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Rare Earth Element Geochemistry
- 1st Edition, Volume 2 - October 22, 2013
- Editor: P. Henderson
- Language: English
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 2 - 8 9 7 7 - 9
Developments in Geochemistry, Volume 2: Rare Earth Element Geochemistry presents the remarkable developments in the chemistry and geochemistry of the rare earth elements. This b… Read more
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Request a sales quoteDevelopments in Geochemistry, Volume 2: Rare Earth Element Geochemistry presents the remarkable developments in the chemistry and geochemistry of the rare earth elements. This book discusses the analytical techniques and the recognition that rare earth fractionation occurs naturally in different ways. Organized into 13 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the wide array of types and sizes of the cation coordination polyhedral in rock-forming minerals. This text then examines the application of rare earth element abundances to petrogenetic problems that has centered on the evolution of igneous rocks. Other chapters consider the matching of observed rare earth element abundances with those provided by the theoretical modeling of petrogenetic processes. This book discusses as well the hypotheses on the genesis of a rock or mineral suite. The final chapter deals with the principal analytical methods. This book is a valuable resource for undergraduates, lecturers, and researchers who study petrology and geochemistry.
Preface
List of Contributors
Symbols
Chapter 1. General Geochemical Properties and Abundances of the Rare Earth Elements
1.1. Introduction
1.2. Abundances in the Solar System, Sun and Earth
1.3. Data Presentation
1.4. Oxidation States
1.5. Element Co-Ordination and Ionic Radii
1.6. Element Substitution and Partition
1.7. Geochemical Reference Literature
References
Chapter 2. Minerology of the Rare Earth Elements
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Halides
2.3. Carbonates
2.4. Carbonates with Fluoride
2.5. Oxides
2.6. Borate
2.7. Silicates
2.8. Silicates with Other Anions
2.9. Phosphates
2.10. Arsenates
2.11. Sulphate
References
Chapter 3. Cosmochemistry of the Rare Earth Elements: Meteorite Studies
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Condensation Theory
3.3. REE abundances in Ca, Al-Rich Inclusions
3.4. REE in Other Components of Chondrites
3.5. Whole-Rock Chondrite Analyses
3.6. Analyses of Achondrites
3.7. REE in Other Differentiated Meteorites
3.8. Summary of REE Cosmochemistry and Future Directions
References
Chapter 4. Petrogenetic Modeling - Use of Rare Earth Elements
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Modeling of Separation Processes
4.3. Simple Chemical Partitioning — The Nernst D
4.4. Equilibrium Melting and Crystallization
4.5. Fractional Crystallization: Continuous Removal of Crystals
4.6. Fractional Crystallization: Crystal Zoning-Surface Equilibrium
4.7. Incremental Partial Melting
4.8. Zone Melting
4.9. Extraction
4.10. Mixing
4.11. References to Combined Models, and Other Comments
References
Chapter 5. Rare Earth Element Abundances in Upper Mantle Rocks
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Alpine Peridotites
5.3. Ultramafics Associated with Ophiolites
5.4. Ocean Floor Peridotites
5.5. Ultramafic Inclusions in Basalts and Kimberlites
5.6. Implications of REE Data for Upper Mantle Composition and Upper Mantle Processes
References
Chapter 6. The Rare Earth Element Characteristics of Igneous Rocks from the Ocean Basins
6.1. Introduction
6.2. History of Research
6.3. Ocean Ridge Basalts
6.4. Ocean Islands
6.5. Ocean Plateau Volcanism
6.6. Factors Controlling the Distribution of REE in Oceanic Basalts
6.7. Summary and Conclusions
References
Chapter 7. Rare Earth Elements in Igneous Rocks of the Continental Crust: Predominantly Basic and Ultrabasic Rocks
7.1. Introduction
7.2. Kimberlite
7.3. Carbonatites and Associated Alkalic Silicate Rocks
7.4. Lamprophyres
7.5. Komatiites and Associated Basic Rocks
7.6. Alkaline Mafic Rocks and Associated Intermediate and Felsic Rocks
7.7. Tholeiitic Basalts — Continental, Back-Arc Basins and Island Arcs
7.8. Summary
References
Chapter 8. Rare Earth Elements in Igneous Rocks of the Continental Crust: Intermediate and Silicic Rocks - Ore Petrogenesis
8.1. Introduction
8.2. Andesites and Associated Rocks
8.3. Anorthosites and Associated Jotunites, Mangerites, and Charnockites
8.4. Granitic Rocks — Quartz Diorite, Tonalite, Granodiorite, and Trondhjemite
8.5. Granitic Rocks — Monzogranites and Syenogranites
8.6. REE in Hydro Thermal Systems
8.7. Summary
References
Chapter 9. The Mobility of the Rare Earth Elements in the Crust
9.1. Introduction
9.2. Factors Affecting the Degree of Mobility of the REE
9.3. Igneous Crystallization History—the Distribution of REE in the Unalterec Rock and their Susceptibility to Weathering and Alteration
9.4. The Fluid Phase
9.5. Uptake of the REE by Secondary Minerals
9.6. Conclusions
References
Chapter 10. Aqueous and Sedimentary Geochemistry of the Rare Earth Elements
10.1. Introduction
10.2. Weathering and Transport
10.3. The Marine Environment
10.4. REE Contents of Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks
10.5. Diagenesis
References
Chapter 11. Radiogenic Isotopes - Some Geological Applications
11.1. Introduction
11.2. Radioactive Decay
11.3. Geochronology — The Dating of Rocks and Minerals
11.4. Model Nd, or TNdCHUR, Ages
11.5. Isotopes as Tracers in Petrogenesis
11.6. Isotope Variations in Seawater
11.7. Models for the Evolution of the Earth's Crust and Mantle
11.8. Lu-Hf Isotopes
11.9. Concluding Remarks
Appendix
References
Chapter 12. The Economic Importance of the Rare Earth Elements
12.1. Introduction
12.2. Abundance and Ore Mineralogy
12.3. Geological Characteristics of the Deposits
12.4. World Reserves and Resources
12.5. Mining, Mineral Processing, Extraction and Separation
12.6. Historical Production and Demand
12.7. Current Uses
12.8. Use Development
References
Chapter 13 Analytical Chemistry
13.1. Introduction
13.2. Neutron Activation Analysis
13.3. Mass-Spectrometric Isotope Dilution Analysis
13.4. Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometry
13.5. Other Methods
13.6. Concluding Statement
References
Subject Index
- Language: English
- Edition: 1
- Volume: 2
- Published: October 22, 2013
- Imprint: Elsevier Science
- eBook ISBN: 9781483289779
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