Programmable Controllers

Preface1 Computers and Industrial Control 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Types of Control Strategies 1.2.1 Monitoring Subsystems 1.2.2 Sequencing Subsystems 1.2.3 Closed Loop Control Subsystems 1.2.4 Control Devices 1.3 Enter the Computer 1.3.1 Computer Architectures 1.3.2 Machine Code and Assembly Language Programming 1.3.3 High Level Languages 1.3.4 Application Programs 1.3.5 Requirements for Industrial Control 1.3.6 The Programmable Controller 1.4 Input/Output Connections 1.4.1 Input Cards 1.4.2 Output Connections 1.4.3 Input/Output Identification 1.5 Remote I/O 1.6 The Advantages of PLC Control2 Programming Techniques 2.1 Introduction 2.2 The Program Scan 2.3 Identification of Input/Output and Bit Addresses 2.3.1 Racks, Cards and Signals 2.3.2 Allen Bradley PLC-5 2.3.3 Siemens SIMATIC S5 2.3.4 CEGELEC GEM-80 2.3.5 ABB Master 2.3.6 Mitsubishi F2 2.3.7 Internal Bit Storage 2.4 Programming Methods 2.4.1 Introduction 2.4.2 Ladder Diagrams 2.4.3 Logic Symbols 2.4.4 Statement List 2.5 Bit Storage 2.6 Timers 2.7 Counters 2.8 Numerical Applications 2.8.1 Numeric Representations 2.8.2 Data Movement 2.8.3 Data Comparison 2.8.4 Arithmetical Operations 2.9 Combinational and Event-Driven Logic 2.9.1 Combinational Logic 2.9.2 Event-Driven Logic3 Programming Style 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Software Engineering 3.3 Top-Down Design 3.4 Program Structure in Various PLCs 3.5 Housekeeping and Good Software Practice4 Analog Signals, Closed Loop Control and Intelligent Modules 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Common Analog Signals 4.2.1 Temperature 4.2.2 Pressure 4.2.3 Flow 4.2.4 Speed 4.2.5 Weighing Systems 4.2.6 Level 4.2.7 Position 4.2.8 Output Signals 4.3 Signals and Standards 4.4 Analog Interfacing 4.4.1 Resolution 4.4.2 Multiplexed Inputs 4.4.3 Conversion Times 4.4.4 Channel Selection and Conversion to Engineering Units 4.4.5 Analog Input Cards 4.4.6 Filtering 4.5 Analog Output Signals 4.6 Analog-Related Program Functions 4.7 Closed Loop Control 4.7.1 Introduction to Control Theory 4.7.2 Stability and Loop Tuning 4.7.3 Closed Loop Control and PLCs 4.8 Specialist Control Processors 4.9 Intelligent Modules 4.10 Installation Notes5 Distributed systems 5.1 Parallel and Serial Communications 5.2 Serial Standards 5.2.1 Introduction 5.2.2 Synchronization 5.2.3 Character Codes 5.2.4 Transmission Rates 5.2.5 Modulation of Digital Signals 5.2.6 Standards and Protocols 5.2.7 Error Control 5.2.8 Point to Point Communication 5.3 Area Networks 5.3.1 Introduction 5.3.2 Transmission Lines 5.3.3 Network Topologie 5.3.4 Network Sharing 5.3.5 A Communication Hierarchy 5.4 The ISO/OSI Model 5.5 Proprietary Systems 5.5.1 Introduction 5.5.2 Allen Bradley Data Highway 5.5.3 Gem 80 Starnet, ESP and Coronet 5.5.4 Siemens SINEC 5.5.5 Ethernet 5.5.6 Towards Standardization 5.6 Safety and Practical Considerations 5.7 Fibre Optics6 The Man-Machine Interface 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Simple Digital Controls and Indicators 6.3 Numerical Outputs and Inputs 6.3.1 Numerical Outputs 6.3.2 Multiplexed Outputs 6.3.3 Leading Zero Suppression 6.3.4 Numerical Inputs 6.4 Alarm Annunciation 6.5 Analog Indication 6.6 Computer Graphics 6.6.1 Introduction 6.6.2 Block Graphics; the Allen Bradley Panelview 6.6.3 Pixel Graphics; the CEGELEC Imagem 6.6.4 Practical Considerations 6.6.5 Data Entry 6.7 Message Displays7 Industrial Control with Conventional Computers 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Bus-Based Machines 7.2.1 Introduction 7.2.2 IEEE-488 Parallel Interface Bus 7.2.3 Backplane Bus Systems 7.2.4 IBM PC Clones 7.3 Programming for Real Time Control8 Practical Aspects 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Safety 8.3 Design Criteria 8.4 Constructional Notes 8.4.1 Power Supplies 8.4.2 Equipment Protection 8.5 Maintenance and Fault Finding 8.5.1 Introduction 8.5.2 Statistical Representation of Reliability 8.5.3 Maintenance Philosophies 8.5.4 Designing for Faults 8.5.5 Documentation 8.5.6 Training 8.5.7 Fault-Finding Aids, EDDI and FIMSAppendix Number SystemsIndex