Psychobiology Behavior From a Biological Perspective

List of Contributors

Preface

Chapter 1. Evolution of Behavior

I. Introduction

II. Behavior as Adaptation to the Environment

III. How Selection Operates

IV. The Origins of Behavior

V. Sexual Isolation

References

Chapter 2. The Concept of Instinct

I. Introduction

II. Traditional Instinct Approach

III. The Ontogenetic Approach

IV. The Variance Approach

V. Instinct and Heritability

VI. Difficulties with the Model

VII. Measurement of Heritability

VIII. The Control of Behavior

IX. Experience and the Development of Behavior

X. Conclusion

Referenced

Chapter 3. Sensory Processes and Behavior

I. Introduction

II. The Behavioral Relevance of Physiological Findings

III. Sensory Systems and Behavior

References

Chapter 4. Appetite Motivation

I. Introduction

II. Hunger and Thirst

III. What Produces Thirst?

IV. What Produces Hunger?

V. Where Do Changes Producing Hunger and Thirst Act?

VI. Has Thirst Really Been Produced?

VII. Central Nervous System Loci Linked to Hunger

VIII. Is it Real Hunger Which is Produced by Electrical Stimulation?

IX. What Other Properties Do These Central Drive Mechanisms Have?

X. Regulation of Amount Eaten or Drunk

XI. Counter injection

XII. The Afferent Inhibition View of Satiation

XIII. Specific Hungers

XIV. Reward

References

Chapter 5. Attentive Processes

I. Introduction

II. Objects of Sensorial Attention

III. The Measurement of Attention

IV. The Utility of the Construct "Attention"

V. Neural Mechanisms

VI. Concluding Remarks

References

Chapter 6. Brain Mechanisms of Memory

I. The Development of Our Ideas about Localization of Brain Functions

II. The Localization of Function

III. The Localizationist Position

IV. Theories of Memory Localization

V. The Antilocalizationist Viewpoint

VI. The Localization of Memory

VII. The Localization of Speech Function

VIII. Objections to Deterministic Theories

IX. How are Memories Established?

X. Self-selection of Representation Neurons

XI. Critical Substance and Critical Shift

XII. The Multiple-Trace Theory

XIII. Does Critical Shift in Some Cells Imply Deterministic Function?

XIV. Mechanisms of Stable Information Storage

XV. Electrophysiological Studies of Learning and Memory

XVI. Tracer Technique

XVII. Appearance of Electrical Similarities in Different Brain Regions

XVIII. Relationship between Waveshape and Site of Stimulation

XIX. Relationship between Waveshape and Meaning

XX. Endogenous Components in the Response of the Brain to Stimuli

XXI. Difference Waveshapes and the Readout of Stored Information

XXII. Relation between Single-Unit Activity and Evoked Potentials

XXIII. Chronic Microelectrode Studies

XXIV. Conclusions

References

Chapter 7. Cognitive Deficit: Experimental Analysis

I. Aims and Methods

II. Natural History

III. Perception

IV. Language Disorder

V. Sequencing of Information

VI. Spatial Performance

VII. The Analysis of Learning Deficit

VIII. Anatomical Basis of Cerebral Function

References

Author Index

Subject Index