Practical Approach to the Neurological Patient

A Clinician's Guide

1st Edition - July 25, 2024
Editor: William J. Mullally
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 2 6 4 2 - 0
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 2 5 9 9 - 7

To the non-neurologist, neurology can be one of the most intimidating fields of medicine, yet it includes many common problems faced in everyday primary care practice. Written sp… Read more

Practical Approach to the Neurological Patient

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To the non-neurologist, neurology can be one of the most intimidating fields of medicine, yet it includes many common problems faced in everyday primary care practice. Written specifically for the general clinician, Practical Approach to the Neurological Patient: A Clinician's Guide provides clear, up-to-date, and easy-to-understand guidance on commonly encountered issues, helping you take an informed approach to patients with neurological concerns. Dr. William J. Mullally and a team of expert contributing authors address headache, dizziness, stroke, pain, head trauma, and much more, making this volume an indispensable resource for primary care practitioners, internists, family practitioners, medical specialists, medical residents, nurse practitioners, physician associates, and students.

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Title page
Table of Contents
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Copyright
Dedication
Contributors
Foreword
Preface
1. The Neurological Examination
Abstract
EXAMINATION
MENTAL STATUS IN THE AWAKE AND ALERT PATIENT
CONCLUSION
Bibliography
2. Introduction to Neuroimaging
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
APPROPRIATENESS OF IMAGING
IMAGING TECHNIQUES AND TERMINOLOGY
CONTRAST CONSIDERATIONS
IMAGING FINDINGS
Bibliography
3. Introduction to Neurogenetics
Abstract
Introduction
Basic Concepts
Rare Genetic Diseases
Common Genetic Diseases
Future Directions
Bibliography
4. Neuro-ophthalmology
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
ACUTE MONOCULAR VISUAL LOSS
PAPILLEDEMA
PROGRESSIVE VISUAL LOSS FROM OPTIC NEUROPATHIES
VISUAL FIELD DEFICITS
ANISOCORIA
LIMITED EYE MOVEMENTS
NYSTAGMUS
SUMMARY
Bibliography
5. Cerebrovascular Disease
Abstract
Introduction
Epidemiology
ISCHEMIC STROKE
HEMORRHAGIC STROKE
Conclusion
Bibliography
6. Traumatic Brain Injury
Abstract
Introduction
MODERATE AND SEVERE TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY
CONCUSSION
POSTCONCUSSION SYNDROME
CONCUSSION IN SPORTS
CHRONIC TRAUMATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY
CONCLUSION
Bibliography
7. Encephalopathy
Abstract
Introduction
HYPERACUTE CAUSES OF ENCEPHALOPATHY—ONSET WITHIN SECONDS TO MINUTES
ACUTE CAUSES OF ENCEPHALOPATHY—ONSET WITHIN HOURS TO DAYS
SUBACUTE CAUSES OF ENCEPHALOPATHY—ONSET WITHIN WEEKS TO MONTHS
CHRONIC CAUSES OF ENCEPHALOPATHY—ONSET WITHIN MONTHS TO YEARS
CONCLUSION
Bibliography
8. Brain and Spine Tumors
Abstract
Introduction
Central Nervous System Metastases
Meningiomas
Gliomas
Medical Complications in Brain Tumor Patients
Conclusion
Bibliography
9. Infections of the Nervous System
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
HIV NEUROLOGY
COVID-19
Bibliography
10. Autoimmune Neurologic Disorders
Abstract
Introduction
Pathogenesis
Epidemiology
Evaluation
Treatment
Conclusion
Bibliography
11. Headache
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
EPIDEMIOLOGY
CLASSIFICATION
PRIMARY VERSUS SECONDARY HEADACHE
EVALUATION
PRIMARY HEADACHE
SECONDARY HEADACHE
Conclusion
Bibliography
12. Facial Pain and Cranial Neuralgias
Abstract
Introduction
Giant Cell Arteritis
Bibliography
13. A Review of Women’s Neurology
Abstract
Introduction
Epilepsy
Menopause
Sleep
Migraine
Multiple Sclerosis
Sex-Specific Differences in Autoimmune Central Nervous System Disease
Other Autoimmune and Paraneoplastic Central Nervous System Disorders
Stroke in Females
Alzheimer Disease
Conclusions
Bibliography
14. Parkinson disease and Parkinsonism
Abstract
CLINICAL PRESENTATION
DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
PHARMACOLOGIC TREATMENT
FUNCTIONAL NEUROSURGICAL TREATMENT
Exercise in Parkinson Disease
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
Bibliography
15. Dementia
Abstract
Introduction
Approach to Evaluate for Cognitive Impairment and Dementia
Clinical Evaluation
Dementia Classification Continuum
Evaluation of Cognitive Complaints: Clinical Pearls
Neurodegenerative Dementias
Nonneurodegenerative Cognitive Impairment/Dementias
Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia
Discussion: Mixed Dementia and Cognitive Burdens
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of Cognitive Impairment/Dementia and Mild Behavioral Impairment
Conclusion
Bibliography
16. Introduction to Neuropsychological Assessment and Intervention
Abstract
Introduction to Neuropsychology
Neuropsychological Assessment
From the Primary Care Provider to the Neuropsychologist: A Stepped Model of Care
Neuropsychological Reports
Neuropsychological Intervention
Summary and Future Directions
Bibliography
17. Spinal Cord Disorders: Myelopathy
Abstract
Introduction
Anatomical Structure
Clinical Syndrome
Imaging
Specific Causes of Myelopathy
Conclusion
Bibliography
18. Myopathy
Abstract
Introduction
Patient Presentation
Common Patterns of Weakness
Red Flags
A Head-to-Toe Approach
Laboratory Testing
A Special Word on Statins and Other Toxic Myopathies
Genetic Testing
Electrodiagnostic Testing
Muscle Biopsy
Muscle Imaging
Basic Principles of Treatment
Conclusions
Bibliography
19. Approach to the Diagnosis and Management of Peripheral Neuropathy
Abstract
Introduction
Clinical Presentation
Examining Patients with Suspected Neuropathy
Identifying a Phenotype
Diagnosing Neuropathy
Finding a Cause
Management
Conclusion
Bibliography
20. Motor Neuron Disease
Abstract
Introduction
AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS
PRIMARY LATERAL SCLEROSIS
PROGRESSIVE MUSCULAR ATROPHY
SPINOBULBAR MUSCULAR ATROPHY
HEREDITARY SPASTIC PARAPARESIS
ACUTE FLACCID PARALYSIS ASSOCIATED WITH VIRAL INFECTION
Motor Neuron Disease Mimics
Conclusion
Bibliography
21. Demyelinating Disease
Abstract
Introduction
Epidemiology
Multiple Sclerosis Pathophysiology
Multiple Sclerosis and Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Making the Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis
The Differential Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis: Important Considerations Related to Clinical Presentation and Diagnostic Mimics
Management of Acute Exacerbations of Multiple Sclerosis
Multiple Sclerosis Maintenance Therapy
Special Populations in Multiple Sclerosis
Multiple Sclerosis Prognosis
Conclusion
Clinical Significance
Bibliography
22. Autonomic Disorders
Abstract
Anatomic and Physiologic Remarks
Neurotransmitters and Neuromodulators
Nomenclature Remarks
Autonomic Symptoms
Sensory Symptoms
Examination
Classification of Autonomic and Related Disorders
Orthostatic Intolerance Syndromes
Dysautonomia in neurodegenerative disorders
Paroxysmal Sympathetic Hyperactivity
Baroreflex Failure
Autonomic Dysreflexia
Small Fiber Neuropathy
Dysautonomia in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Dysautonomia in Guillain-Barré Syndrome
Dysautonomia in Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
Dysautonomia in Mast Cell Disorders
Dysautonomia in Traumatic Brain Injury
Dysautonomia in Pregnancy
Dysautonomia in Tick-Borne Illness
Dysautonomia in Amyloidosis
Dysautonomia in Porphyria
Dysautonomia in Multiple Sclerosis
Dysautonomia in Long COVID
Specific Autonomic Syndromes
Bibliography
23. Gait Disorders
Abstract
Introduction
Physiology and the Gait Cycle
Examination of Gait
Clinical Features and Etiology of Gait Disorders
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Bibliography
24. Epilepsy
Epilepsy: A Clinical Overview
Introduction
Classification of Seizures and Epilepsy
Etiology
Diagnosis
Treatment of Epilepsy
Women With Epilepsy
Elderly
Status Epilepticus
Surgical Management of Epilepsy
Dietary Treatment of Epilepsy
Safety Issues
Depression
Withdrawing Medications
Conclusion
Bibliography
25. Dizziness
Abstract
Introduction
Approach to History Taking
Approach to the Examination
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
Ménière Disease
Vestibular Migraine
Acute Unilateral Peripheral Vestibulopathy Including Vestibular Neuritis
Focal Cerebral Ischemia
Global Cerebral Hypoperfusion
Anxiety Disorders
Cervicogenic Dizziness
Middle Ear Disease
Third Mobile Window Disorders
Bilateral Vestibular Hypofunction
Vestibular Paroxysmia
Other Focal Brain Diseases
Head Trauma
Mal de Debarquement Syndrome
Bibliography
26. Sleep Disorders
Abstract
Introduction
Major Sleep Disorders
Summary and Conclusions
Bibliography
27. Pain Neurology
Abstract
Introduction
Low Back Pain
Neck Pain
Common Neuralgias in the Primary Care Setting and Peripheral Nerve Compression
Myofascial Pain
Painful Diabetic Neuropathy
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Phantom Limb Pain
Chronic Pain
Conclusion
Bibliography
Index
Confidence is ClinicalKey

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