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Principles of Neonatology
- 1st Edition - September 8, 2023
- Editor: Akhil Maheshwari
- Language: English
- Hardback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 6 9 4 1 5 - 5
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 6 9 4 1 6 - 2
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 6 9 4 1 7 - 9
Written by leading global experts in the field, Principles of Neonatology provides those on the NICU team with clinically focused, evidence-based guidance in an easy-to-access… Read more
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A highly templated format makes it easy to find exactly the information you need.
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Lavishly illustrated with photos, radiographs, drawings, and charts and graphs that clarify key concepts in a helpful and accessible way.
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Evidence-based focus ensures that only the most reliable treatment protocols and clear-cut, data-driven guidance are included.
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Coverage of all relevant topics in the NICU: skin lesions, congenital anomalies, architecture/development of neonatal intensive care units, pain control, anesthesia for newborn infants, and much more.
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Ideal for every member of the NICU team: neonatologists, neonatology fellows, residents, and neonatal nurses, as well as all other clinicians working in the NICU, including PAs, occupational therapists, respiratory therapists, and others.
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An eBook version is included with purchase. The eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures and references, with the ability to search, customize your content, make notes and highlights, and have content read aloud.
- Cover Image
- Title Page
- Copyright
- Dedication
- List of Contributors
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- Table of Contents
- Section 1 Care of the Premature and Critically-Ill Neonate
- Chapter 1 Design of Neonatal Intensive Care Units
- Introduction
- Patient Safety
- Decrease Stressful Stimuli and Increase Positive Stimuli
- Infection
- Family-Centered Care and Improved Parent-Infant Interactions
- Staffing Patterns, Nursing Workload, and Communication
- Growth and Weight Gain
- Neurodevelopment Outcome
- Hybrid Model
- Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic
- Summary
- References
- Chapter 2 NICU Environment for Parents and Staff
- NICU Parents
- Opportunities in the NICU for Reducing Distress
- Recommendations to Medical Institutions and Organizations
- References
- Chapter 3 Safe Use of Health Information Technology
- Introduction
- The Need to ACT: A Focus on Access, Communication, and Tracking
- Shared Responsibility in EHR Safety
- EHR Security
- Actions Suggested by The Joint Commission
- Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 4 Pharmacologic Management of Neonatal Pain and Agitation
- Introduction
- Pathophysiology
- Clinical Features
- Evaluation
- Management
- Sucrose
- Premedication for Endotracheal Intubation
- Analgesia and Sedation for Other Major Procedures
- Continuous Analgesia and Sedation During Mechanical Ventilation
- Long-Term Outcomes
- References
- Chapter 5 Neonatal Transport
- Introduction
- Evaluation
- Consultation/Medical Director’s Role
- Safety
- Types of Transport and Other Considerations
- Decompensation
- Unique Challenges
- Education and Training
- Quality
- References
- Chapter 6 Radiation Safety in Premature and Critically-Ill Neonates
- Introduction
- Quantifying Radiation Exposure
- Image Acquisition to Optimize Dose and Adhere to the ALARA Principle
- Appendix 6.1
- References
- Section 2 Neonatal Resuscitation and Respiratory Care
- Chapter 7 Placental Transfusion in the Newborn
- Introduction
- Pathophysiology of Placental Transfusion
- Factors That Determine Placental Transfusion
- Methods of Cord Management After Birth
- Placental Transfusion
- How to Set Up a Quality Improvement Project on Implementation of Placental Transfusion Protocol
- Long-Term Outcomes
- Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 8 Neonatal Resuscitation
- Introduction
- The Transition From Fetal to Neonatal Life
- Pathophysiology of Perinatal Asphyxia
- Preparation
- Initial Assessment and Management
- Ventilation
- Support of Circulation
- Telemedicine
- Postresuscitation Care (Fig. 8.11)
- Withholding Aggressive Resuscitation
- References
- Chapter 9 Golden Hour and Thermoregulation
- The Golden Hour of the Preterm or High-Risk Neonate
- Delayed Cord Clamping
- Hypothermia
- Respiratory Support in the Golden Hour
- Fluid Management and Prevention of Hypoglycemia During the Golden Hour
- Prevention of Sepsis in the Golden Hour
- Optimizing Outcomes by Minimizing Interventions
- Future Directions for the Golden Hour
- FURTHER READING
- References
- Chapter 10 Oxygen During Postnatal Stabilization
- Introduction
- Oxygen in Utero and During Fetal-to-Neonatal Transition
- Evolving Arterial Oxygen Saturation in the First Minutes After Birth
- Initial FiO2 for Resuscitation in the Delivery Room
- Higher Initial FiO2: Critical Appraisal of Recent Evidence
- Final Considerations
- References
- Chapter 11 Respiratory Distress Syndrome
- Introduction
- Pathophysiology
- Diagnosis
- Management
- Types of Surfactants
- Indications for Surfactant Administration
- Timing of Surfactant Administration
- Techniques of Surfactant Administration: INSURE, INSURE, and INRecSURE
- Other Respiratory Approaches
- Nonrespiratory Strategies
- Complications of Treatment
- Summary
- References
- Chapter 12 Invasive and Noninvasive Ventilation Strategies
- Introduction
- Invasive Ventilation
- Conventional Mechanical Ventilation
- High-Frequency Ventilation
- Noninvasive Ventilation
- Nasal Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation
- High-Flow Nasal Canula
- Noninvasive High Frequency Ventilation
- Noninvasive Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist
- Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 13 Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn
- Introduction
- Pathophysiology
- Clinical Conditions Presenting With PPHN
- Diagnostic Features
- Severity of Hypoxemia in PPHN
- Evidence-Based Management of PPHN
- Outcomes in Neonates With PPHN
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 14 Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
- Introduction
- Management
- Long-Term Outcomes
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 15 Treatment of Apnea of Prematurity
- Introduction
- Pathophysiology
- Clinical Features and Evaluations
- More Evidence-Based (Direct) Management Approaches
- Less Evidence-Based (Indirect) Management Approaches
- Long-Term Outcomes
- References
- Section 3 Feeding
- Chapter 16 Human Milk
- Introduction
- Preparation of the Mother for Breastfeeding
- Information That We Have Found Useful to Encourage Mothers
- Appropriate Postures for the Mother and Good Latch-on for the Baby
- Milk Expression
- Milk Storage at Home
- Nutritional Components in Human Milk
- Nutritional Implications for the Premature Infant
- Immunologic Benefits
- Neonatal Morbidity
- Chronic Disorders
- Obesity and Related Cardiovascular Changes
- Cognitive Ability
- Benefits of Breastfeeding for Both the Mother and the Infant
- Global Impact
- Breastfeeding Goals
- Prelacteal Feeding
- Contraindications to Breastfeeding
- References
- Chapter 17 Storage and Use of Human Milk in Neonatal Intensive Care Units
- Introduction
- Definition
- Infrastructure of Human Milk Storage Units in NICUs
- Components and Process of a Human Milk Bank
- Documentation
- Staff Training
- Myths and Doubts About Pasteurized Donor Human Milk
- Summary
- References
- Chapter 18 Possible Benefits and Risks of Using Probiotics in Neonates
- Types of Probiotics
- Effect of Probiotics on Composite Outcomes Including NEC, LOS, and All-Cause Mortality
- Effect of Probiotics on the Risk of NEC
- Effect of Probiotics on the Risk of Late-Onset Sepsis and Other Conditions (Table 18.5)
- Mechanisms of Probiotic Effects
- Biologic Plausibility for Effects of Probiotics in Preterm Infants
- Efficacy of Individual Probiotic Strains
- Follow-Up Studies
- Alternative Options With Prebiotics and Synbiotics: Quality and Safety
- Probiotics During Other Diseases Seen in Neonates and Young Infants
- Conclusions
- References
- Section 4 Nutrition
- Chapter 19 Enteral Nutrition
- Introduction
- Preterm Infant Gastrointestinal Tract
- Human Milk Production and Delivery
- Early Enteral Nutrition
- Nutrition Requirements
- Preterm Infant Enteral Nutrition Management
- Long-Term Outcomes
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 20 Parenteral Nutrition in Neonates
- Indications for Parenteral Nutrition
- Nutrition Requirements in Parenteral Nutrition
- Macronutrients
- Electrolytes and Macrominerals
- Vitamins
- Trace Elements
- Compatibilities in Parenteral Nutrition
- Practical Calculations for Parenteral Nutrition Administration
- Complications of Parenteral Nutrition
- References
- Chapter 21 Nutrition in Short Bowel Syndrome
- Introduction
- Development of the Gastrointestinal System and Relevance to Short Bowel Syndrome
- Nutritional Challenges in Short Bowel Syndrome
- Intestinal Adaptation/Rehabilitation
- Goals of Intestinal Rehabilitation
- Nutritional Strategies in Short Bowel Syndrome
- Nonnutritional Strategies in the Management of Short Bowel Syndrome
- Cycling of Parenteral Nutrition
- Multidisciplinary Care
- Medications
- Dietary Fibers
- Enteral Fish Oil and Lipid Supplements
- Probiotics
- Predictors of Successful Outcomes
- Future Directions
- References
- Chapter 22 Neonatal Nutrition Assessment
- Introduction
- Classification of the Newborn
- Birth Weight Classification
- Anthropometric and Growth Assessment
- Body Mass Index
- Body Composition Modalities
- Evidence of Healthy Body Composition
- Biochemical Assessment
- Clinical Assessment
- Short Bowel Syndrome
- Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
- Metabolic Bone Disease
- Nutrition-Focused Physical Exam
- Diagnosing Malnutrition in the Newborn
- Conclusion
- References
- Section 5 Endocrine Disorders
- Chapter 23 Neonatal Hypoglycemia
- Introduction
- Transitional Neonatal Hypoglycemia
- Screening Neonates at Risk for Hypoglycemia
- Neonates at Risk for Persistent Hypoglycemia and Indications for Evaluation
- Initial Treatment and Stabilization
- Evaluation of Persistent Hypoglycemia: The Diagnostic Fast
- Hyperinsulinism
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 24 Infants of Diabetic Mothers
- Epidemiology
- Pathophysiology
- Clinical Features
- Management
- Prognosis
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 25 Evidence-Based Neonatology: Neonatal Pituitary Hormone Deficiencies
- Introduction
- Genetics of Pituitary Disease
- Syndromes Associated With Pituitary Deficiency
- Growth Hormone Deficiency
- Central Hypothyroidism
- Gonadotropin Deficiency
- Adrenal Insufficiency
- Posterior Pituitary Hormone Deficiencies
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 26 Neonatal Thyroid Disease
- Introduction
- Pathophysiology
- Clinical Features
- Evaluation
- Management
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 27 Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in Neonates
- Introduction
- Embryology and Development of the HPA Axis
- Clinical Features of Adrenal Insufficiency
- Causes of Adrenal Insufficiency
- Evaluation
- Management
- References
- Chapter 28 Disorders of Neonatal Mineral Metabolism and Metabolic Bone Disease
- Background
- Fetal Bone Development
- Postnatal Mineral and Hormone Physiology
- Hypercalcemia
- PTH-Dependent Hypercalcemia
- Neonatal Severe Hyperparathyroidism and Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
- PTH-Independent Hypercalcemia
- Hypocalcemia
- Early Neonatal Hypocalcemia
- Late Neonatal Hypocalcemia
- Hypocalcemia Management
- Biochemical Changes in Metabolic Bone Disease of Prematurity
- Risk Factors for Metabolic Bone Disease
- Biochemical Screening for MBD
- Role of Radiographic Screening for MBD
- Prevention of MBD
- Treatment of MBD
- Postdischarge Management
- Long-Term Outlook for Growth and Bone Mineralization
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 29 Disorders of Sex Development for Neonatologists
- Definition
- Epidemiology
- Embryology
- Endocrinology of the Fetal Testis
- Embryology of the Internal Ducts and External Genitalia
- Genetic Regulation of Sex Determination and Sex Development
- Nomenclature and Etiologies of Disorders of Sex Development
- Evaluation of the Infant With a Disorder of Sex Development
- Management of Disorders of Sex Development in the Neonatal Period
- Conclusion
- References
- Section 6 Infections
- Chapter 30 Early-Onset Sepsis
- Introduction
- Epidemiology
- Pathophysiology
- Risk Factors
- Microbiology
- Clinical Features
- Risk Assessment
- Diagnostic Evaluation
- Empiric Therapy
- References
- Chapter 31 Late-Onset Sepsis
- Introduction
- Epidemiology
- Pathophysiology
- Risk Factors
- Microbiology
- Clinical Features
- Evaluation
- Prevention
- Empiric Therapy
- Targeted Therapy
- Adjunctive Therapy
- Long-Term Outcomes
- References
- Chapter 32 Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus Infections
- Background
- Virus
- Epidemiology
- Clinical Manifestation
- Diagnosis
- Management and Prevention
- Outcomes
- Vaccine
- Management of the Asymptomatic Exposed Infant
- Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 33 Postnatal Cytomegalovirus Infection Among Preterm Infants
- Introduction
- Viral Pathogenesis
- Disease Pathogenesis
- Perinatal Epidemiology
- Preterm pCMV
- Clinical Features of CMV Infection
- Diagnostic Testing
- Disease Management
- Infection Prevention
- References
- Chapter 34 Congenital Syphilis
- Introduction
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Features
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Follow-Up
- Prevention
- References
- Chapter 35 Invasive Fungal Infections in theNICU: Candida, Aspergillosis, and Mucormycosis
- Introduction
- Candida
- Aspergillosis and Mucormycosis
- References
- Section 7 Cardiac Defects and Dysfunction
- Chapter 36 Congenital Heart Defects
- Overview
- Clinical Features
- Timing of Presentation
- History and Physical Examination
- Evaluation
- Screening for CHD
- Management
- Long-Term Considerations
- References
- Chapter 37 Cardiac Defects—Anatomy and Physiology
- Septal Defects
- Outflow Septation and Conal Defects
- Outflow Tract Pathology
- Arch Anomalies and Ductus Arteriosus
- Inflow Tract Anomalies
- Single Ventricles
- Abnormal Venous Connections
- References
- Chapter 38 Medical and Surgical Management of Critical Congenital Heart Disease
- Inadequate Pulmonary Blood Flow
- Inadequate Systemic Blood Flow
- Inadequate Intracardiac Shunts
- Ventricular Dysfunction
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 39 Neonatal Arrhythmia and Conduction Abnormalities
- Normal Atrioventricular Conduction
- Atrioventricular Block
- Intraventricular Conduction Delays
- Long QT Syndrome
- Tachyarrhythmias
- Summary
- References
- Chapter 40 Pulmonary Hypertension in Chronic Lung Disease
- Introduction
- Pathophysiology
- Evaluation
- Management
- General Care
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 41 Hemodynamic Assessment and Management of a Critically Ill Infant
- Introduction
- Fluid Dynamics: Understanding the Relationship Between Pressure and Flow
- Determinants of Cardiac Output
- Determinants of Systemic Vascular Resistance
- Pathophysiology of Shock
- Role of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Neonatal Shock
- References
- Section 8 Jaundice, Blood Disorders, and Transfusions
- Chapter 42 A Practical Guide to Evaluating and Treating Severe Neonatal Indirect Hyperbilirubinemia
- Overview
- Determining Causes of Severe Hyperbilirubinemia
- Hemolytic Causes of Hyperbilirubinemia
- Nonhemolytic Causes of Indirect Hyperbilirubinemia
- Treatment of Severe Hyperbilirubinemia
- References
- Chapter 43 Neonatal Anemia
- Introduction
- Fetal and Neonatal Erythropoiesis
- Identifying Anemia Using Reference Intervals
- When the Cause of Neonatal Anemia Is Not Obvious
- Hyporegenerative Anemia
- Hemorrhagic Anemia
- Hemolytic Anemia
- Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus/Neonate
- Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus/Neonate Associated With Infectious Diseases
- References
- Chapter 44 Evidence-Based Neonatal Transfusion Guidelines
- Introduction and Pathophysiology
- Clinical Studies
- Evaluation and Management
- References
- Chapter 45 Neonatal Thrombocytopenia
- Platelet Counts in Newborn Infants
- Fetal and Neonatal Platelet Production
- Evaluation of Neonatal Thrombocytopenia
- Management
- Altered Platelet Function
- References
- Section 9 Neurological Disorders
- Chapter 46 Management of Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy Using Therapeutic Hypothermia
- Introduction
- The Pathogenesis of Brain Cell Death
- The Determinants of Neuroprotection With Therapeutic Hypothermia
- Clinical Evidence for Therapeutic Hypothermia
- Is It Possible to Further Optimize Therapeutic Hypothermia?
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 47 Management of Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy Using Measures Other Than Therapeutic Hypothermia
- Definition, Diagnosis, and Differential
- Pathophysiology
- Stratification of Patients by Risk
- Transport
- Supportive Management
- Neuroprotective Strategies
- Future Adjuvant Therapies
- Postacute Care Follow-Up
- References
- Chapter 48 Management of Encephalopathy of Prematurity
- Introduction
- Pathophysiology
- Clinical Features and Evaluation
- Management
- Outcome
- References
- Chapter 49 Neonatal Seizures
- Introduction
- Pathophysiology
- Differential Diagnosis
- Evaluation
- Management
- Long-Term Outcomes
- References
- Chapter 50 Stroke in Neonates
- Introduction
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Presentation
- Evaluation and Management
- Outcomes
- References
- Chapter 51 Using Biomarkers for Management of Perinatal Brain Injury
- REFERENCES
- Chapter 52 Intraventricular Hemorrhage and Posthemorrhage Hydrocephalus
- Introduction
- Incidence and Timing of GM-IVH
- Neuropathology
- Pathogenesis of Periventricular Hemorrhagic Infarction
- Posthemorrhagic Ventricular Dilatation and Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus
- Clinical Features
- Diagnosis
- Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus (PHH)
- Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 53 Management of Neurotrauma
- Introduction
- Epidemiology
- Neonatal Neurotrauma Anatomical Classification
- Head Injuries
- Intracranial Hematomas
- Spine and Spinal Cord Injuries
- REFERENCES
- Chapter 54 Management of Myelomeningocele and Related Disorders of the Newborn
- Introduction
- Pathophysiology
- Clinical Features
- Diagnosis
- Management
- Long-Term Outcomes
- REFERENCES
- Chapter 55 Treating Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome in the Newborn
- Introduction
- Opioids
- Stimulants
- Kratom Tea
- Depressants
- Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
- Conclusions
- REFERENCES
- Section 10 Immunology
- Chapter 56 Neonatal Immunity
- Leukocyte Populations in the Fetus and the Neonate
- Innate Immune System
- Adaptive Immune System
- REFERENCES
- Chapter 57 Immunodeficiency Syndromes Seen During the Neonatal Period
- Introduction
- Innate Immune System
- Adaptive Immune System
- Immune Deficiency Affecting Multiple Cell Lineages
- REFERENCES
- Section 11 Kidney
- Chapter 58 Neonatal Acute Kidney Injury
- Introduction
- Developmental Considerations
- Definitions of Neonatal AKI
- Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Neonatal AKI
- Evaluation: Prevention and Mitigation of Neonatal AKI
- Novel Approaches to Determining AKI Risk and Kidney Function
- Management of Neonatal AKI
- Long-Term Outcomes After Neonatal AKI
- Summary
- REFERENCES
- Chapter 59 Renal Replacement Therapy
- Renal Replacement Therapy in Infants With Acute and Chronic Renal Failure
- Peritoneal Dialysis
- Hemodialysis
- CRRT
- RRT is Changing the Prognosis of Acute AKI in Neonates
- The Impact of RRT on CAKUTs and Inherited Cystic Kidney Diseases
- References
- Chapter 60 Neonatal Hypertension
- Introduction
- Proper Blood Pressure Measurement
- Physiology of Blood Pressure in Neonates
- Incidence of Hypertension
- Etiology of Hypertension
- Clinical Presentation
- Evaluation of Hypertension
- Management of Hypertension
- Long-Term Outcomes
- References
- Chapter 61 Altered Development of the Kidneys and the Urinary Tract
- Altered Development of the Kidneys and the Urinary Tract
- Congenital Abnormalities of the Kidney and the Urinary Tract
- Evaluation
- Functional Disorders
- Low Nephron Counts and Glomerular Volume
- Inherited Renal Cystic Disorders
- Medical Management of Renal Anomalies
- References
- Section 12 Eye Disorders
- Chapter 62 Retinopathy of Prematurity
- Introduction
- Pathophysiology
- Role of Growth Hormone and IGF-1 in ROP
- Other Factors With Possible Roles in Pathogenesis of ROP
- Clinical Features of ROP
- Management
- Screening for ROP
- Timing of Screening
- Treatment of ROP
- Surgery
- Sequelae of Treated ROP
- Future Direction
- REFERENCES
- Chapter 63 Developmental Anomalies of the Globe and Ocular Adnexa in Neonates
- Introduction to the Eye and Adnexal Structures
- Abnormal Eye Structure
- Abnormal Eyelid Structure/Function
- REFERENCES
- Chapter 64 Developmental Anomalies of the Cornea and Iris in Neonates
- Cornea: Abnormal Appearance or Size
- Iris and Pupil: Congenital Abnormalities
- REFERENCES
- Chapter 65 Cataract and Glaucoma
- Congenital Cataract
- Glaucoma
- References
- Section 13 ENT and Auditory Conditions
- Chapter 66 Neonatal Tracheostomy
- Introduction
- Pathophysiology
- Clinical Features and Indications
- Management
- Summary
- REFERENCES
- Chapter 67 Stridor and Laryngotracheal Airway Obstruction in Newborns
- Introduction
- Pathophysiology and Clinical Features
- Evaluation (Clinical, Laboratory, and/or Imaging)
- Management and Long-Term Outcomes
- REFERENCES
- Chapter 68 Pierre-Robin Sequence/Cleft Palate-Related Airway Obstruction Seen in Neonates
- Introduction
- Pathophysiology
- Clinical Features
- Evaluation
- Management
- Feeding Management
- Long-Term Outcomes
- Summary
- References
- Chapter 69 Congenital Hearing Loss Seen in Neonates
- Introduction
- Etiology and Pathophysiology of Sensorineural Hearing Loss
- Newborn Hearing Screen (NHS)
- Definitive Diagnosis
- Management of Newborns With SNHL
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 70 Nasal Obstruction in Newborn Infants
- Introduction
- General Clinical Features and Recommended Evaluations for Neonatal Nasal Obstruction
- Considerations for Initial Management of Neonatal Nasal Obstruction
- Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Clinical Features, Evaluation, and Management of More Common Causes of Neonatal Nasal Obstruction
- Conclusions
- References
- Section 14 Orthopedic Conditions
- Chapter 71 Upper Extremity Conditionsin the Neonate
- Introduction
- Embryology
- Pathophysiology
- Clinical Features, Evaluation, Management, Long-Term Outcomes, and Conditions
- Radial, Ulnar, and Central Longitudinal Deficiencies
- References
- Chapter 72 Newborn Spine Deformities
- Introduction
- Pathophysiology
- Clinical Features
- Evaluation
- Management
- Growth Preservation Strategies
- References
- Chapter 73 Hip and Lower Extremity Deformities
- Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
- Talipes Equinovarus
- Calcaneovalgus
- Congenital Hyperextension of the Knee and Congenital Knee Dislocation
- Fibular Hemimelia
- Congenital Femoral Deficiency
- Tibial Hemimelia
- Tibial Bowing
- Congenital Vertical Talus
- References
- Chapter 74 Fractures and Musculoskeletal Infections in the Neonate
- Clavicular Fractures
- Congenital Pseudarthrosis of the Clavicle
- Humerus Fractures
- Femoral Fractures
- Congenital Pseudarthrosis of the Tibia
- Bone and Joint Infections
- Conclusion
- REFERENCES
- Section 15 Inborn Errors of Metabolism and Newborn Screening
- Chapter 75 Most Frequently Encountered Inborn Errors of Metabolism
- Diagnosis of Conditions With Early Neonatal Onset or Those Not Included in Screening Programs
- Clinical Approach to IEMs Detected in NBS Programs
- Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
- REFERENCES
- Chapter 76 Screening Programs for EarlyDetection of Inborn Errors ofMetabolism in Neonates
- Introduction
- Background
- Selection of Disorders
- Description of the Process
- Abnormal Newborn Screen Results
- False-Positive/False-Negative Results
- References
- Section 16 Genetic Conditions (Including Microarrays, Exome Sequencing)
- Chapter 77 An Overview of GeneticTesting
- Diagnostic Techniques in Clinical Genetics
- Chromosomal Disorders and Karyotyping
- Mosaicism
- Aneuploidy
- Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization
- Chromosomal Microarray
- Sanger Sequencing
- Next-generation Sequencing Technology
- Gene Panel Testing
- Exome Sequencing
- Genome Sequencing
- References
- Chapter 78 Genetics of Common Birth Defects in Newborns
- Summary
- Introduction
- Congenital Heart Disease
- Chromosomal Aneuploidies
- Copy Number Variations
- Single-Gene Defects
- Heterotaxy and Ciliopathies
- GDF1 and Founder Ashkenazi Mutation
- Monogenic Causes of Isolated CHD
- Common Variants and CHD
- Recommendations for Clinical Genetic Testing
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 79 Common Monogenetic Conditions in Newborns
- Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease
- Achondroplasia
- Rasopathies
- Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
- Spinal Muscular Atrophy
- Congenital Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1
- References
- Chapter 80 Common Chromosomal Conditions in Newborns
- Introduction
- Turner Syndrome (Monosomy X) and Triple X Syndrome (Trisomy X)
- Klinefelter Syndrome
- Jacobs Syndrome
- Trisomy 13 and Trisomy 18
- Trisomy 21
- Microdeletion/Microduplication Syndromes
- References
- Section 17 Neonatal Surgical Conditions
- Chapter 81 Necrotizing Enterocolitis
- Introduction
- Risk Factors
- The Five Clinical Presentations of NEC in Infants
- Differential Diagnoses
- Diagnosis
- Management
- Medical Management
- Operative Management
- Complications From NEC
- Outcomes and Prevention in Patients Undergoing Surgery for NEC
- Summary
- References
- Chapter 82 Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Neonates
- Introduction
- ECMO—Respiratory
- Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
- Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn
- Meconium Aspiration Syndrome
- ECMO—Cardiac
- ECMO—ECPR
- Neurologic Outcomes
- Controversies and Ethical Considerations
- References
- Chapter 83 Intestinal Surgery in the Newborn—Atresias, Volvulus, and Everything Else
- Introduction
- Intestinal Atresia
- Malrotation and Volvulus
- Meconium Ileus
- Duplication Cysts
- Abdominal Wall Defects
- References
- Chapter 84 Pulmonary Surgery inthe Newborn
- Upper Respiratory Airway Disease
- Laryngomalacia
- Laryngeal Stenosis
- Laryngeal Webs and Laryngeal Atresia
- Tracheomalacia
- Tracheal Stenosis
- Vascular Compression of the Airway
- Congenital Lung Lesions
- Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation
- Bronchopulmonary Sequestration
- Congenital Lobar Emphysema
- Bronchogenic Cysts
- Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
- Diaphragmatic Eventration
- References
- Chapter 85 Congenital Anorectal Malformations and Hirschsprung Disease in the Neonate
- Introduction
- Anorectal Malformations
- Hirschprung Disease
- Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 86 Esophageal Surgery in Neonates: Esophageal Atresia, Gastroesophageal Reflux, and Other Congenital Anomalies
- Introduction
- EA and TEF
- Surgery for Other Esophageal Pathology in Neonates
- Summary
- References
- Section 18 Current State of Neonatal Palliative Care
- Chapter 87 Caring for Families Who Have Previously Endured Multiple Perinatal Losses
- Reproductive Story
- Ontological Death
- Complexity of the Loss of Young Infants
- Impact of Previous Losses During Pregnancy or Early Infancy
- Grief
- Role of the Healthcare Professional
- References
- Chapter 88 Current State of Perinatal Palliative Care: Clinical Practice, Training, and Research
- Introduction
- The Clinical Practice of Perinatal Palliative Care
- Progress in Perinatal Palliative Care Research
- References
- Chapter 89 Serious Communication in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Evidence for Strategies and Training
- Communication in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 90 Pain and Symptom Management in Newborns Receiving Palliative and End-of-Life Care
- Introduction
- Pain
- Opioids
- Additional Medications for Pain Control
- Nonpain Symptoms
- Nonpharmacologic Interventions
- Symptom Management in the Actively Dying Neonate
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 91 Palliative Care Family Support in Neonatology
- Prenatal Phase
- Acute Neonatal Intensive Care Phase
- Chronic Critical Illness Phase
- Bereavement Phase
- References
- Section 19 Follow-Up
- Chapter 92 Early Diagnosis and Intervention in Neonatal Intensive Care Units
- Days 1 to 3 of Life
- Days 3 to 7 of Life in the NICU
- Prior to Discharge From the NICU
- References
- Chapter 93 Early Diagnosis and Intervention—On Neonatal Follow-Up
- Ensuring Continuity and Compliance After Discharge From the NICU
- Role of Developmental Follow-Up Services
- Developmental Surveillance—After Discharge From the NICU
- Beyond Early Infancy
- Referral: Timely Specific Interventions and Interprofessional Integration
- Audits and Process of Improvement
- References
- Chapter 94 Early Detection of Cerebral Palsy
- Introduction
- Pathophysiology
- Clinical Features and Evaluation of Cerebral Palsy
- Long-Term Outcomes
- Management
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 95 Use of Neuroimaging to Predict Adverse Developmental Outcomes in High-Risk Infants
- Introduction
- Imaging of the Neonatal Central Nervous System
- Types of Brain Injury in the Neonatal Period
- Comparison of TE-cUS and TE-MRI for Predicting Neurodevelopmental Outcomes
- Advanced MRI Techniques
- Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 96 Neurodevelopmental Impairment in Specific Neonatal Disorders
- Introduction
- Pathophysiology
- Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy
- Intraventricular Hemorrhage
- Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
- Necrotizing Enterocolitis
- Neonatal Sepsis
- References
- Section 20 Designing Clinical Trials in Neonatology
- Chapter 97 Quality Improvement in Neonatal Care
- General Considerations
- Methodology
- Quality Networks
- Professional Expectations for QI
- Research Versus Quality Improvement
- References
- Chapter 98 Neonatal Randomized Controlled Trials
- Introduction
- Clinical Trial Designs
- Informed Consent
- Recruitment and Retention of Trial Participants
- Long-Term Follow-Up in Neonatal RCTs
- Stakeholder Engagement in Neonatal RCT Design
- Summary Conclusions
- Acknowledgment
- References
- Chapter 99 Designing Clinical Trials in Neonatology—International Trials
- Introduction
- Building a Shared Vision of the Purpose of the Study
- How to Encourage Local Buy-in and Participation
- Regulatory and Ethical Considerations
- Guidelines for the Conduct of International Clinical Trials
- Potential Sources of Funding
- Conclusion
- References
- Section 21 Healthcare Leadership
- Chapter 100 Organization of Neonatal Intensive Care
- Neonatal Intensive Care Units
- Leadership Structure
- Medical Staff
- Nursing and Ancillary Staff
- Data, Quality, and Safety Staff
- NICU Provider Workforce Shortages and Strategies
- Transition to Home
- References
- Chapter 101 Leadership and Organizational Culture in Healthcare
- Leadership
- Leadership Types
- Significance of Specific Leadership Styles
- Organizational Culture
- Further Reading
- References
- Section 22 Neonatal Dermatology
- Chapter 102 Skin Disorders in Newborn Infants
- Immaturity of the Skin in Newborn Infants
- Transient Cutaneous Changes Seen in Newborn Infants
- Minor Congenital Anomalies That Predominantly Involve the Skin
- Complications Associated With Neonatal Intensive Care
- Congenital Disorders of Skin Structure Seen in Newborn Infants
- Vascular Malformations
- Inflammatory Disorders of the Neonatal Skin
- Scaling Disorders
- Cutaneous Infections
- Cutaneous Neoplasms
- References
- Index
- No. of pages: 928
- Language: English
- Edition: 1
- Published: September 8, 2023
- Imprint: Elsevier
- Hardback ISBN: 9780323694155
- eBook ISBN: 9780323694162
- eBook ISBN: 9780323694179