Radioisotope Instruments

Contents

Foreword

Preface

Acknowledgments to Part 1

Chapter 1 Introduction


1.1 The Physical Basis of Radioisotope Instruments


1.2 Technical Advantages of Radioisotope Instruments


1.3 Economic Advantages of Radioisotope Instruments


1.4 Some Characteristics of Radioisotope Instruments


1.5 Radiation Hazard

Chapter 2 Commercial Radioisotope Instruments


2.1 Introduction


2.2 Radiation Sources and Detectors


2.2.1 Radiation Sources and Source-Holders


2.2.2 Radiation Detectors


2.3 Measuring Heads


2.3.1 Measuring Heads Used in the Continuous Measurement of Mass Per Unit Area and Thickness


2.3.2 Measuring Heads Used in Coating and Plating Thickness Measurement


2.3.3 Level Gauges and Package Monitors, Density Gauges and Soil Moisture-Density Gauges, Analytical Instruments


2.4 Indicating Units


2.4.1 General Design Features


2.4.2 Consoles


2.4.3 Deviation and Limit Indicators, Operator's Control Units and Recorders


2.5 Computing and Control Units


2.5.1 Difference, Ratio and Average Computers


2.5.2 Production Analyzers


2.5.3 Automatic Process Control


2.5.4 Automatic Standardization

Chapter 3 Application of Radioisotope Instruments in Industry


3.1 Introduction


3.2 Advantages of Radioisotope Instruments


3.2.1 Technical Advantages


3.2.2 Cost


3.2.3 Economic Benefits


3.3 Summary of The Uses of Radioisotope Instruments


3.4 Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing


3.4.1 Agriculture


3.4.2 Forestry


3.5 Mining and Quarrying


3.5.1 Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas


3.5.2 Coal


3.5.3 Metal Mining


3.5.4 Non-Metallic Mining and Quarrying


3.6 The Manufacturing Industries


3.6.1 The Food and Beverage Industries


3.6.2 The Tobacco Industry


3.6.3 Manufacture of Textiles


3.6.4 The Wood and Cork Industry


3.6.5 Manufacture of Paper and Paper Products


3.6.6 Printing, Publishing and Allied Industries


3.6.7 Manufacture of Leather and Leather and Fur Products


3.6.8 Manufacture of Rubber Products


3.6.9 Chemicals and Chemical Products


3.6.10 Manufacture of Products of Petroleum and Coal


3.6.11 Manufacture of Non-Metallic Mineral Products


3.6.12 The Basic Metals Industry


3.6.13 Manufacture of Metal Products


3.6.14 Manufacture of Machinery


3.6.15 Manufacture of Transport Equipment


3.6.16 Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries


3.7 Civil Engineering Constructions


3.7.1 Stability of Civil Engineering Constructions and Building Foundations 2


3.7.2 Measurements of The Density and Moisture Content of Concrete


3.7.3 Location of Reinforcing Bars


3.7.4 Density of Spoil in Suction Dredging Using Silt Density Gauges


3.7.5 Other Applications


3.8 Electricity, Gas, Water and Sanitary Services


3.8.1 Electricity, Gas and Steam


3.8.2 Water and Sanitary Services


3.9 Research, Services, Transport and Communications


3.9.1 Meteorological, Geophysical and Hydrological Research


3.9.2 Libraries and Museums


3.9.3 Space Research


3.9.4 Transport and Communications

Chapter 4 Health and Safety, Legal Requirements and Insurance


4.1 Introduction


4.2 Radiation Hazard and Its Control


4.2.1 Radiation Units


4.2.2 Biological Effects of Radiation


4.2.3 Maximum Permissible Levels of Radiation


4.2.4 External Radiation Hazard and Its Control


4.2.5 Internal Radiation Hazard and Its Control—Contamination Control


4.2.6 Radiation Intensity Monitoring Instruments


4.3 Legislation and Codes of Practice Governing the Use of Sealed Radioisotope Sources


4.3.1 International Regulations and Codes of Practice


4.3.2 Legislation and Codes of Practice in the United Kingdom


4.3.3 The Radiological Protection Service


4.3.4 Practical Methods of Reducing Exposure and Hazard in Radioisotope Instruments


4.4 Insurance of Sealed Radioisotope Sources and Installations


4.4.1 Types of Risk