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Principles of Gender-Specific Medicine
Sex and Gender-Specific Biology in the Postgenomic Era
- 4th Edition - April 3, 2023
- Editor: Marianne Legato J
- Language: English
- Hardback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 8 5 3 4 - 8
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 5 8 2 7 - 1
Awarded with the 2018 Prose Award in Clinical Medicine, the third edition of Principles of Gender-Specific Medicine explored and described exciting new areas in biomedicine that i… Read more
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Request a sales quoteAwarded with the 2018 Prose Award in Clinical Medicine, the third edition of Principles of Gender-Specific Medicine explored and described exciting new areas in biomedicine that integrated technology into the treatment of disease and the augmentation of human function. Novel topics such as the sex-specific aspects of space medicine, the development and the use of genderized robots and a discussion of cyborgs were included in the third edition, providing a preview of the expanding world of sex-specific physiology and therapeutics. This Fourth Edition is a continuation of the mission to trace the relevance of biological sex to normal function and to the experience of disease in humans.
We are now twenty years into the postgenomic era. The investigation of how the genome produces the phenome has led to fascinating insights as well as yet unanswered questions. Principles of Gender-Specific Medicine, Fourth Edition, has a central theme: discuss advances in understanding the role of epigenetics in regulating gene expression in a dynamic, sex-specific way during human life. It explores the protean role of epigenetics in human physiology, the relevance of environmental experience to human function, the therapeutic promise of cutting-edge methodologies like gene manipulation, the preparation of humans for space travel, the use of artificial intelligence in detection and therapeutic decisions concerning disease states, the possibilities for technological support of not only compromised individuals but of the augmentation of human function, and an analysis of the benefits, limitations and issues that surround our current expectations of personalized medicine.
We are now twenty years into the postgenomic era. The investigation of how the genome produces the phenome has led to fascinating insights as well as yet unanswered questions. Principles of Gender-Specific Medicine, Fourth Edition, has a central theme: discuss advances in understanding the role of epigenetics in regulating gene expression in a dynamic, sex-specific way during human life. It explores the protean role of epigenetics in human physiology, the relevance of environmental experience to human function, the therapeutic promise of cutting-edge methodologies like gene manipulation, the preparation of humans for space travel, the use of artificial intelligence in detection and therapeutic decisions concerning disease states, the possibilities for technological support of not only compromised individuals but of the augmentation of human function, and an analysis of the benefits, limitations and issues that surround our current expectations of personalized medicine.
- Covers the most important developments in biomedical research in the past decade, with a thoughtful analysis of how they impact patient care
- Discusses the feasibility and usefulness of personalized medicine, the limits and promise of genetic editing, the basis for variation in sexual identity and how artificial intelligence and technology will affect basic human function as well as correcting disability
- Promotes and facilitates discussions about the ethics and governance issues that surround much of what science is now able to do at the most basic levels of human’s physiology
Infertility specialists, including embryologists, reproductive endocrinologists, reproductive geneticists, andrologists and pharmacologists. Researchers, graduate and physician scientists interested in genomic biological research, in sex, gender, epigenetics, and translational research, Medical technology industry
- Cover image
- Title page
- Table of Contents
- Copyright
- Dedication
- Contributors
- Foreword
- 1: Gender- and sex-conscious medicine vs. precision medicine
- 2: Precision medicine, sex, and gender
- References
- Preface
- Chapter 1: Is there a role for natural selection in sex differences?
- Abstract
- Acknowledgments
- 1.1: Introduction
- 1.2: The study of sex steroid activity may provide insights on the origin of sex differences in organs not directly associated with reproduction
- 1.3: Liver sexual dimorphism: A resultant of evolutionary pressure?
- 1.4: A potential role of liver in the sexually dimorphic predisposition to disease
- 1.5: Do sex specific metabolic responses explain all differences in male and female predisposition to disease?
- 1.6: Concluding remarks
- References
- Chapter 2: Spermatozoa selection in the female reproductive tract: The initiation of the battle of the sexes
- Abstract
- 2.1: Introduction: The adaptive control of offspring gender
- 2.2: Offspring gender bias in nonmammals
- 2.3: Offspring gender bias in mammals
- 2.4: What is the advantage of skewed sex ratio?
- 2.5: Evidence that parents are able to influence the sex ratio of offspring
- 2.6: Can the female reproductive tract influence offspring gender bias?
- 2.7: Differential molecular expression in X chromosome and Y chromosome-bearing spermatozoa
- 2.8: Spermatozoa induce sex-specific gene expression in the oviduct
- 2.9: Sex-specific sperm recognition systems in the female reproductive tract: Potential mechanisms of action
- 2.10: Concluding remarks
- References
- Chapter 3: Gender/sex: Shaping identity in infancy and early childhood
- Abstract
- 3.1: A little history
- 3.2: Clarifying terminology
- 3.3: Theoretical challenges
- 3.4: Gender/sex identity in young children: What is it? How does it develop?
- 3.5: Toward a theory of gender/sex identity development
- 3.6: Supporting empirical research
- 3.7: Conclusion: Gender/sex identity formation and challenges for future research and educational policy
- References
- Chapter 4: A gendered brain perspective from structure to brain interactions
- Abstract
- Acknowledgments
- 4.1: Introduction
- 4.2: Brain imaging in vivo: Structural and functional connectivity techniques
- 4.3: Structural brain contributions to the understanding of gender identities
- 4.4: Brain network interactions in the construction of a gendered self
- 4.5: Future directions and concluding remarks
- References
- Chapter 5: Sex-specific implications of exposure to an adverse intrauterine environment
- Abstract
- 5.1: Introduction
- 5.2: Sex-specific differences in normal intrauterine development
- 5.3: Sexual dimorphism in the placenta
- 5.4: Interaction of maternal physiology and fetal sex
- 5.5: Defining a sex-specific response in developmental programming – Methodological analysis
- 5.6: Sex-specific implications of adverse environmental stimuli in human early development
- 5.7: Sex-specific implications of adverse environmental stimuli in animal models
- 5.8: Developmental programming of the reproductive tract: A special case
- 5.9: Sex-specific transgenerational developmental programming
- 5.10: Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 6: Mate choice and the genetic imprint of the battle of the sexes
- Abstract
- 6.1: Introduction
- 6.2: Imprinting of mate choice behavior
- 6.3: The role of Peg13 in regulating behavioral phenotypes
- 6.4: Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 7: Using the exposome to understand the role of the environment in gender- and sex-specific medicine
- Abstract
- 7.1: The environment as a modifier of health and disease
- 7.2: Sex-specific responses to environmental exposures
- 7.3: Examples of sex-specific household and personal care exposures
- 7.4: Intersectionality
- 7.5: The exposome as a tool to measure environmental contribution to health and disease
- 7.6: Introduction to the concept and benefits of the exposome
- 7.7: Analytical techniques
- 7.8: Incorporating the exposome as a variable in sex-specific medicine
- 7.9: What is the male exposome versus the female exposome
- 7.10: Nonbinary medicine
- 7.11: How we can use the exposome framework to study sex differences
- References
- Chapter 8: Regulation of gene expression in the brain by sex hormones
- Abstract
- 8.1: Introduction
- 8.2: Gene regulation by gonadal sex hormones
- 8.3: Sex variability in the brain
- 8.4: Sex variable gene expression in the brain
- 8.5: The future of organization and activation: More to it than two
- References
- Chapter 9: Sex-specific differences in mitochondrial function and its role in health disparities
- Abstract
- Funding sources
- 9.1: Introduction
- 9.2: The potential origin of sex differences in mitochondrial biology
- 9.3: A role for mitonuclear crosstalk as a driver of sex differences
- 9.4: Expanding the mitochondrial genetic repertoire
- 9.5: Mitochondria-derived peptides and their potential link to sex differences in mitochondrial function
- 9.6: Mitochondria localized micro-RNA encoded by nuclear DNA
- 9.7: Sex-based numtogenesis
- 9.8: Sex differences in the mtDNA-mediated epigenetic regulation
- 9.9: Sex steroids in mitochondrial biology
- 9.10: Sex differences in mitochondrial respiratory function, metabolism, and oxidative stress
- 9.11: X-chromosome encoded mitochondrial proteins in sex-specific function
- 9.12: Mitochondria and hormones
- 9.13: Sex differences in the expression of mitochondrial genes
- 9.14: Mitochondrial genome-mediated sex-specific phenotypes
- 9.15: Evidence for mitochondrial genetic control of autosomal gene expression
- 9.16: Future perspectives
- References
- Chapter 10: Sex differences in fetal programming: Antenatal origins of health and disease (AOHD)
- Abstract
- 10.1: Fetal origin hypothesis
- 10.2: Genetic, environmental and hormonal aspects of fetal sex determination
- 10.3: The placenta
- 10.4: The effects of fetal testosterone on the growing fetus
- 10.5: “Female” brain and “male” brain
- 10.6: Antenatal origin of health and disease (AOHD)
- 10.7: Prenatal maternal stress and the developing embryo and fetus
- 10.8: The pregnant women as a mediator to the outside world
- References
- Chapter 11: Sex differences in the brain: Focus on developmental mechanisms
- Abstract
- 11.1: Introduction
- 11.2: Historical perspective and current status
- 11.3: Conceptualizing sex differences
- 11.4: Steroid hormones program the developing brain
- 11.5: Mechanisms of steroid-induced masculinization
- 11.6: Elucidating mechanisms of normal brain development in males and females provides clues to sources of vulnerability and resilience
- References
- Chapter 12: Genes, environments, and epigenetics
- Abstract
- 12.1: Introduction
- 12.2: Moving from the nature–nurture dichotomy to gene–environment interplay
- 12.3: Epigenetics and gene regulation
- 12.4: Biological embedding of experience
- 12.5: Epigenetics, sex, and gender
- 12.6: Epigenetics and sex differences in health and well-being
- 12.7: Epigenetics and gender
- 12.8: Summary and anticipating the future
- References
- Chapter 13: Epigenetics: Mechanisms, theory, and social implications
- Abstract
- Acknowledgments
- 13.1: Evolution and development: A new synthesis?
- 13.2: Genes in the postgenomic age
- 13.3: Postgenomic genomes as genomes-in-context
- 13.4: Enter epigenetics
- 13.5: Summary and potential social implications
- 13.6: Gender and epigenetics
- References
- Chapter 14: Adipose-derived stem cells: Use in clinical medicine
- Abstract
- 14.1: Orthopedics
- 14.2: Regenerative medicine using adipose-derived stem cells in surgery
- 14.3: Cardiovascular surgery
- 14.4: Periodontal surgery
- References
- Chapter 15: All cells have a sex: Sex chromosome function at the cellular level
- Abstract
- 15.1: Introduction
- 15.2: Cell physiology at the heart of biomedical science
- 15.3: Hormone-independent effects of sex chromosomes and the “sexome”
- 15.4: The sex chromosomes
- 15.5: Sex and autoimmune disease – It depends where your X came from
- 15.6: X-rated microRNAs
- 15.7: Zinc finger proteins
- 15.8: Sex at the heart of protein synthesis
- 15.9: Sex and the cytochromes
- 15.10: Sex in the time of covid
- 15.11: Sex and the brain
- 15.12: Y some male cells are not!
- 15.13: Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 16: Best-laid plans: The establishment of biological sex and its susceptibility to genetic and environmental disruption
- Abstract
- Acknowledgments
- 16.1: Introduction
- 16.2: Sry does not provide a robust sex-determining mechanism
- 16.3: Gonadal development is highly dependent on intercellular signaling mechanisms
- 16.4: For each sex there is an alternative pathway that is engaged if the intended pathway is compromised
- 16.5: Concluding remarks
- References
- Chapter 17: CRISPR technology and its potential role in treating rare imprinting diseases
- Abstract
- 17.1: Introduction to imprinting and imprinting diseases
- 17.2: Angelman syndrome and Prader–Willi syndrome
- 17.3: Prader–Willi syndrome epidemiology, clinical manifestation and disease genetics
- 17.4: Bridging IDs with current advances in genome editing
- 17.5: CRISPR-based systems in the context of Angelman and Prader–Willi syndromes
- 17.6: Concerns regarding CRISPR based genome editing
- References
- Chapter 18: Parental genome and brain functions: The case of genomic imprinting
- Abstract
- 18.1: Genomic imprinting: An overview
- 18.2: Timing of imprinting establishment
- 18.3: Imprinting disorders
- 18.4: Imprinting in the brain and sleep regulation
- 18.5: Concluding remarks
- References
- Chapter 19: Microbiome: Impact of sex on function and characteristics of gut microbiome
- Abstract
- Acknowledgments
- 19.1: Introduction
- 19.2: Host microbiome and immune system
- 19.3: Sex bias in the immune system
- 19.4: Microbiome and sex bias
- 19.5: Sex hormones and microbiome
- 19.6: Microbiome in sex-biased autoimmunity
- 19.7: Lupus and microbiome
- 19.8: Rheumatoid arthritis and microbiome
- 19.9: Diet, sex, and microbiome
- References
- Chapter 20: Geoepidemiology and the key role of sex chromosomes on autoimmune diseases
- Abstract
- 20.1: Introduction
- 20.2: Geoepidemiology of autoimmune diseases: “Where” can help to explain “why”
- 20.3: Sex prevalence: Why is autoimmunity more common in women?
- 20.4: The influence of gender
- 20.5: Sex prevalence in autoimmune diseases: Is there a prognostic role for sex?
- 20.6: Concluding remarks and future directions
- References
- Chapter 21: Molecular mechanisms of sex differences in epilepsy
- Abstract
- 21.1: Introduction
- 21.2: Sex differences in the epilepsies
- 21.3: Potential molecular and network mechanisms of sex differences in epilepsy
- 21.4: Neurobiological mechanisms in catamenial epilepsy
- 21.5: Sex differences in antiseizure medication treatments
- 21.6: Conclusions and future directions
- References
- Chapter 22: Consideration of biological sex in stem cell therapies
- Abstract
- 22.1: Introduction
- 22.2: Embryonic stem cells
- 22.3: Induced pluripotent stem cells
- 22.4: Mesenchymal stem cells
- 22.5: Hematopoietic stem cells
- 22.6: Muscle derived stem cells
- 22.7: Endothelial progenitor cells
- 22.8: Neural stem cells
- 22.9: Current challenges and future prospects
- References
- Chapter 23: Sex and the human brain: Moving beyond the binary
- Abstract
- 23.1: Introduction
- 23.2: Sex and the brain
- 23.3: Concluding remarks
- References
- Chapter 24: Genomic and epigenomic signature at the branch-point among genome, phenome, and sexome in health and disease: A multiomics approach
- Abstract
- 24.1: Introduction
- 24.2: Routes toward an integrative approach in the omics era: Genome first, phenome first, and environment first
- 24.3: Epigenetic approaches: From the womb to adulthood
- 24.4: The impact of sex and gender on genomics and epigenomics
- 24.5: Current challenges and perspectives
- References
- Chapter 25: The importance of gender-specific medicine in the pharmaceutical industry, clinical practice, and global health care
- Abstract
- 25.1: Introduction
- 25.2: Biological sex differences and pharmacology
- 25.3: The pharmaceutical industry business model
- 25.4: The pharmaceutical industry and gender-specific medicine
- 25.5: General obstacles for the development of gender-specific drugs
- 25.6: But how to change this situation?47
- 25.7: Gender-specific low-hanging fruits
- 25.8: Conclusion: Gender medicine, pharmaceuticals and global health care
- References
- Chapter 26: The neurobiology of gender identity and gender dysphoria
- Abstract
- Acknowledgments
- 26.1: Definitions
- 26.2: Gender identity
- 26.3: Gender dysphoria due to gender incongruence
- 26.4: Treatment strategies
- 26.5: Conclusion
- References
- Further reading
- Chapter 27: Nutritional genomics and biological sex
- Abstract
- 27.1: Introduction
- 27.2: Precision nutrition and sex/gender differences
- 27.3: Difference between sex and gender
- 27.4: Sex and gender identification in studies on nutritional genomics/precision nutrition
- 27.5: Reported sex/gender gene–diet interactions
- 27.6: Improvement in diet measurement and other related variables using gender perspective in nutritional genomics
- 27.7: Polygenic risk scores and the sex/gender perspective
- 27.8: Recommendations on the design, analysis, and presentation of results in nutritional genomics/precision nutrition studies with a gender perspective
- 27.9: Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 28: The invaluable contribution of animal models in understanding sex-dependent differences in neuropsychiatric disorders
- Abstract
- 28.1: Why use an animal model to study a neuropsychiatric disorder?
- 28.2: Sex differences in animal models of mood disorders
- 28.3: Sex differences in animal models of eating disorders
- 28.4: Sex differences in animal models of schizophrenia, autism and ADHD
- 28.5: Sex differences in animal models of drug addiction
- 28.6: Summary and conclusions
- References
- Chapter 29: Sexual dimorphism in molecular biology of cancer
- Abstract
- 29.1: Introduction
- 29.2: Gender, sex, and the genome
- 29.3: Sexual dimorphism in cancer
- 29.4: Sexual dimorphism in the development of specific cancers
- 29.5: Sex and cancer treatment
- References
- Chapter 30: The importance of expeditionary fitness in optimizing the human commercial spaceflight experience
- Abstract
- 30.1: Introduction
- 30.2: What is expeditionary fitness?
- 30.3: Why expeditionary fitness matters: The case of viral reactivation in space
- 30.4: Expeditionary fitness and the physiological phenotype
- 30.5: Expeditionary fitness and the morphological phenotype
- 30.6: Expeditionary fitness and the behavioral phenotype: Expeditionary behavior
- 30.7: Training fitness: The importance of preparedness and exposure
- 30.8: The unique civilian spaceflight cohort
- 30.9: The emergence of entertainment in space
- 30.10: Human research program for civilian spaceflight
- 30.11: The role of precision medicine in expeditionary fitness
- 30.12: Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 31: Brain morphological changes associated with sexual orientation
- Abstract
- 31.1: Introduction
- 31.2: Methodology
- 31.3: Morphology and sexual orientation
- 31.4: White matter findings
- 31.5: Conclusions
- 31.6: Avenues for future research
- References
- Further reading
- Chapter 32: The operationalization of gender in medicine
- Abstract
- 32.1: Introduction
- 32.2: Gender identity
- 32.3: Identity/dysphoria
- 32.4: Gender expression
- 32.5: Gender norms and roles
- 32.6: Measures of masculinity OR femininity
- 32.7: Gender relations
- 32.8: Composite scores
- 32.9: Disease-specific examples
- 32.10: Considerations for applicability and future steps
- References
- Chapter 33: Precision medicine: Overview and challenges to clinical implementation
- Abstract
- 33.1: Introduction
- 33.2: Genome sciences
- 33.3: Clinical applications
- 33.4: Challenges to clinical implementation
- 33.5: Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 34: Assessment of fall risks in older females and males using an automated smartphone mobility suite
- Abstract
- 34.1: Introduction
- 34.2: Automated assessment of mobility
- 34.3: A smartwatch s30SCST implementation
- 34.4: Experimental studies
- 34.5: Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 35: Statin therapy and sex hormones
- Abstract
- Competing interests
- 35.1: Statin therapy for patients with coronary heart disease
- 35.2: Statin therapy for patients with ischemic stroke
- 35.3: Statin therapy for patients with peripheral artery disease
- 35.4: Effects of statins on endogenous steroid hormone synthesis (via three interconnected pathways)
- 35.5: A review of studies on the effects of statins on testosterone levels in men
- 35.6: The effect of statins on spermatogenesis
- 35.7: An overview of studies associating statins with erectile dysfunction
- 35.8: Role of statin treatment on estradiol and LH/FSH ratio in women
- 35.9: Potential benefits and risks of statins in polycystic ovary syndrome
- 35.10: Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 36: Exercise physiology in women and men
- Abstract
- 36.1: Introduction
- 36.2: Body composition
- 36.3: Cardiovascular differences and maximal oxygen uptake
- 36.4: Muscle fiber type composition
- 36.5: Anaerobic and aerobic exercise
- 36.6: Aerobic carbohydrate and lipid oxidation during exercise
- 36.7: ATP resynthesis in skeletal muscle
- 36.8: Estrogen and its impact on metabolism
- 36.9: Gender differences in metabolism during recovery from exercise
- 36.10: Concluding highlights
- References
- Chapter 37: Cerebral effects of gender-affirming hormone treatments in transgender persons
- Abstract
- Acknowledgments
- 37.1: Introduction
- 37.2: Effects of affirming hormone treatment on the brain of transgender individuals
- 37.3: Explanatory hypotheses to explain brain changes in transgender persons receiving hormone treatment
- 37.4: Concluding remarks
- References
- Chapter 38: Artificial intelligence in healthcare
- Abstract
- 38.1: Artificial intelligence, overview
- 38.2: Definitions
- 38.3: Benefits brought by artificial intelligence
- 38.4: Current challenges and limitations
- 38.5: Continuous learning and model retraining
- 38.6: From prediction to decision and action
- 38.7: Machine-learning overview
- 38.8: Data preparation
- 38.9: Model training: Learning and generalization
- 38.10: Neural networks
- 38.11: Neural networks shortcomings
- 38.12: Tree-based algorithms
- 38.13: Decision tree shortcomings
- 38.14: Application to healthcare
- 38.15: Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 39: Trauma and gender in primary care
- Abstract
- 39.1: Introduction
- 39.2: Acute psychological trauma in a medical setting
- 39.3: Gender differences in trauma exposure
- 39.4: Gender differences in the acute response to trauma
- 39.5: Gender differences in trauma-related symptoms and disorders
- 39.6: Gender differences in a clinical context
- 39.7: Gender differences in in treatment of trauma-related disorders
- 39.8: Discussion
- 39.9: Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 40: Fertility treatment and preservation in transgender men and women
- Abstract
- 40.1: Introduction
- 40.2: Definition of transgender people
- 40.3: Standards of care for the health of transsexual, transgender, and gender-nonconforming people
- 40.4: Epidemiology of gender identity disorder
- 40.5: Reproductive options for trans people
- 40.6: The ethical/legal status of medically assisted reproduction in transsexual people
- 40.7: ART treatment for transgender men and women
- 40.8: Reproductive wish in transgender men
- 40.9: Fertility and achievement of pregnancy in transgender men
- 40.10: Reproductive wish in transgender women
- 40.11: Fertility and achievement of pregnancy in transgender women
- 40.12: Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 41: Atrial fibrillation in women
- Abstract
- 41.1: Prevalence of atrial fibrillation
- 41.2: Electrophysiology of AF
- 41.3: Cellular electrophysiology and ionic basis for sex differences
- 41.4: Sex-based differences in presentation and treatment in women with AF
- 41.5: Drug therapy for AF
- 41.6: Antiarrhythmic therapy for AF
- 41.7: Catheter ablation for AF
- 41.8: Pregnancy in AF
- 41.9: Sex based differences in outcomes in women with AF
- References
- Chapter 42: Sex differences in COVID-19 susceptibility – Reductionistic and holistic perspectives
- Abstract
- 42.1: Introduction
- 42.2: Reductionism and holism
- 42.3: COVID-19 pandemic and the impact of sex on clinical outcomes
- 42.4: Reductionistic approaches
- 42.5: Holistic approaches
- 42.6: Conclusions – An integrated view
- References
- Chapter 43: Sex and gender differences in sleep disorders: An overview
- Abstract
- 43.1: Introduction
- 43.2: Insomnia
- 43.3: Sleep disordered breathing
- 43.4: Obesity hypoventilation syndrome
- 43.5: Restless legs syndrome or Willis-Ekbom disorder
- 43.6: Circadian rhythm sleep disorders
- 43.7: Parasomnias
- 43.8: Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 44: Estrogen: Impact on cardiomyocytes and the heart
- Abstract
- Disclosures
- 44.1: Introduction
- 44.2: Estrogen on the heart: Clinical considerations
- 44.3: Estrogen on cardiomyocytes: Scientific data
- 44.4: Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 45: Beyond sex and gender differences: The case for women's health research
- Abstract
- 45.1: Introduction
- 45.2: Why the mandates don’t necessarily further women's health
- 45.3: Misconceptions in sex differences research
- 45.4: By focusing on studying sex differences have we missed the point?
- 45.5: History of women's health research
- 45.6: Beyond sex/gender differences: What is women's health?
- 45.7: What does it cost us when we ignore women's health?
- 45.8: Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 46: Measurement and meaning of gender/sex from bench to bedside – And the mutuality of equity and precision in medicine
- Abstract
- Acknowledgments
- 46.1: Introduction
- 46.2: Social categories in biomedical science
- 46.3: Operationalizing gender/sex
- 46.4: Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 47: Person-centered cancer genetic counseling for transgender and gender diverse patients
- Abstract
- 47.1: Background
- 47.2: Family history questionnaires
- 47.3: Pedigrees
- 47.4: Language and terminology
- 47.5: Psychosocial and sociocultural factors
- 47.6: Impact of gender-affirming treatments
- 47.7: Training and education
- 47.8: Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 48: Musculoskeletal complaints in male and female instrumental musicians
- Abstract
- 48.1: A historical perspective
- 48.2: Musculoskeletal complaints in the general population
- 48.3: Gender differences
- 48.4: Other determinants of musculoskeletal complaints in musicians
- 48.5: Instrument
- 48.6: Prevention
- 48.7: Therapeutic management – A practical approach
- 48.8: Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 49: Sex, gender, and pain
- Abstract
- 49.1: Introduction
- 49.2: Conceptual issues
- 49.3: Sex differences in clinical pain
- 49.4: Sex differences in experimental pain responses
- 49.5: Mechanisms contributing to sex differences in pain
- 49.6: Sex differences in pain treatment
- 49.7: Conclusions and future directions
- References
- Chapter 50: Influence of gender on the pathophysiology and treatment of urological malignancies
- Abstract
- 50.1: Bladder cancer
- 50.2: Kidney cancer
- References
- Chapter 51: Beyond the mask: The role of camouflaging in managing an autistic identity for girls and women
- Abstract
- 51.1: Introduction
- 51.2: Terminology
- 51.3: Managing an autistic identity in early life through masking or camouflaging
- 51.4: New research findings relating to autism, sex/gender differences and camouflaging
- 51.5: Outcomes of camouflaging
- 51.6: Implications
- 51.7: Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 52: There is no stronger sex: Evolutionary Anthropology's conclusion based on the sex-typical susceptibility to stress factors during prenatal development
- Abstract
- 52.1: Introduction
- 52.2: Sex and gender
- 52.3: The biology of sex
- 52.4: The importance of sex in the prenatal phase
- 52.5: Sex-typical differences in the prenatal phase
- 52.6: Sex ratio
- 52.7: Sex differences in fetal growth
- 52.8: Sex differences in preterm birth rate
- 52.9: Sex differences in birth outcomes
- 52.10: Sex differences in newborn size
- 52.11: Sex differences in pre- and perinatal vulnerability
- 52.12: Discussion
- 52.13: Ultimate explanations
- 52.14: Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 53: Robots and gender
- Abstract
- Acknowledgments
- 53.1: Introduction
- 53.2: Robot gender
- 53.3: Human gender
- 53.4: Interaction effects
- 53.5: Future directions of gender issues in HRI
- 53.6: Summary
- References
- Chapter 54: Sex specificity in neonatal diseases
- Abstract
- 54.1: Introduction
- 54.2: Fetal sex and adverse pregnancy outcomes
- 54.3: Neonatal lung disease
- 54.4: Brain injury and neurodevelopmental outcomes
- 54.5: Growth, nutritional interventions, and neurodevelopment
- 54.6: Endocrine adaptation
- 54.7: Immune response and infection
- 54.8: Cardiovascular adaptation and heart disease
- 54.9: Gut microbiome and necrotizing enterocolitis
- 54.10: Blood donor sex and neonatal outcomes
- 54.11: Miscellaneous
- 54.12: Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 55: Human male and female phenotypes depend on lifestyle (smoking and hormonal contraceptives): Implications for prevention and care
- Abstract
- 55.1: Introduction
- 55.2: Evolution of oral contraceptives
- 55.3: Exposure to exogenous sexual hormones
- 55.4: Combined oral contraceptives induce physiological alterations in women
- 55.5: Interactions among combined oral contraceptives and drugs
- 55.6: Some sex and gender differences in tobacco smoking
- 55.7: Conclusions
- References
- Index
- No. of pages: 930
- Language: English
- Edition: 4
- Published: April 3, 2023
- Imprint: Academic Press
- Hardback ISBN: 9780323885348
- eBook ISBN: 9780323958271
ML
Marianne Legato J
Dr. Marianne Legato, Emerita Professor of Clinical Medicine at Columbia University, is an internationally known academic physician, author, lecturer, and specialist in gender-specific medicine. She is founding member of the International Society for Gender Medicine and the founder and director of The Partnership for Gender-Specific Medicine at Columbia University and its next iteration, The Foundation for Gender-Specific Medicine. She has published extensively on gender and sex specific medicine, both for the scientific community and for the lay public. She is also the founding editor of the Journal Gender Medicine, and the journal Gender and the Genome. In 1992, Dr. Legato won the American Heart Association’s Blakeslee Award for the best book written for the lay public on cardiovascular disease. The third edition of her textbook, Principles of Gender-Specific Medicine and her most recent book, The Plasticity of Sex., both won Prose awards from the American Association of Editors in 2021 and 2022 respectively. She is a practicing internist in New York City and has been listed each year in New York Magazine and Castle Connolly’s lists "Best Doctors" since their inception in 1993.
Affiliations and expertise
Emerita Professor, Clinical Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons and Adjunct Professor, Medicine at Johns Hopkins Medical School