formulating the problem
Chapter 7: Is Depressive Rumination Rational?
- Abstract
- 7.1. Introduction
- 7.2. The analytical rumination hypothesis
- 7.3. Rumination
- 7.4. Rumination and the resting state hypothesis of MDD
- 7.5. The resting state, depressive rumination, and rationality
- 7.6. Conclusions
- Acknowledgments

IV: Irrationality

Introduction
Chapter 8: Reason and Unreason in Chinese Philosophy
- Abstract
- 8.1. Incommensurability thesis
- 8.2. The very idea of correlative thinking
- 8.3. Ineffability of yi (oneness) in Zhuangzi’s daoism
- 8.4. In what sense is yi ineffable or unnamable?
- 8.5. Transcendence of logic and rationality in Zen Buddhism
- 8.6. Does zen transcend logic and rationality?
- 8.7. Conclusions
Chapter 9: Irrationally Intelligible or Rationally Unintelligible?
- Abstract
- 9.1. Introduction
- 9.2. The semantic concept of truth in ancient Chinese philosophy
- 9.3. Paradoxical expressions and the white horse paradox
- 9.4. Charity and humanity
Chapter 10: Does Classical Chinese Philosophy Reveal Alternative Rationalities?
- Abstract
- 10.1. Introduction
- 10.2. Identifying different rationality by identifying different logic
- 10.3. Attribution of inconsistency and different logic: a circular argument
- 10.4. Attribution of inconsistencies and different paradigm of rationality: an alternative defence
- 10.5. Assumption of consistency in the interpretation of multiple authors texts
- 10.6. Conclusions

V: Nonhuman

Introduction
Chapter 11: Bridging the Logic-Based and Probability-Based Approaches to Artificial Intelligence
- Abstract
- 11.1. Introduction
- 11.2. Two systems to switch between
- 11.3. Modeling systems 1.5 and 2.0
- 11.4. What rationality permits
- 11.5. Reasonable nonmonotonic logic?
- 11.6. Main results
- 11.7. Concluding remarks
- Acknowledgments
Chapter 12: Rationality and Escherichia Coli
- Abstract
- 12.1. Introduction
- 12.2. Three theses and their inconsistency
- 12.3. Possible solutions and E. coli’s rationality
- 12.4. Objections and replies
- 12.5. Further questions

VI: Communication and emotion

Introduction
Chapter 13: Rational Belief and Evidence-Based Update
- Abstract
- 13.1. Introduction
- 13.2. Reliability of testimony
- 13.3. Rational acceptance
- 13.4. Reliability and update
- 13.5. Rational update
- Acknowledgments
Chapter 14: Reason and Emotion in Xunzi’s Moral Psychology

Abstract
14.1. Soek’s two models
14.2. The high reason model
14.3. The high reason model and Xunzi’s moral psychology
14.4. Clarification of the concepts: xin and qing
14.5. The roles xin and qing play in moral reasoning
14.6. Moral reasoning as conscious cost-benefit analysis
14.7. More on the role qing plays in the reasoning process
14.8. Xunzi’s hybrid model and his conception of moral reason
Acknowledgments

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Rationality

Constraints and Contexts

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Tzu-Wei Hung

Timothy Joseph Lane

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