Pretreatment of Biomass

Processes and Technologies

1st Edition - September 18, 2014
Editors: Ashok Pandey, Sangeeta Negi, Parameswaran Binod, Christian Larroche
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 4 - 6 3 8 1 7 - 5
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 0 0 0 8 0 - 9
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 0 0 3 9 6 - 1

Pretreatment of Biomass provides general information, basic data, and knowledge on one of the most promising renewable energy sources—biomass for their pretreatment—which is one of… Read more

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Pretreatment of Biomass provides general information, basic data, and knowledge on one of the most promising renewable energy sources—biomass for their pretreatment—which is one of the most essential and critical aspects of biomass-based processes development. The quest to make the environment greener, less polluted, and less hazardous has led to the concept of biorefineries for developing bio-based processes and products using biomass as a feedstock. Each kind of biomass requires some kind of pretreatment to make it suitable for bioprocess. This book provides state-of-art information on the methods currently available for this.

This book provides data-based scientific information on the most advanced and innovative pretreatment of lignocellulosic and algal biomass for further processing. Pretreatment of biomass is considered one of the most expensive steps in the overall processing in a biomass-to-biofuel program. With the strong advancement in developing lignocellulose biomass- and algal biomass-based biorefineries, global focus has been on developing pretreatment methods and technologies that are technically and economically feasible. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the latest developments in methods used for the pretreatment of biomass. An entire section is devoted to the methods and technologies of algal biomass due to the increasing global attention of its use.

List of Contributors
Section A. Lignocellulosic Biomass
- Chapter 1. Introduction
  - 1.1. Overview
  - 1.2. The Role of Pretreatment
  - 1.3. Methods of Pretreatment
  - 1.4. Summary
- Chapter 2. Analysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass Using Infrared Methodology
  - 2.1. Introduction
  - 2.2. Physical Principles of IRS and Its Application
  - 2.3. Composition and Structure of Lignocellulosic Biomass
  - 2.4. Biomass Analysis via Fourier Transform NIRS
  - 2.5. Biomass Analysis via Fourier Transform Mid-infrared Spectroscopy
  - 2.6. Conclusion
- Chapter 3. Acidic Pretreatment
  - 3.1. Introduction
  - 3.2. Acid-Catalyzed Reaction of Lignocellulose
  - 3.3. Inhibitors and Detoxification
  - 3.4. Process Configurations for Acidic Pretreatment
- Chapter 4. Alkaline Treatment
  - 4.1. Introduction
  - 4.2. Types of Alkali
  - 4.3. Conditions of Alkali Pretreatment
  - 4.4. Mechanism of Alkali Pretreatment
  - 4.5. Physicochemical Characterization of Alkali Pretreated Biomass
  - 4.6. Prospects and Consequences
  - 4.7. Commercialization Aspects
  - 4.8. Conclusion
- Chapter 5. Hydrothermal Treatment
  - 5.1. Introduction
  - 5.2. Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass
  - 5.3. Hydrothermal Treatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass
  - 5.4. The Properties of Hydrolysate and Pretreated Biomass Obtained from Hydrothermal Treatment
  - 5.5. Utilization of Hydrolysate and Pretreated Biomass Obtained from Hydrothermal Treatment
- Chapter 6. Steam Explosion
  - 6.1. Introduction
  - 6.2. Mechanism
  - 6.3. Key Parameters
  - 6.4. Operation Mode
  - 6.5. Chemical Addition
  - 6.6. Physicochemical Variation of Biomass
  - 6.7. Perspective
- Chapter 7. Ozonolysis
  - 7.1. Introduction
  - 7.2. Applications of Ozonolysis
  - 7.3. Ozonolysis Chemical Reactions and Structural Changes
  - 7.4. Effect of Process Parameters
  - 7.5. Challenges, Possibilities and Future Perspectives
- Chapter 8. Ionic Liquid Pretreatment
  - 8.1. Introduction
  - 8.2. Ionic Liquids
  - 8.3. Potency as Solvent for Lignocellulosic Biomass
  - 8.4. Recent Research and Practices in IL Pretreatment
  - 8.5. IL Pretreatment in Combination With Other Conventional Methods
  - 8.6. Synthesis
  - 8.7. Technoeconomic Factors Affecting Commercialization of IL Pretreatment
  - 8.8. Conclusions
- Chapter 9. Microwave Pretreatment
  - 9.1. Introduction
  - 9.2. MW Application
  - 9.3. MW Pretreatment Reactors
  - 9.4. Summary and Prospects
- Chapter 10. Torrefaction
  - 10.1. Introduction
  - 10.2. Torrefaction Classification
  - 10.3. Nonoxidative Torrefaction
  - 10.4. Property Variation of Biomass
  - 10.5. Oxidative Torrefaction
  - 10.6. Wet Torrefaction and Steam Explosion
  - 10.7. Applications
Section B. Algal Biomass
- Chapter 11. Algal Biomass: Physical Pretreatments
  - 11.1. Microalgal Biomass
  - 11.2. Applications
  - 11.3. Potential Biofuel Products
  - 11.4. Pretreatments of Microalgae
  - 11.5. Energy and Environmental Assessment
  - 11.6. Conclusion and Final Remarks
- Chapter 12. Chemical Pretreatment of Algal Biomass
  - 12.1. Introduction
  - 12.2. Choice of Pretreatment of Algal Biomass for the Production of Biofuels
  - 12.3. Pretreatments of Algal Biomass for the Production of Bioethanol, Biogas, and Biohydrogen
  - 12.4. Pretreatments for Lipid Extraction and Biodiesel Production
  - 12.5. Recent Approaches of Biofuel Production from Algal Biomass
  - 12.6. Future Prospects of Algal Pretreatment
Index

Ashok Pandey

Professor Ashok Pandey is currently Executive Director, Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability-India, Lucknow. He is HSBS National Innovation Chair (Biotechnology) and is/has been Visiting/Distinguished Professor in many countries. His major research and technological development interests are industrial & environmental biotechnology and energy biosciences, focusing on biomass to biofuels & chemicals, waste to wealth & energy, etc.

Affiliations and expertise

Executive Director Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability Lucknow, India

Sangeeta Negi

Dr Sangeeta Negi is Assistant Professor in the Department of Biotechnology at the Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, India. She has a first class Master’s degree in Biochemistry and a PhD in Biotechnology from the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur. She has also worked as an academic guest at the Biological Engineering Department; Polytech Clermont-Ferrand; Universite Baise Pascal, France; and at the Bioenergy and Energy Planning Research Group (BPE); Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne (EPFL) Switzerland. Dr Negi’s current research interests are in the area of biofuels, industrial enzymes, and bioremediation. She is an editorial board member of the Journal of Waste Conversion, Bioproducts and Biotechnology, and Journal of Environmental Science and Sustainability. She has been awarded as "Outstanding reviewer" by Elsevier and has won the Young Scientist Award by DST at the National Seminar on Biological and Alternative Energies Present and Future organized by Andhra University, Visakhapatnam in 2009. She has also won Best Poster Award at the International Congress on Bioprocesses in Food Industries (ICBF 2008) at Hyderabad. Dr Negi has contributed to nearly 50 publications, including review articles, original papers, and conference communications.

Affiliations and expertise

Motilal Nehru National Institute of Tech., Trivandrum, India

Parameswaran Binod

Dr Parameswaran Binod is currently working as a Principal Scientist in the Microbial Processes and Technology Division of CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum, India. He obtained PhD in Biotechnology from University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, India. He had then worked as Post Doctoral fellow at Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon, South Korea and later joined as a Scientist at CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India. His research interest includes biomass to fuels and chemicals, biopolymers and enzyme technology. He has more than 130 publications in SCI journals with h-index 45. His name is listed in the top 2% scientist for the year 2019 as per the study by Stanford University. He is a recipient of several awards and fellowships including Young Scientist Award from International Forum on Industrial Bioprocesses (IFIBiop), France, Kerala State Young Scientist Award from Kerala State Council for Science, Technology and Environment, Prof S B Chincholkar Memorial Award of the Biotech Research Society, India, Elsevier Impactful Research Award, Elsevier Renewable Energy Best Paper Award, Visiting Fellowship, EPFL, Switzerland, Marie Curie Fellow etc. He is a Fellow of International Society for Energy, Environment and Sustainability (ISEES). He is a National Honorary Advisory Board Member of Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability (CEES), India and Central Office Executive of The Biotech Research Society, India.

Affiliations and expertise

Principal Scientist, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum, India

Christian Larroche

Prof Christian Larroche is former Director of Polytech Clermont, a graduate school of engineering of University Clermont-Auvergne, France. He is also member of the research laboratory Institut Pascal and of the laboratory of excellence ImobS3 at the same university. He has strong research skills and expertise in the area of applied microbiology and biochemical engineering. He is author of about 300 documents, including ~150 articles, three patents, 16 book chapters and 35 co-editions of books or journal special issues. He is member of French Society for Process Engineering (SFGP), of the French Society of Biotechnology and of the European Federation of Chemical Engineering. He is also administrator of IBA-IFIBiop and editor of Journal of Food Sciences and Technology.

Affiliations and expertise

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Institute Pascal, University Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Ferrand, France

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Pretreatment of Biomass

Processes and Technologies

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Ashok Pandey

Sangeeta Negi

Parameswaran Binod

Christian Larroche