Processing of Biomass Waste

Technological Upgradation and Advancement

1st Edition - April 25, 2024
Editors: Angana Sarkar, Ulla Lassi
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 5 1 7 9 - 1
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 5 1 8 0 - 7

Processing of Biomass Waste: Technological Upgradation and Advancement focuses on the exploitation of various waste management technologies and their associated process (microbia… Read more

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Processing of Biomass Waste: Technological Upgradation and Advancement focuses on the exploitation of various waste management technologies and their associated process (microbial/chemical/physical) as tools to simultaneously generate value during treatment processes, including degradation/detoxification/stabilization toxic and hazardous contaminants. The book explores wastes as a veritable resource for wealth creation, with particular focus on resources recoverable from diverse wastes using special intervention of biotechnological tools. Other sections highlight recent technologies of waste bioprocessing in biorefinery approaches and enlighten on different approaches.

The book encompasses advanced and updated information as well as future directions for young researchers and scientists who are working in the field of waste management, with a focus on sustainable value generation.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
List of contributors
Chapter 1. Introduction to waste biomass processing and valorization
Abstract
1.1 What is waste biomass?
1.2 Waste biomass valorization
1.3 Challenges of waste biomass valorization
1.4 Opportunities of waste biomass valorization
1.5 Conclusions
References
Chapter 2. Assessment of wastes for future bioprospecting
Abstract
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Classification of biomass waste
2.3 Techniques for the extraction of value-added products from biowaste
2.4 High-value bio-products from biomass waste
2.5 Metabolic engineering approaches
2.6 Current challenges and future prospects
References
Chapter 3. Recent advances in pretreatment of waste biomass
Abstract
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Types of biomasses
3.3 Different pretreatment processes
3.4 Typical biomass component
3.5 Goals of pretreatment process
3.6 Biomass torrefaction
3.7 Ozonolysis pretreatment process
3.8 Ionic liquid pretreatment process
3.9 Alkaline pretreatment process
3.10 Organic solvent pretreatment process
3.11 Steam explosion pretreatment process
3.12 Conclusion
References
Chapter 4. Emerging technologies for waste biomass pretreatment: pros and cons
Abstract
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Pretreatment of waste biomass for bioenergy production
4.3 Pretreatment technologies for waste biomass: pros
4.4 Pretreatment technologies for waste biomass: cons
4.5 Advance pretreatment in biorefineries
4.6 Technological upgradation and Scale-up
4.7 Conclusions
References
Chapter 5. Design and operation of advanced waste biomass processing system
Abstract
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Global trend of waste generation and compositional variation in household organic waste
5.3 Sources of solid organic waste (SOW)
5.4 Classification of technologies for processing of solid organic waste
5.5 SWOT analysis of various technologies
5.6 Summary and conclusions
References
Chapter 6. Application of cutting-edge molecular biotechnological techniques in waste valorization
Abstract
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Status of waste generation in India and world
6.3 Sources and types of wastes
6.4 Waste remedial approaches and associated challenges
6.5 Waste bioprocessing as a valuable tool for resource recovery
6.6 Recent advances in molecular biotechnology tools for waste valorization
6.7 Future perspectives
References
Chapter 7. Microwave application in bioenergy production from waste biomass
Abstract
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Need for bioenergy
7.3 Biomass materials
7.4 Conventional bioenergy production methods
7.5 Microwave application in bioenergy production
7.6 Lab-scale to large-scale opportunities
References
Chapter 8. Bioprospecting of algal biomass for value generation from municipal waste
Abstract
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Composition of municipal wastewater
8.3 Biorefinery approaches of microalgal cultivation in municipal wastewater
8.4 Cultivation of microalgae in municipal wastewater
8.5 Challenges in microalgal cultivation in municipal wastewater
8.6 Future perceptive
References
Chapter 9. Bioenergy from waste biomass
Abstract
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Waste biomass: sources, classification, and characterization
9.3 Sources and classification of bioenergy obtained from waste biomass
9.4 Catalytic conversion of waste biomass to bioenergy
9.5 Biochemical conversion of waste biomass to bioenergy
9.6 Thermochemical conversion of waste biomass to bioenergy
9.7 Production of transportable bioenergy from waste biomass
9.8 Bioeconomy and biorefinery
9.9 Technological upgradation and scale-up
9.10 Conclusions
References
Chapter 10. Lignocellulosic wastes: different dimensions to a sustainable 2 G bioethanol production
Abstract
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Diversity and potentiality of lignocellulosic residue
10.3 Biochemistry of lignocellulose
10.4 Pretreatment methods of biomass for 2 G bioethanol
10.5 Combined pretreatment
10.6 Biological pretreatment method treat above combined
10.7 Enzymatic pretreatment
10.8 Different enzymes used for the pretreatment and hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass
10.9 Saccharification
10.10 Fermentation
10.11 Pilot plant: case study
10.12 Why bioethanol has not yet been commercialized in accordance with fermentation techniques? Major challenges that lie with commercialization of lignocellulosic bioethanol
10.13 Supply chain management of lignocellulosics bioethanol
10.14 Challenges of 2 G bioethanol production: biorefinery concept
10.15 Future scope
10.16 Conclusion
References
Chapter 11. Biodiesel from lipid-rich wastes: prospects and challenges in commercialization
Abstract
Abbreviations
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Biodiesel market and Indian scenario
11.3 Potential of lipid-rich feedstocks for large-scale biodiesel production
11.4 Different techniques for large-scale production of biodiesel
11.5 Scale-up of biodiesel production and technoeconomic analysis
11.6 Commercialization of biodiesel
11.7 Challenges and major bottlenecks of biodiesel commercialization
11.8 Conclusion
References
Chapter 12. Biogas from organic wastes
Abstract
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Materials and methods
12.3 Results and discussion
12.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 13. Hydrogen from waste and biowaste materials: production, separation, purification, and use
Abstract
13.1 Introduction: H2 from biomass-derived biowastes
13.2 Hydrogen production processes from biowastes and industrial waste gases
13.3 Hydrogen separation and purification
13.4 Hydrogen distribution and end use
13.5 Conclusions and summary
References
Chapter 14. A biorefinery route to treat waste water through extremophilic enzymes: an innovative approach to generate value from waste
Abstract
14.1 Bioprospecting of novel and industrially relevant enzymes
14.2 Extremophilic enzymes
14.3 Enzyme modification using immobilization
14.4 Metagenomics: a source of enzyme discovery: introduction
14.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 15. Waste as a substrate for the production of organic acids and solvents
Abstract
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Organic acids
15.3 Organic solvent
References
Chapter 16. Pigments and paints from wastes
Abstract
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Different sources of agrowastes
16.3 Different forms of agrowaste
16.4 Types of pigments produced from agrowastes
16.5 Different methods of pigment production
16.6 Chemical methods
16.7 Biological methods
16.8 Production of pigments from agrowastes without using microorganisms
16.9 Production of pigment from microorganisms using agrowastes as substrate
16.10 Process of pigment production from agrowaste
16.11 Commercially available pigments from agrowaste and drawbacks of using agrowastes for pigments production
16.12 Challenges and future aspects
References
Chapter 17. Plastic waste as a novel substrate for industrial biotechnology
Abstract
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Plastics and their classification
17.3 Problems associated with conventional plastic usage and its disposals
17.4 Biodegradable plastics: limitations and its market studies
17.5 Strategies for management of plastic waste (reduction, replacement and reuse)
17.6 Reduction strategies
17.7 Micro-organisms in plastic reduction
17.8 Enzymes in plastic reduction
17.9 Mealworm in plastic reduction
17.10 Replacement of conventional plastics using biotechnology
17.11 Starch-based polymer
17.12 Polylactic acid-based polymer
17.13 Modification of plastics for waste management
17.14 Conversion strategies using biotechnology
17.15 Renewal process for utilization of multiple use plastics waste
17.16 Pre-treatment of plastic waste by thermochemical depolymerization of plastic waste
17.17 Pyrolysis
17.18 Hydrothermal treatment
17.19 Incineration
17.20 Solvothermal process
17.21 Plastic waste as feedstock for potential product formation
17.22 Synergistic approach for plastic waste conversion
17.23 Ecology and environment: modified plastic usage and its future
17.24 Conclusion
References
Chapter 18. Catalytic conversion of biomass-based wastes: upgrading and valorization to value-added intermediates and platform molecules
Abstract
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Biomass conversion technologies
18.3 Utilization of biological-waste to value-added products
18.4 Efficient conversion process of biomass derived platform molecules into fine chemicals and fuels
18.5 Conclusions
References
Chapter 19. Thermal digestion process—a novel technique for converting solid organic waste into nutrient-rich organic fertilizer
Abstract
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Qualitative and quantitative analysis of SOW
19.3 Existing technologies on the nutrient recovery from solid organic waste
19.4 Thermal digestion process
19.5 Comparative assessment with various technologies
19.6 Summary and conclusions
References
Chapter 20. Waste biomass conversion to energy storage material
Abstract
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Suitable sources of biomass for electrode preparation
20.3 Production and properties of biomass-derived anode materials
20.4 Applications of biomass-derived carbon materials for energy storage systems
20.5 Conclusions, challenges, and prospects
References
Chapter 21. Sewage waste as substrate for value
Abstract
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Value-added products from sewage sludge
21.3 Applications of sewage sludge
21.4 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 22. Converting biomass waste to water treatment chemicals
Abstract
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Biomass feedstock for recovery of chemicals
22.3 Recovery of biochemicals from biomass
22.4 Technology readiness level and application of bio-based chemicals in water and wastewater treatment practices
22.5 Challenges and future perspective
22.6 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 23. Waste-biomass-derived potential catalyst materials for water reclamation
Abstract
Highlights
Abbreviations
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Biomass-derived catalyst materials
23.3 Carbon-based catalyst preparation and properties
23.4 Application of biomass-derived catalysts for water treatment
23.5 Challenges and future perspectives
23.6 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 24. Technoeconomic feasibility analysis of waste bioprocessing
Abstract
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Materials and methods
24.3 Results and discussion
24.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 25. Sustainability assessment method for waste biomass processing
Abstract
25.1 Introduction
25.2 Sustainability
25.3 Case study
25.4 Discussion and conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Index

Angana Sarkar

Prof. Angana Sarkar pursued her graduation in Agricultural Engineering from Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswasvidyalaya, West Bengal, India, followed by post-graduation in Biotechnology & Biochemical Engineering from Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India 2008. Later, she completed her Ph.D. in Environmental Biotechnlogy from Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India. Subsequently she joined National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India in the year 2015 as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Biotechnology & Medical Engineering. Her research area is mainly focused on (i) Pollutant detection using biosensors, (ii) Groundwater bioremediation, (iii) Waste water (domestic and industrial) treatment (iv) Solid waste management by bio-refinery approach to produce environmental waste to value like bioethanol, pigment, biofertilizars etc. and (iv) Hydrocarbon and other organic pollutants degradation.

Affiliations and expertise

Assistant Professor, Department of Biotechnology and MEdical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India

Ulla Lassi

Professor Ulla Lassi graduated as a Doctor of Technology at the University of Oulu, in 2003. Currently, she is working as a professor in the Faculty of Technology, in the Research unit of Sustainable chemistry at the University of Oulu, Finland. Her research areas include (i) Wastewater treatment, including organic pollutants degradation and the use of biocarbon-based materials as catalysts and adsorbent (ii) Solid biowaste management and chemical (catalytic) conversion to valuables, and (iii) Inorganic waste management to fertilizers. She has supervised 16 PhD theses and over 100 Master´s theses and advised several undergraduate students. She has been principal investigator of several national and international projects in the field of (bio) waste management and conversion to valuables. Professor Lassi is an author of over 100 peer-reviewed scientific publications, and she has also a plenty of book chapters and conference publications. She is also a reviewer in various journals of international reputation.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor in Applied Chemistry and Process Chemistry, Head of the Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, University of Oulu, Finland