Primate Locomotion

List of ContributorsPreface1 An Introduction to Biomechanical Principles in Primate Locomotion and Structure General Principles The Body Axis The Thorax and the Shoulder Suspension Mechanism The Pelvic Girdle and Limbs References2 Pads and Claws in Arboreal Locomotion Introduction The Cheiridia of Arboreal Mammals Posture and Locomotion on Horizontal Supports Adaptations to Discontinuous Substrates Nonhorizontal Supports and Frictional Forces Claw Grip and Support Diameter Locomotion on Vertical Supports Adaptive Significance of Grasping Extremities Reduction of Claws: Phylogeny and Functional Significance Prehensile Specializations of the Hand Summary References3 Tree Shrew Locomotion and the Origins of Primate Arborealism Introduction Tree Shrew Locomotion: Behavioral Observations Locomotor Patterns of Tupaia glis Hypotheses of Arboreal Ancestry The Origins of Primate Arborealism References4 A Cineradiographical Analysis of Leaping in an African Prosimian (Galago alleni) Introduction Cineradiographical Techniques General Observations Slow-Motion Analysis Single Frame Analysis Discussion References5 The Wrist Articulations of the Anthropoidea Introduction Cercopithecoidea and Ceboidea Hominoidea References6 Structure and Function of the Primate Scapula Introduction Structure of the Scapula Scapular Form-Function Relationships The Scapula of Australopithecus Conclusions References7 Postural Adaptations in New and Old World Monkeys Introduction Activity Patterns Postural Adaptations in Arboreal Monkeys Postural Adaptations in Terrestrial Monkeys Posture, Functional Morphology, and the Evolution of Positional Activities References8 Origins, Evolution, and Function of the Tarsus in Late Cretaceous Eutheria and Paleocene Primates Introduction Methods Substrate Relationships of Cretaceous and Early Tertiary Eutheria The Tarsus of Late Cretaceous Eutherians and Paleocene Primates Tarsal Function and Substrate Preference among the Ancestral Eutheria and Early Primates Summary References9 Origins and Function of the Pes in the Eocene Adapidae (Lemuriformes, Primates) Introduction The Pes in the Eocene Adapidae: Morphology and Axes of Rotation Summary References10 Electromyography of Forearm Musculature in Gorilla and Problems Related to Knuckle-Walking Introduction Electromyographical Studies of Pan gorilla Biomechanical Inferences Evolutionary Inferences References11 Locomotor Adaptations in Past and Present Prosimian Primates Introduction The Locomotion of Living Prosimians The Morphological Correlates of Locomotion in Living Prosimians The Presumed Locomotion of Extinct Prosimians Locomotor Developments in the Prosimians ReferencesSubject Index