Protocols in Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry

2nd Edition - October 16, 2024
Imprint: Academic Press
Authors: Buddhi Prakash Jain, Shweta Pandey, Shyamal K Goswami
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 3 9 4 5 - 1
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 3 9 4 6 - 8

Protocols in Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, second edition, offers clear, applied instruction in fundamental biochemistry methods and protocols, from buffer preparati… Read more

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Protocols in Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, second edition, offers clear, applied instruction in fundamental biochemistry methods and protocols, from buffer preparation to nucleic acid purification, protein, lipid, carbohydrate, and enzyme testing, and clinical testing of vitamins, glucose, and cholesterol levels, among other diagnostics. Each protocol is illustrated with step-by-step instructions, labeled diagrams, and color images, as well as a thorough overview of materials and equipment, precursor techniques, safety considerations and standards, analysis and statistics, alternative methods, and troubleshooting, all to support a range of study types and clinical diagnostics.

This fully revised edition has been expanded and enriched to feature 100 protocols, as well as chapter key term definitions and worked examples. All-new protocols added to this edition include identification of lipids by TLC, lipid per oxidation measurement by thiobarbituric acid assays, determination of serum amylase, catalase activity assay, superoxide dismutase assay, qualitative analysis of plant secondary metabolites, qualitative analysis of photochemicals, quantitative estimation of secondary metabolites, estimation of chlorophyll contents, and starch determination, among others. Each protocol is written to help researchers and clinicians easily reproduce lab methods and ensure accurate test results.

Protocols in Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry
Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Author Biography
Techniques
Centrifugation
Electrophoresis
Spectrophotometer
Chromatography
Titration
Section I: Solutions, Acids and Bases
Chapter 1 Preparation of Solutions
Abstract
Keywords
Chapter 2 Acids and Bases
Abstract
Keywords
Electrolytes
Buffer
Problem
Solution
Question
Answer
Section II: Carbohydrates
Chapter 3 Determination of the Presence of Carbohydrates in the Given Sample by Molisch’s Test
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-step method details
Expected outcomes
Advantages
Limitations
Optimization and troubleshooting
Potential Solution to Optimize the Procedure
Safety considerations and standards
Alternative methods/procedures
Chapter 4 Determination of the Presence of Reducing Carbohydrates in the Given Sample by Picric Acid Test
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-step method details
Expected outcomes
Advantages
Limitations
Optimization and troubleshooting
Potential Solution to Optimize the Procedure
Safety considerations and standards
Alternative methods/procedures
Chapter 5 Determination of the Presence of Reducing Carbohydrates in the Given Sample by Fehling’s Test
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and Equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-Step Method Details
Expected Outcomes
Advantages
Limitations
Optimization and Troubleshooting
Potential Solution to Optimize the Procedure
Safety Considerations and Standards
Alternative Methods/Procedures
Chapter 6 Determination of the Presence of Reducing Carbohydrates in the Given Sample by Benedict’s Test
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-step method details
Expected outcomes
Advantages
Limitations
Optimization and troubleshooting
Potential Solution to Optimize The Procedure
Safety considerations and standards
Alternative methods/procedures
Chapter 7 Determination of the Presence of Reducing Carbohydrates in the Given Sample by Tommer’s Test
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-step method details
Expected outcomes
Advantages
Limitations
Optimization and troubleshooting
Potential Solution to Optimize the Procedure
Safety considerations and standards
Alternative methods/procedures
Chapter 8 Determination of the Presence of Reducing Carbohydrates in the Given Sample by Nylander’s Test
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-step method details
Expected outcomes
Advantages
Limitations
Optimization and troubleshooting
Potential Solution to Optimize the Procedure
Safety considerations and standards
Alternative methods/procedures
Chapter 9 Detection of the Presence of Monosaccharides and Reducing Disaccharides by Barfoed’s Test
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-step method details
Expected outcomes
Advantages
Limitations
Optimization and troubleshooting
Potential Solution to Optimize the Procedure
Safety considerations and standards
Alternative methods/procedures
Chapter 10 Differentiation Between Aldose and Ketose Sugars by Seliwanoff’s Test
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-step method details
Expected outcomes
Advantages
Optimization and troubleshooting
Potential Solution to Optimize the Procedure
Safety considerations and standards
Chapter 11 Determination of Pentose Sugar by Bial’s Test
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-step method
Expected outcomes
Advantages
Limitations
Optimization and troubleshooting
Potential Solution to Optimize the Procedure
Safety considerations and standards
Alternative methods/procedures
Chapter 12 Determination of the Presence of Galactose in the Test Sample by the Mucic Acid Test
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and Equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-Step Method Details
Expected Outcomes
Advantages
Limitations
Optimization and Troubleshooting
Potential Solution to Optimize the Procedure
Safety Considerations and Standards
Chapter 13 Differentiation Between the Presence of Ketohexose and Aldohexose in the Test Sample by Foulger’s Test
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and Equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-Step Method Details
Expected Outcomes
Advantages
Optimization and Troubleshooting
Potential Solution to Optimize the Procedure
Safety Considerations and Standards
Chapter 14 Determination of Reducing Carbohydrates by Fearon’s Methylamine Test
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and Equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-Step Method Details
Expected Outcomes
Advantages
Optimization and Troubleshooting
Potential Solution to Optimize the Procedure
Safety Considerations and Standards
Alternative Methods/Procedures
Chapter 15 Confirmation of the Presence of Reducing Carbohydrates in the Given Sample by Osazone Formation Test
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and Equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-Step Method Details
Expected Outcomes
Advantages
Optimization and Troubleshooting
Potential Solution to Optimize the Procedure
Safety Considerations and Standards
References
Chapter 16 Determination of the Presence of Polysaccharides in the Given Sample by Iodine Test
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and Equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-Step Method Details
Expected Outcomes
Advantages
Optimization and Troubleshooting
Potential Solution to Optimize the Procedure
Safety Considerations and Standards
Chapter 17 Quantitative Estimation of Carbohydrates in the Given Sample by Anthrone Test
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-step method details
Expected outcomes
Quantification and statistical analysis
Advantages
Optimization and troubleshooting
Potential Solution to Optimize the Procedure
Safety considerations and standards
Chapter 18 Quantitative Estimation of Reducing Carbohydrates in the Given Sample by 3,5-Dinitro Salicylic Acid Test
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-step method
Expected outcomes
Quantification and statistical analysis
Calculation
Advantages
Optimization and troubleshooting
Potential Solution to Optimize the Procedure
Safety considerations and standards
Alternative methods/procedures
Chapter 19 Extraction and Estimation of Glycogen from the Liver and Muscle of the Well-Fed and Starved Rat
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-step method details
Materials, Equipment, and Reagents
Quantification and statistical analysis
Advantages
Safety considerations and standards
Chapter 20 Separation and Identification of Sugars Present in Fruit Juices Using Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC)
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-step method details
Expected outcomes
Advantages
Optimization and troubleshooting
Potential Solution to Optimize the Procedure
Safety considerations
Chapter 21 Extraction and Analysis of Soluble Carbohydrates From Plants
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-step method details
Expected outcomes
Quantification and statistical analysis
Calculation
Advantages
Optimization and troubleshooting
Potential Solution to Optimize the Procedure
Safety considerations and standards
Alternative methods/procedures
References☆
Section III: Lipids
Chapter 22 Solubility Test for Lipids
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Step-by-step method details
Expected outcome
Quantification and statistical analysis
Advantages
Limitations
Safety considerations and standards
Alternative methods/procedures
Chapter 23 Emulsion Test for Lipids
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Step-by-step method details
Expected outcomes
Quantification and statistical analysis
Advantages
Limitations
Safety considerations and standards
Alternative methods/procedures
Chapter 24 Determination of the Degree of Unsaturation of Fatty Acids
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-step method details
Expected outcomes
Quantification and statistical analysis
Advantages
Limitations
Safety considerations and standards
Chapter 25 Determination of the Saponification Value of the Given Fat/Oil Sample
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and Equipment
Reagents
Glassware/Instrument
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-Step Method Details
Calculation
Expected Outcomes
Quantification and Statistical Analysis
Advantages
Limitations
Troubleshooting and Optimization
Safety Considerations and Standards
Chapter 26 Determination of the Fatty Acid Value of Fat
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-step method details
Calculation
Expected outcomes
Advantages
Limitations
Safety considerations and standards
Chapter 27 Acrolein Test for the Presence of Glycerol
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and Equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-Step Method Details
Expected Outcomes
Advantages
Limitations
Potential Solution to Optimize the Procedure
Safety Considerations and Standards
Alternative Methods/Procedures
Chapter 28 Liebermann-Burchard Test for Detection of Cholesterol
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-step method details
Expected outcomes
Quantification and statistical analysis
Advantages
Limitations
Safety considerations and standards
Alternative methods/procedures
Chapter 29 Extraction of Lipid From Leaves (Bligh and Dyer’s Method and Single Extraction Method)
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-step method details
Single-step extraction method
Expected outcomes
Advantages
Limitations
Safety considerations and standards
Alternative methods/procedures
Chapter 30 Extraction of Lipid From Egg Yolk and Estimation of Phosphorous Content in It
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-step method details
Expected outcomes
Quantification and statistical analysis
Advantages
Limitations
Troubleshooting and optimization
Safety considerations and standards
Alternative methods/procedures
Chapter 31 Extraction of Lipid From Tissues (Folch Method)
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-step method details
Expected outcomes
Advantages
Limitations
Safety considerations and standards
Alternative methods/procedures
Chapter 32 Separation and Identification of Lipids by Thin-Layer Chromatography
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-step method details
Expected outcomes
Quantification and statistical analysis
Advantages
Limitations
Trouble shooting and optimization
Safety considerations and standards
Alternative methods/procedures
Chapter 33 Lipid Peroxidation Measurement From Biological Samples by Thiobarbituric Acid (TBA) Assay
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Standard curve preparation
Step-by-step method details
Expected outcomes
Quantification and statistical analysis
Advantages
Limitations
Trouble shooting and optimization
Safety considerations and standards
Alternative methods/procedures
Section IV: Proteins
Chapter 34 Isolation of Proteins From Animal Cells/Tissue [Using Radioimmunoprecipitation Assay (RIPA) Buffer]
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-step method details
Expected outcomes
Quantification and statistical analysis
Advantages
Limitations
Troubleshooting and optimization
Safety considerations and standards
Alternative methods/procedures
Chapter 35 Qualitative Test for Proteins and Amino Acids
Abstract
Keywords
To Detect the Presence of Protein in the Given Sample by the Biuret Test
To Detect the Presence of Protein in the Given Sample by the Xanthoproteic Test
To Detect the Presence of Protein in the Given Sample by Million’s Test
Chapter 36 Estimation of Proteins by the Biuret Method
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and Equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-Step Method Details
Expected Outcomes
Quantification and Statistical Analysis
Advantages
Limitations
Troubleshooting and Optimization
Safety Considerations and Standards
Alternative Methods/Procedures
Chapter 37 Estimation of Proteins by the Bradford Method
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-step method details
Expected outcomes
Quantification and statistical analysis
Advantages
Limitations
Troubleshooting and optimization
Safety considerations and standards
Alternative methods/procedures
Chapter 38 Estimation of Proteins by Bicinchoninic Acid (BCA) Method
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Reaction
Materials and Equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-Step Method Details
Expected Outcomes
Quantification and Statistical Analysis
Advantages
Limitations
Troubleshooting and Optimization
Safety Considerations and Standards
Alternative Methods/Procedures
References☆
Chapter 39 Protein Estimation by Folin-Ciocalteau (Lowry) Method
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Reaction
Materials and Equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-Step Method Details
Expected Outcomes
Quantification and Statistical Analysis
Advantages
Limitations
Troubleshooting and Optimization
Safety Considerations and Standards
Alternative Methods/Procedures
Chapter 40 Estimation of Proteins by UV Spectrophotometric Method
Abstract
Keywords
Chapter 41 Protein Separation by SDS-PAGE
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and Equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-Step Method Details
Expected Outcomes
Quantification and Statistical Analysis
Advantages
Limitations
Troubleshooting and Optimization
Safety Considerations and Standards
Alternative Methods/Procedures
Chapter 42 Separation of Amino Acids by Paper Chromatography
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-step method details
Expected outcomes
Quantification and statistical analysis
Advantages
Limitations
Troubleshooting and optimization
Safety considerations and standards
Alternative methods/procedures
Section V: Minerals
Chapter 43 Estimation of Calcium in Water or Milk by EDTA Titrimetric Method
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and Equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-Step Method Details
Expected Outcomes
Quantification and Statistical Analysis
The First Way of Calculation
The Second Way of Calculation
Advantages
Limitations
Safety Considerations and Standards
Alternative Methods/Procedures
Chapter 44 Estimation of the Calcium in Serum by O-Cresolpthalein Complexon Method (Colorimetric)
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and Equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-Step Method Details
Expected Outcomes
Quantification and Statistical Analysis
Advantages
Limitations
Safety Considerations and Standards
Alternative Methods/Procedures
Chapter 45 Estimation of the Inorganic Phosphorus by Fiske and Subbarow Method
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-step method details
Expected outcomes
Quantification and statistical analysis
Advantages
Safety considerations and standards
Alternative methods/procedures
Chapter 46 Estimation of Iron by Thiocyanate Colorimetric Method
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and Equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-Step Method Details
Expected Outcomes
Quantification and Statistical Analysis
Advantages
Safety Considerations and Standards
Alternative Methods/Procedures
Chapter 47 Estimation of Chloride by Titration (Mohr Argentometric) Method
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and Equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-Step Method Details
Expected Outcomes
Quantification and Statistical Analysis
Advantages
Limitations
Safety Considerations and Standards
Alternative Methods/Procedures
Section VI: Vitamin
Chapter 48 Estimation of Vitamin A by Trichloroacetic Acid (Modified Carr-Price Method)
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and Equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-Step Method Details
Expected Outcomes
Quantification and Statistical Analysis
Advantages
Limitations
Safety Considerations and Standards
Alternative Methods/Procedures
References
Chapter 49 Estimation of the Tocopherol by Baker and Frank Method
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and Equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-Step Method Details
Expected Outcomes
Quantification and Statistical Analysis
Safety Considerations and Standards
Alternative Methods/Procedures
References☆
Chapter 50 Estimation of the Thiamine (Vitamin B1) by Thiochrome Technique (Fluorimetric)
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-step method details
Expected outcomes
Quantification and statistical analysis
Safety considerations and standards
Alternative methods/procedures
Chapter 51 Estimation of Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) by Indophenol Method in a Given Solution (Titrimetric Method)
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-step method details
Expected outcomes
Quantification and statistical analysis
Advantages
Limitations
Safety considerations and standards
Alternative methods/procedures
Chapter 52 Estimation of Vitamin C by 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine Method
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and Equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-Step Method Details
Expected Outcomes
Quantification and Statistical Analysis
Safety Considerations and Standards
Alternative Methods/Procedures
Section VII: Enzymes
Enzymes
Measuring the Enzyme Activity
Enzyme Assay
Progress Curve
Enzyme Kinetics
Chapter 53 Study of the Effect of pH and Temperature on the Action of Salivary Amylase
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-step method details
Expected outcomes
Advantages
Disadvantages
Safety considerations and standards
Chapter 54 Determination of Activity of Amylase Enzyme (Crude) Extracted From Sweet Potato
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-step method details
Expected outcomes
Advantages
Limitations
Troubleshooting and optimization
Safety considerations and standards
Alternative methods/procedures
Chapter 55 Determination of the Specific Activity of Amylase Enzyme
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-step method details
Expected outcomes
Quantification and statistical analysis
Advantages
Troubleshooting and optimization
Safety considerations and standards
Chapter 56 Determination of Vmax and Km of Amylase Enzyme
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-step method details
Expected outcomes
Advantages
Safety considerations and standards
Section VIII: Nucleic Acid
Chapter 57 Determination of the Amount of DNA Present in the Solution by Diphenylamine (DPA) Method
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-step method details
Expected outcomes
Quantification and statistical analysis
Advantages
Limitations
Troubleshooting and optimization
Safety considerations and standards
Alternative methods/procedures
Chapter 58 Determination of RNA by Orcinol Method
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Expected outcomes
Quantification and statistical analysis
Advantages
Limitations
Troubleshooting and optimization
Safety considerations and standards
Alternative methods/procedures
Chapter 59 Isolation of Plasmid DNA Using Alkaline Lysis Method
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-step method details
Expected outcomes
Quantification and statistical analysis
Advantages
Limitations
Safety considerations and standards
Alternative methods/procedures
Chapter 60 Preparation of Plasmid DNA Using Boiling Lysis Method
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-step method details
Quantification and statistical analysis
Advantages
Limitations
Safety considerations and standards
Alternative methods/procedures
Chapter 61 Plasmid DNA Purification Using Polyethylene Glycol
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-step method details
Expected outcomes
Quantification and statistical analysis
Advantages
Limitations
Safety considerations and standards
Alternative methods/procedures
Chapter 62 Isolation of Genomic DNA of Unknown Bacterial Strain
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and Equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-Step Method Details
Expected Outcomes
Quantification and Statistical Analysis
Advantages
Safety Considerations and Standards
Chapter 63 Isolation of DNA From Plant Tissue
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-step method details
Expected outcomes
Quantification and statistical analysis
Advantages
Limitations
Safety considerations and standards
Chapter 64 Isolation of DNA From Eukaryotic Cells Using Proteinase K and Phenol
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-step method details
Expected outcomes
Quantification and statistical analysis
Advantages
Limitations
Trouble shooting and optimization
Safety considerations and standards
Alternative methods/procedures
Chapter 65 Isolation of DNA From Eukaryotic Cells
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-step method details
Expected outcomes
Quantification and statistical analysis
Advantages
Limitations
Trouble shooting and optimization
Safety considerations and standards
Chapter 66 Separation of DNA by Agarose Gel Electrophoresis
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and Equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-Step Method Details
Expected Outcomes
Advantages
Limitations
Trouble Shooting and Optimization
Safety Considerations and Standards
Alternative Methods/Procedures
Chapter 67 Southern Blotting
Abstract
Keywords
Membranes
To Perform Southern Blotting of the Genomic DNA
Principle
Materials and Equipment
Step-by-Step Method Details
Preparation of Membrane
Expected Outcomes
Advantages
Limitations
Trouble Shooting and Optimization
Safety Considerations and Standards
Chapter 68 Isolation of RNA From Animal Cells
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and Equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-Step Method Details
Expected Outcomes
Quantification and Statistical Analysis
Advantages
Limitations
Safety Considerations and Standards
Alternative Methods/Procedures
Chapter 69 Northern Blotting
Abstract
Keywords
To Perform Northern Blotting
Principle
Materials and Equipment
Step-by-Step Method Details
Expected Outcomes
Advantages
Limitations
Trouble Shooting and Optimization
Safety Considerations and Standards
References☆
Section IX: Clinical Biochemistry
Chapter 70 Determination of Serum Urea [Diacetyl Monoxime (DAM) Method]
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and Equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-Step Method Details
Expected Outcomes
Quantification and Statistical Analysis
Advantages
Limitations
Safety Considerations and Standards
Alternative Methods/Procedures
Chapter 71 Estimation of Uric Acid in Serum Sample (Uricase Method)
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and Equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-Step Method Details
Expected Outcomes
Quantification and Statistical Analysis
Advantages
Limitations
Safety Considerations and Standards
Alternative Methods/Procedures
Chapter 72 Estimation of Creatinine in Serum Samples (Jaffe’s Method)
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and Equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-Step Method Details
Expected Outcomes
Quantification and Statistical Analysis
Advantages
Limitations
Optimization and Troubleshooting
Safety Considerations and Standards
Alternative Methods/Procedures
Chapter 73 Determination of Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (SGPT) Activity
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and Equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-Step Method Details
Expected Outcomes
Quantification and Statistical Analysis
Advantages
Limitations
Safety Considerations and Standards
Alternative Methods/Procedures
Chapter 74 Determination of Serum Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase (SGOT) Activity
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and Equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-Step Method Details
Expected Outcomes
Quantification and Statistical Analysis
Advantages
Limitations
Safety Considerations and Standards
Alternative Methods/Procedures
Chapter 75 Colorimetric Estimation of Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) From Serum
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and Equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-Step Method Details
Expected Outcomes
Quantification and Statistical Analysis
Advantages
Limitations
Safety Considerations and Standards
Alternative Methods/Procedures
Chapter 76 Estimation of Serum Albumin by Dye-Binding Method
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and Equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-Step Method Details
Expected Outcomes
Quantification and Statistical Analysis
Advantages
Limitations
Safety Considerations and Standards
Alternative Methods/Procedures
Chapter 77 Estimation of Blood Glucose by Glucose Oxidase Method
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and Equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Step-by-Step Method Details
Expected Outcomes
Quantification and Statistical Analysis
Advantages
Limitations
Safety Considerations and Standards
Alternative Methods/Procedures
Chapter 78 Estimation of Glucose in Urine by Benedict's Method
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-step method details
Expected outcomes
Advantages
Limitations
Safety considerations and standards
Alternative methods/procedures
Chapter 79 Estimation of Percentage of Glucose (Reducing Sugars) in Urine (by Benedict Titration Method)
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and Equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-Step Method Details
Expected Outcomes
Quantification and Statistical Analysis
Advantages
Limitations
Safety Considerations and Standards
Alternative Methods/Procedures
Chapter 80 Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and Equipment
Step-by-Step Method Details
Expected Outcomes
Quantification and Statistical Analysis
Safety Considerations and Standards
Chapter 81 Estimation of Total Cholesterol in Serum (Watson Method)
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and Equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-Step Method Details
Expected Outcomes
Advantages
Limitations
Safety Considerations and Standards
Alternative Methods/Procedures
Chapter 82 Estimation of Total Cholesterol in Serum (Enzymatic Method)
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and Equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-Step Method Details
Expected Outcomes
Quantification and Statistical Analysis
Advantages
Limitations
Safety Considerations and Standards
Alternative Methods/Procedures
Chapter 83 Estimation of Triglycerides in Serum (Enzymatic Method)
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and Equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Step-by-Step Method Details
Expected Outcomes
Quantification and Statistical Analysis
Advantages
Limitations
Safety Considerations and Standards
Alternative Methods/Procedures
Chapter 84 Estimation of Hemoglobin in the Blood (Sahli’s Method)
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and Equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-Step Method Details
Expected Outcomes
Advantages
Limitations
Safety Considerations and Standards
Alternative Methods/Procedures
Chapter 85 Estimation of Serum Amylase (Kinetic Colorimetric Method)
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and Equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-Step Method Details
Expected Outcomes
Quantification and Statistical Analysis
Advantages
Safety Considerations and Standards
Chapter 86 Estimation of Catalase Activity in Biological Samples
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and Equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-Step Method Details
From Blood
From Tissues
Catalase Assay
Expected Outcomes
Quantification and Statistical Analysis
Advantages
Limitations
Trouble Shooting and Optimization
Safety Considerations and Standards
Alternative Methods/Procedures
Chapter 87 Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Assay (Marklund et al., 1974)
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and Equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-Step Method Details
Expected Outcomes
Quantification and Statistical Analysis
Advantages
Safety Considerations and Standards
Alternative Methods/Procedures
References☆
Section X: Plant Biochemistry
Chapter 88 Qualitative Analysis of Secondary Metabolite of Plants
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and Equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-Step Method Details
Test for Alkaloids
Test for Steroids
Test for Flavonoids
Test for Glycosides (Keller-Kilani Test)
Test for Lactones
Test for Phenolic Compounds and Tannins
Test for Saponins
Expected Outcomes
Advantages
Limitations
Trouble Shooting and Optimization
Safety Considerations and Standards
Alternative Methods/Procedures
Chapter 89 Estimation of Ascorbic Acid in Plant Samples
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and Equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-Step Method Details
Expected Outcomes
Quantification and Statistical Analysis
Advantages
Limitations
Trouble Shooting and Optimization
Safety Considerations and Standards
Alternative Methods/Procedures
Chapter 90 Quantitative Analysis of Secondary Metabolite of Plants
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and Equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-Step Method Details
Quantitative Estimation of Glycoside Content
Quantitative Estimation of Tannin Content
Quantitative Estimation of Saponin Content
Quantitative Estimation of Alkaloid Content
Quantitative Estimation of Flavonoid Content
Expected Outcomes
Quantification and Statistical Analysis
Advantages
Limitations
Trouble Shooting and Optimization
Safety Considerations and Standards
Alternative Methods/Procedures
Chapter 91 Estimation of Chlorophyll Content of Plant
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and Equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-Step Method Details
Expected Outcomes
Quantification and Statistical Analysis
Advantages
Limitations
Trouble Shooting and Optimization
Safety Considerations and Standards
Alternative Methods/Procedures
Chapter 92 Determination of Starch
Abstract
Keywords
Principle
Materials and Equipment
Equipment
Chemicals/Reagents
Precursor Techniques
Step-by-Step Method Details
Expected Outcomes
Quantification and Statistical Analysis
Advantages
Limitations
Trouble Shooting and Optimization
Safety Considerations and Standards
Alternative Methods/Procedures
References
Further reading
Index

Buddhi Prakash Jain

Dr. Buddhi Prakash Jain is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Zoology, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, Bihar, India. He completed his doctoral studies at the School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) New Delhi, India. His research interests include gene expression regulation and endoplasmic reticulum stress in cancer. He is the recipient of several awards including a gold medal in Master Programme (M.Sc.), EMBO travel award, DST (Department of Science and Technology) Govt of India, Young Scientist travel award, and has published several papers in reputed international journals and a number of books and book chapters.

Affiliations and expertise

Assistant Professor, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, Bihar, India

Shweta Pandey

Shweta Pandey is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Biotechnology, Govt VYT PG Autonomous College, Durg Chhatisgarh, India. Dr. Pandey received a PhD from the School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) New Delhi, India. She has vast teaching experience and has published several papers in reputed international journals, many book chapters in edited books, and co-edited Protocols in Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry (Elsevier, 2020). Her research interests include cell cycle regulation, molecular and cell mechanisms of tumor cells, and cancer biology.

Affiliations and expertise

Assistant Professor, Department of Biotechnology, Govt VYT PG Autonomous College, Durg Chhatisgarh, India

Shyamal K Goswami

Shyamal Goswami has a research career spanning 35 years. He has experience teaching in biochemistry, cellular and molecular biology and redox biology at the postgraduate level. He served as Associate Professor and Professor in the School of Life Sciences at Jawaharlal Nehru University, India, from 1998 to 2020. Prior to this he was a Research Assistant Professor in the Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology at the State University of New York-Health Science Centre at Brooklyn, New York, USA. Dr. Goswami has contributed numerous publications across his field and has more than 1500 citations. He also co-authored Protocols in Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry and co-edited Post-transcriptional Gene Regulation in Human Disease, both published by Academic Press/Elsevier. His main areas of research are cell signaling and gene expression in the cardiovascular system; redox biology of degenerative diseases; and signal scaffolds and cell functions.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor (retired), School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India

Life Sciences

Physical Sciences & Engineering

Social Sciences & Humanities

Health

Protocols in Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry

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