Processing and Impact on Antioxidants in Beverages
- 1st Edition - April 5, 2014
- Editor: Victor R Preedy
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 1 0 2 8 5 - 5
- Hardback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 4 0 4 7 3 8 - 9
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 4 0 4 6 9 5 - 5
Processing and Impact on Antioxidants in Beverages presents information key to understanding how antioxidants change during production of beverages, how production options c… Read more
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Request a sales quoteProcessing and Impact on Antioxidants in Beverages presents information key to understanding how antioxidants change during production of beverages, how production options can be used to enhance antioxidant benefit, and how to determine the production process that will result in the optimum antioxidant benefit while retaining consumer acceptability.
In the food industry, antioxidants are added to preserve the shelf life of foods and to prevent off-flavors from developing. These production-added components also contribute to the overall availability of essential nutrients for intake. Moreover, some production processes reduce the amount of naturally occurring antioxidants. Thus, in terms of food science, it is important to understand not only the physiological importance of antioxidants, but what they are, how much are in the different food ingredients, and how they are damaged or enhanced through the processing and packaging phases.
This book specifically addresses the composition and characterization of antioxidants in coffee, green tea, soft drinks, beer, and wine. Processing techniques considered here include fermentation and aging, high-pressure homogenization, enzymatic debittering, and more. Lastly, the book considers several selective antioxidant assays, such as Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) and Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) assays.
- Provides insights into processing options for enhanced antioxidant bioavailability
- Presents correlation potentials for increased total antioxidant capacity
- Includes methods for the in situ or in-line monitoring of antioxidants to reduce industrial loss of antioxidants in beverages
- Proposes processing of concentrated fractions of antioxidants that can be added to foods
- List of Contributors
- Preface
- Biography
- Section 1. Composition and Characterization of Antioxidants
- Chapter 1. Anthocyanic Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity in Fortified Wines
- Introduction
- Polyphenolic Content of Fortified Wines
- Anthocyanic Compounds in Fortified Wines
- Antioxidant Capacity in Fortified Wines
- Conclusions
- Chapter 2. Endogenous Antioxidants and Antioxidant Activities of Beers
- Introduction
- Endogenous Antioxidants in Beers
- Antioxidant Activities of Beers
- Chapter 3. Antioxidants in Coffee
- Introduction
- Phenolic Compounds
- Melanoidins
- Caffeine
- Trigonelline
- Tocopherols
- Heterocyclic Compounds Produced by Maillard Reaction
- Diterpenes Cafestol and Kahweol
- Influence of Extraction Process on Antioxidant Capacity of Coffee Residues
- Chapter 4. Antioxidant Capacity of Green Tea (Camellia sinensis)
- Introduction
- Green Tea and its Composition
- Bioavailability of Green Tea Catechins
- In Vitro Antioxidant Activities of Catechins
- Physiologic Antioxidant Activities
- Protective Aspects of Green Tea in Obesity and Related Disorders
- Safety of Green Tea
- Conclusions
- Chapter 5. Antioxidant Capacities of Herbal Infusions
- Introduction
- Antioxidant Capacities of Herbal Infusions
- Antioxidant Components in Herbal Infusions
- Chapter 6. Antioxidant Capacity of Soft Drinks
- Introduction
- Origin of Soft Drinks
- Caramel-Containing Soft Drinks
- Antioxidant Activity of Caramel-Containing Soft Drinks
- Soft Drinks Containing Fruit Juice
- Antioxidant Activity of Fruit-Juice-Based Soft Drinks
- Caffeine-Containing Soft Drinks
- A Return to the Past?
- Conclusion
- Chapter 1. Anthocyanic Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity in Fortified Wines
- Section 2. Effects of Production and Processing
- Chapter 7. Antioxidants in Wine during Fermentation
- Introduction
- Grape Composition
- Antioxidants in White and Red Grapes
- Antioxidants in White Grape Juice During Processing
- Antioxidants in White Wine During Alcoholic Fermentation
- Antioxidants in Red Grape Juice During Processing
- Antioxidants in Red Wine During Alcoholic Fermentation
- Conclusion
- Chapter 8. Effects of Aging on the Antioxidant Capacity of Red Wines
- Introduction
- Factors Affecting the Phenol Content and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Red Wines
- Effects of Production and Processing
- Effect of Barrel and/or Bottle Aging on the Phenol Content and Antioxidant Activity
- Effect of Barrel and Bottle Aging on the Level of Potentially Valuable Phenols and Polyphenols
- Relationship Between Antioxidant Capacity and Acceptance (Price) of Red Wines
- Chapter 9. Effects of Varieties and Growing Conditions on Antioxidant Capacity of Coffee
- Introduction
- Influence of Coffee Varieties on the Content of Chlorogenic Acids
- Influence of Environmental Factors on the Content of Chlorogenic Acids
- Influence of Varieties and Environmental Factors on the Content of Other Antioxidant Constituents in Coffee
- Influence of Primary Processing and Storage on Coffee Antioxidants
- Chapter 10. Effects of Preparation Techniques on the Antioxidant Capacity of Coffee Brews
- Introduction
- Effects of Preparation Techniques on the Antioxidant Capacity of Coffee Brews
- Effects of Preparation Techniques on the Content of Polyphenolic Compounds
- Effects of Preparation Techniques on the Content of Melanoidins
- Effects of Preparation Techniques on the Content of Caffeine
- Effects of Preparation Techniques on the Content of Tocopherols
- Effects of Preparation Techniques on the Content of Cafestol
- Effects of Milk Addition on the Antioxidant Capacity of Coffee Brews
- Antioxidant Potential of Instant Cappuccino Brews
- Chapter 11. Applications of Enzymes in Processing Green Tea Beverages: Impact on Antioxidants
- Introduction
- Endo- and Exogenous Enzymes
- Effects of Production and Processing
- Chapter 12. Antioxidant Capacity of Tea: Effect of Processing and Storage
- Introduction
- Antioxidant Compounds of Tea
- Effect of Production and Processing
- Storage of Tea Leaves and Tea Beverages
- Chapter 13. Antioxidant Quality of Tea (Camellia sinensis) as Affected by Environmental Factors
- Introduction
- Effects of Production and Processing
- Concluding Remarks
- Chapter 14. Antioxidants of Rooibos Beverages: Role of Plant Composition and Processing
- Introduction
- Phenolic Composition
- Antioxidant Activity
- Effects of Production and Processing
- Chapter 15. Antioxidant Activity of Maté Tea and Effects of Processing
- Introduction
- Harvesting and Processing
- Maté Tea Products
- Maté Tea Composition
- Antioxidant Activity
- Effects of Production and Processing
- Chapter 16. Antioxidants in Goji Berry Juice (Lycium barbarum) and Effects of Processing Steps
- Introduction
- Chemical Constituents
- Chapter 17. Açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) Liquefied Pulp for Drinking and their Antioxidant Capacities During Processing
- Introduction
- Açaí Pulps and Their Antioxidant Capacities
- Effects of Production and Processing
- Conclusion
- Chapter 18. The Impact of Processing and Storage on the (Poly)Phenolic Fraction of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Juices
- Introduction
- (Poly)Phenolic Antioxidants of Pomegranate Juice
- Effects of Production and Processing
- Chapter 19. Influence of High-Pressure and Ultra-High-Pressure Homogenization on Antioxidants in Fruit Juice
- High-Pressure Homogenization
- High- and Ultra-High-Pressure Homogenization Equipment
- Fruit Juices Preserved by HPH and UHPH
- Effect of HPH and Thermal Treatment on Health-Related Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity of Fruit Juices
- Conclusions
- Chapter 20. Enzymatic Debittering on Antioxidant Capacity of Grapefruit Juice
- Introduction
- Enzymes in Debittering of Citrus Juices
- Immobilized Biocatalysts in Debittering of Juices
- Effects of Production and Processing
- Chapter 21. Production Processes of Orange Juice and Effects on Antioxidant Components
- Introduction
- The Orange Juice Production Process
- Effects of Production and Processing on Antioxidant Components of Orange Juice
- Conclusions
- Chapter 22. Total Antioxidant Capacity of Flavored Waters
- Introduction
- Flavored Waters: Effects of Production and Processing
- Flavored Waters as an Antioxidant Source
- Conclusion
- Chapter 23. Antioxidant Properties of Soy-Based Drinks and Effects of Processing
- Introduction
- Effects of Production and Processing
- Chapter 7. Antioxidants in Wine during Fermentation
- Section 3. Selective Assays for Antioxidants
- Chapter 24. The CUPRAC Methods of Antioxidant Measurement for Beverages
- Introduction
- The Main Cuprac Method
- The Modified Cuprac Methods
- Preparation of Solutions
- Procedures for the Main and Modified Cuprac Methods
- Application of the Main and Modified Cuprac Methods to Beverages
- Chapter 25. The Use of Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) and Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) Assays in the Assessment of Beverages’ Antioxidant Properties
- Introduction
- Background of Experimental Set-Up for Antioxidant Assays
- Oxygen Radical Absorption Capacity Assay
- Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) Assay
- Consistency of ORAC and Teac Results Beyond the Paradox of Values Variability
- Chapter 26. Methodology for the Measurement of Antioxidant Capacity of Coffee: A Validated Platform Composed of Three Complementary Antioxidant Assays
- Introduction
- Antioxidants—Definition
- Assays for Antioxidants
- Development of a Practical Analytical Platform for Measurement of Antioxidant Capacity of Coffee
- Procedure used for Coffee Preparation
- Assays Based on Electron Transfer Reactions
- Assays Based on Hydrogen Atom Transfer Reactions
- Validation of Results
- Discussion and Conclusions
- Chapter 27. Off-Line HPLC Integrated to Total Antioxidant Capacity Measurement of Beverages
- Introduction
- Off-line HPLC Integrated to Total Antioxidant Capacity Assays
- Conclusion
- Chapter 28. Antioxidant Screening of Beverages using the Online HPLC–DPPH• Assay Incorporating Active Flow Technology Chromatography Columns
- Introduction
- The Analysis of Coffee Using Liquid Chromatographic Separation and DPPH• Antioxidant Detection: a Comparison Between Standard and Parallel Segmented Flow Chromatographies
- The Analysis of Coffee Using Parallel Segmented Flow Chromatography Incorporating Multiplexed Fluorescence and DPPH• Antioxidant Detection
- The Analysis of Coffee Using Reaction Flow Chromatography with Multiplexed Detection
- General Conclusion
- Chapter 29. Analytical Methods for Determination of Polyphenols in Beer
- Introduction
- Global Assays
- Determination of Individual Phenolic Compounds
- Chapter 30. Deriving a Global Antioxidant Score for Commercial Juices by Multivariate Graphical and Scoring Techniques: Applications to Blackcurrant Juice
- Blackcurrants and Antioxidant Compounds
- Consumption of Blackcurrants
- Evaluation of Total Antioxidant Activity
- Antioxidant Activities of Ten Blackcurrant Juices and Correlations
- Statistical Analysis
- Graphical Representations
- Global Antioxidant Score (Gas) and Ranking
- Clustering
- Visualization of the Gas (Chernoff Faces and Stars)
- Conclusions
- Chapter 24. The CUPRAC Methods of Antioxidant Measurement for Beverages
- Index
- No. of pages: 336
- Language: English
- Edition: 1
- Published: April 5, 2014
- Imprint: Academic Press
- Paperback ISBN: 9780128102855
- Hardback ISBN: 9780124047389
- eBook ISBN: 9780124046955
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