Protein-Based Nanocomposites for Tissue Engineering

1st Edition - March 22, 2025
Imprint: Woodhead Publishing
Editors: Showkat Ahmad Bhawani, Zoheb Karim, Mohammad Jawaid
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 9 3 5 7 - 9
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 9 3 5 8 - 6

Protein-based Nanocomposites for Tissue Engineering details the design, development, efficacy and tissue engineering applications of a range of protein-based nanocompo… Read more

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Protein-based Nanocomposites for Tissue Engineering details the design, development, efficacy and tissue engineering applications of a range of protein-based nanocomposite materials. Protein-based nanocomposites offer advantageous properties in that they are biodegradable, biocompatible, nonantigenic, highly stable and possess strong binding capacity. These unique properties make protein-based nanocomposite carriers promising candidates for controlled cell delivery in tissue engineering. This book covers a selection of protein types in their nanocomposite form, from albumin and keratin to collagen and silk. Each protein nanocomposite is described in detail, exploring their application in cell delivery and tissue engineering.

The design, development, properties and molecular mechanism of protein-based nanocomposites is thoroughly discussed before going on to analyze the advantages and limitations of these useful materials, making this book an ideal resource for readers who want to explore biocompatible and naturally derived material options for tissue engineering applications. Academics and researchers in the fields of materials science, biomedical engineering, regenerative medicine and nanotechnology will find the book a must have.

Title of Book
Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Dedication
Contributors
About the editors
Chapter 1. Protein-based nanocomposites: An overview
1 Introduction
2 Protein-based composites
2.1 Milk protein-based composites
2.2 Soybean protein-based composites
2.3 Gelatin-based composites
2.4 Albumin-based composites
2.5 Collagen based composites
2.6 Elastin-based composites
2.7 Resilin-based composites
2.8 Keratin-based composites
3 Conclusions
Chapter 2. Types, stability, biocompatibility, and toxicity of protein-based nanocomposites
1 Introduction
2 Types of protein-based nanocomposites
3 Stabilizing agent in biological systems
3.1 PEG coating of plasmonic NPs
3.1.1 Citrate-stabilized particles
3.2 PEG coating of magnetic NPs
3.3 PEG coating of quantum dots (QD)
3.4 PEG interaction with proteins
3.5 Zwitterionic ligands
3.5.1 Zwitterionic coating of QDs
3.5.2 Zwitterionic coating of magnetic NPs
3.5.3 Drawbacks of zwitterionic coatings
3.6 Lipid bilayer
4 Biocompatibility and toxicity of protein-based nanocomposites
5 Conclusion
Chapter 3. Advantages and limitations/challenges of protein-based nanocomposite
1 Introduction
2 Protein-based nanocomposites: Fundamentals and preparation
2.1 Structural characteristics of protein for nanocomposites
2.2 Preparative methods and techniques
3 Nanomaterials incorporation in protein matrices
3.1 Metal and metal oxide nanoparticles
3.2 Layered nonmetal nanomaterials
3.3 Natural nanocomposites
4 Properties of protein-based nanocomposites
4.1 Mechanical strength
4.2 Barrier properties: Water vapor permeability
4.3 Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties
4.4 Thermal stability
5 Advantages of protein-based nanocomposites
5.1 Enhanced mechanical properties
5.2 Biocompatibility and biofunctionality
5.3 Sustainability and environmental impact
6 Limitations and challenges of protein-based nanocomposites
6.1 Limitations and challenges of protein-based nanocomposites
6.2 Processing challenges and scalability
6.3 Biodegradability concerns
6.4 Environmental implications, safety, migrations, and toxicity aspects
7 Applications in various industries
7.1 Food packaging applications
7.2 Agricultural applications
7.3 Industrial applications
8 Comparison with other biopolymers and nanocomposites
8.1 Polymer-based nanocomposites
8.2 Strengths and weaknesses compared with biopolymers from natural sources
9 Conclusion
Chapter 4. Recent advances in design and development of protein nanocomposite
1 Introduction
2 Physicochemical properties
2.1 Structural features
2.2 Mechanical strength
2.3 Thermal analysis
2.4 Biocompatibility assay
2.5 Electrochemical performance
3 Industrial applications
3.1 Ischemic diseases treatment
3.2 Antimicrobial activity
3.3 Ultrasensitive medical pressure sensor
3.4 Ammonia detection and flame-retardant properties
3.5 Self-powered artificial skin
4 Conclusion and future prospects
Chapter 5. Biomedical applications of protein-based nanocomposites
1 Introduction
2 Biomedical applications of protein nanocomposites derived from animals
2.1 Whey protein
2.2 Casein
2.3 Albumin
2.4 Keratin
2.5 Collagen
2.6 Gelatin
2.7 Silk
2.8 Elastin
3 Plant-based protein nanocomposites for biomedical applications
3.1 Wheat gluten
3.2 Corn zein
3.3 Soy protein
3.4 Kafirin
3.5 Peanut protein
3.6 Gliadin
3.7 Lectin
4 Microbial protein
5 Biomedical applications
5.1 Biomedical application of nanocomposite
5.1.1 Bone tissues regeneration
5.1.2 Tissue regeneration
5.1.3 Drug delivery
5.1.4 Anticancer
5.1.5 Nanomedicine
5.2 Sample preparation of cells for electron microscopy
5.3 Quantification of nanoparticles uptake
6 Conclusion
Chapter 6. Silk fibroin-based nanocomposites for tissue engineering
1 Introduction
2 Sources and properties of silk fibroin
3 Silk fibroin nanocomposites
4 Different forms of silk biomaterials for TE
4.1 Silk fibers/electrospun mats
4.2 Silk hydrogels
4.3 Silk porous scaffolds/sponges
4.4 Silk particles
5 Different applications of silk biomaterials in TE
5.1 Vascular tissue generation
5.2 Skin tissue regeneration
5.3 Bone and ligament tissue regeneration
5.4 Tracheal tissue regeneration
6 Conclusion and prospects
Chapter 7. Collagen-based nanocomposites for tissue engineering
1 Introduction
2 Methods of preparation and processing of collagen structure
3 The biological characteristics of collagen in bone tissue engineering
3.1 Collagen-based hydrogel in bone regeneration
3.2 Collagen application in various biomedical uses
3.3 Collagen-based drug used in sheet/disc/film
3.4 Collagen shields are used in drug delivery systems
3.5 Collagen sponges are used in drug delivery systems
3.6 Collagen-based drug delivery systems: gels, hydrogels, and liposomes
3.7 Collagen-based drug delivery systems utilizing nanoparticles and nanospheres
3.8 Different materials for making nanocomposite with collagen
4 Nano-collagen synthesis
4.1 Electrospraying deposition
4.2 Electrospinning
4.3 Milling
4.4 Nanoemulsion
5 Applications
5.1 Bone grafting
5.2 Articular cartilage
5.3 Nerve tissue
5.4 Skin wound healing
6 Conclusions
Chapter 8. Keratin-based nanocomposites for tissue engineering
1 Introduction
2 History of keratin study and its current status
3 Structure and characteristics of keratin
4 Extraction techniques for keratin
4.1 Extracting keratin using the reduction method
4.2 Keratin extraction using the alkaline technique
4.3 Keratin extraction using the oxidation method
4.4 Discusses the utilization of ionic liquids in the extraction of keratin
4.4.1 Examine the role of temperature in the context of ionic liquid extraction during the mechanism of keratin dissolution
4.4.2 Ionic liquid serves as a co-solvent
4.5 Extracting keratin using steam explosion and supercritical water technology
4.6 Utilizing microwave irradiation to extract keratin
4.7 Techniques for keratin extraction using microbes and enzymes
4.8 Applications of keratin in biomedicine
4.9 Keratin films serve as a carrier for bone morphogenic protein 2 and contribute to the reconstruction of the ocular surface
4.9.1 Different approaches for incorporating different organic and inorganic polymers
4.9.2 Keratin-based scaffolds to carry Bone Morphogenic Protein 2
5 Keratin-based scaffolds for advancing urinary tract tissue engineering
5.1 The application of keratin-based scaffolds in tissue engineering for the urinary tract
5.2 Keratin hydrogels as a flexible matrix for medication administration and wound healing
5.2.1 Keratin hydrogel actively contributes to nerve regeneration
6 Conclusions
Chapter 9. Zein-based nanocomposites for tissue engineering
1 Introduction
2 Zein protein
3 Methods of extraction of zein protein
3.1 Characterization of zein
4 Zein as a biopolymer
4.1 The significance of zeins in tissue engineering
5 Zein-based drug delivery systems
5.1 Utilizing zein-based nanoparticles in the food industry
5.2 Application of zein as a carrier for pesticides
5.3 Potential use of zein in bandages
5.4 Zein's role as a coating material
6 Conclusions
Chapter 10. Collagen/gelatin-based hydrogels for tissue engineering
1 Introduction
2 Tissue engineering
2.1 Overview/background
2.2 The importance of tissue engineering
3 Collagen and gelatin as biomaterials
3.1 Structure and properties
3.2 Biocompatibility and biodegradability
3.3 Advantages
4 Material (collagen/gelatin) modifications and fabrication method
4.1 Collagen and gelatin types used
4.2 Physical and chemical modifications of collagen and gelatin
4.3 Fabrication techniques
4.4 Cross-linking methods
4.4.1 Physical/noncovalent cross-linking
4.4.2 Covalent/chemical cross-linking
4.4.3 Cross-linking via small-molecule cross-linkers
5 Properties of collagen/gelatin hydrogels
5.1 Mechanical properties
5.2 Pore properties
5.3 Swelling
6 Applications for tissue engineering
6.1 Skin and muscle tissue regeneration
6.2 Bone tissue engineering
6.3 Cartilage tissue engineering
6.4 Nerve tissue regeneration
6.5 Corneal reconstruction
7 Hydrogels in tissue engineering
7.1 Role of hydrogels
7.2 Importance of collagen and gelatin in hydrogel development
7.3 Advantages of hydrogels
7.4 Limitations/challenges
8 Conclusion
Chapter 11. Fibrin-based hydrogels for tissue engineering
1 Introduction
2 Structure and synthesis of fibrin hydrogels
3 Clinical applications in tissue repair and bioengineering
3.1 Fibrin gels as hemostatic sealant glue in surgical procedures
3.2 Fibrin gels in spinal cord regeneration and neuronal repair
3.3 Fibrin gels in arterial and cardiac tissue repair
3.4 Fibrin gels in cartilage and bone repair
4 Limitations of fibrin hydrogels
5 Conclusion
Chapter 12. Elastin-based hydrogels for tissue engineering
1 Introduction
2 Elastin possesses structural and biological properties
3 Fabrication of elastin hydrogels
3.1 Formation of elastin hydrogel
3.1.1 High-pressure CO2
3.1.2 Tropoelastin and solubilized elastin
3.2 Modified elastin
4 Fabrication of composite-based elastin hydrogels
4.1 Formation of composite elastin hydrogel
4.1.1 Gas foaming
4.1.2 Freeze drying
5 Elastin nanocomposite
5.1 Elastin-like peptide
5.2 ELP block copolymer forming nanoparticles
6 Conclusions
Chapter 13. Silk-based hydrogels for tissue engineering
1 Introduction
2 Silk-based hydrogels
2.1 Silk fibroin hydrogels
2.2 Silk-elastin hydrogel
2.3 Sericin hydrogels
3 Other important silk hydrogels
3.1 3D and 4D printed silk hydrogels
3.2 Genetically engineered silk hydrogel
3.3 High-strength hydrogels
3.4 Self-healing hydrogels
3.5 Adhesive hydrogels
4 Methods of silk hydrogel preparation
4.1 Reverse dialysis
4.2 Bioprinting
4.3 Physical methods
4.3.1 By increasing temperature
4.3.2 Low pH
4.3.3 Self-assembly
4.3.4 Ultrasonication
4.3.5 Vortexing
4.4 Electrolysis methods
4.4.1 Electro-gelation
4.4.2 Electro-phoretic deposition
4.4.3 Electro-polymerization
4.5 Chemical methods
4.5.1 Photo-polymerization
4.5.2 γ-Irradiation
4.5.3 Chemical cross-linking agents
4.5.4 Salt effect
4.5.5 Solvent effect
4.5.6 Use of surfactants
4.5.7 Enzyme cross-linking
5 Structure of silk hydrogels
6 Overview of silk hydrogel application in tissue engineering
6.1 Tissue engineering
6.2 Bone tissue engineering
6.3 Cartilage tissue engineering
6.4 Corneal tissue engineering
6.5 Artificial skin
7 Conclusion
Abbreviations
Index

Showkat Ahmad Bhawani

Dr. Showkat Ahmad Bhawani is presently working as an Associate Professor at Department of chemistry, Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, UNIMAS Malaysia. In addition to this, he has a teaching experience of two years from King Abdul Aziz University- North Jeddah and a post-doctoral experience of Three years from the Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia. He has received his M Sc. in Analytical Chemistry and Ph D. in Applied Analytical Chemistry from Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India. He is working on the synthesis of molecular Imprinting polymers for the removal/extraction of dyes, fungicides and various natural products from environmental and biological samples. In addition to this, he is also working on the development of new test methods and determining standard conditions for analysis (Separation, Isolation and Determination) of various analytes from environmental and biological samples. He is involved in the analysis of samples like: Surfactants, Amino acids, Drugs, Vitamins, Sugars and Metal ions. He has published 1 book and 8 book chapters and he has published more than 30 papers in various journals. He is life member of Asian polymer association and editorial board member of several journals.

Affiliations and expertise

Associate Professor, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, UNIMAS, Malaysia

Zoheb Karim

His research focuses on the process-property-application correlation of nanocellulose-based assembled dimensional structures, as well as the fabrication of functionally and structurally sound dimensional architecture for predefined applications. He has presented widely on his research, publishing ten book chapters, and over 30 research papers. He serves as a consultant both in academia and for industry.

Affiliations and expertise

Senior Research Scientist, MoRe Research Ornskoldsvik AB, Sweden

Mohammad Jawaid

Dr. Mohammad Jawaid is currently affiliated with the Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering at United Arab Emirates University. Previously he was a senior fellow (professor) in the Laboratory of Biocomposites Technology at the Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia. He is an eminent scientist with more than twenty years of teaching, and research experience in composite materials. His research interests include hybrid reinforced/filled polymer composites, and advanced materials such as graphene/

nanoclay/fire retardant, lignocellulosic reinforced/filled polymer composites, and the modification and treatment of lignocellulosic fibres and solid wood, and nanocomposites and nanocellulose fibres.

Affiliations and expertise

Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates

Life Sciences

Physical Sciences & Engineering

Social Sciences & Humanities

Health

Protein-Based Nanocomposites for Tissue Engineering

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Showkat Ahmad Bhawani

Zoheb Karim

Mohammad Jawaid

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