Section I: Post-Genomic Cardiology
Chapter 1. Introduction to the Molecular Biology of the Cell
- Nucleic Acids, Genes, Chromatin, and Chromosomes
- DNA Transacting Processes: Replication, Transcription, and Repair
- Genetic Variability Associated with Human Diseases
- Cell Cycle
- References
Chapter 2. Methodologies in the Era of Cardiovascular “Omics”
- Introduction
- Genomics Approaches: NGS and GWAS
- Transcriptomics
- Proteomics and Interactomics
- Metabolomics
- Cardiac Imaging
- Translational Bioinformatics
- Conclusions
- Summary
- References
Chapter 3. Post-Genomics Cardiovascular Signaling Pathways
- Introduction
- Cardiac Signaling in Physiological Growth
- Ca2+-Mediated Signaling
- Signaling at the Plasma Membrane
- Signaling at the Mitochondria
- Cell-Cycle signaling, cell proliferation, and apoptosis
- Stress, Survival, and Metabolic Signaling
- Signaling in Cardiac Development and Aging
- Conclusion
- Summary
- References
Section II: Pediatric Cardiology in the Post-Genomic Era
Chapter 4. Molecular Determinants of Cardiac Development
- Introduction
- Overview of Cardiac Morphogenesis
- MicroRNAs in Cardiovascular Development
- Conclusions
- Summary
- References
Chapter 5. Molecular Determinants of Congenital Heart Disease
- Introduction
- Etiology of CHD: Interplay of Genetic and Environmental Factors
- Molecular Mechanisms of CHD
- Syndromic CHDs Caused by Point Mutations
- Nonsyndromic CHDs Caused by Point Mutations
- Non-Syndromic CHD Caused by Impaired Signaling Pathways
- Nonsyndromic CHD Caused by Point Mutations in Transcription Factors
- Nonsyndromic CHDs Caused by Point Mutations in Structural Proteins
- Noncoding RNAs and CHD
- Conclusions
- Summary
- References
Section III: Post-Genomic Assessment of Coronary Artery Disease, Angiogenesis, and Hypertension
Chapter 6. Molecular Determinants of Atherosclerosis
- Overview of Atherogenesis
- Lipoproteins
- Endothelial Dysfunction
- Rho Kinases and Statins in Atherosclerosis
- Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) in Atherogenesis
- Monocytes and Macrophages
- Antiinflammatory Factors
- Conclusion
- Summary
- References
Chapter 7. Molecular Genetics of Coronary Artery Disease and Myocardial Infarction
- Introduction
- Animal Studies
- Linkage and Genome-Wide Association Studies in Myocardial Ischemia
- Candidate Gene Identification Approach
- Genes and Inflammatory Signaling Pathways Involved in CAD/MI
- Other Signaling Pathways in CAD/MI
- Additional Gene LOCI Associated with MI
- Sex Hormone and MI
- Gene Profiling in Myocardial Ischemia/Infarct
- Genetics and Ethnic Differences in Coronary Artery Disease
- Beyond GWAS
- MicroRNAs Markers in CAD/MI
- Conclusions
- Summary
- References
Chapter 8. Cellular and Molecular Aspects of Cardioprotection
- Introduction
- Cellular and Molecular Events in IPC
- IPC and Potassium Channels
- Signaling Pathways
- Cell Death
- Early and Late IPC Pathways
- IPC and Cell Death
- Mitochondrial Activity and ATP Levels in IPC
- Mitochondria and Antioxidants
- Gene Expression in Early IPC (Signaling Book)
- Postconditioning and Cardioprotection
- Remote Conditioning
- Application in Humans
- microRNAs in Cardioprotection
- Conclusions and Future Perspective
- Summary
- References
Chapter 9. Molecular Determinants of Cardiac Neovascularization
- Introduction
- Vasculogenesis
- Angiogenesis
- Arteriogenesis
- Molecular Mechanisms of Neovascularization
- Therapy
- Conclusions and Future Perspectives
- Summary
- References
Chapter 10. Post-Genomics Appraisal of Systemic and Pulmonary Hypertension
- Introduction
- Animal Models of Hypertension
- Gene Expression and Profiling in Primary Systemic Hypertension
- Genetics of PPH
- Conclusions and Future Directions
- Summary
- References
Section IV: Post-Genomic Analysis of the Myocardium
Chapter 11. Post-Genomic Appraisal of Myocarditis
- Introduction
- Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Myocarditis
- Signaling Pathways of Innate and Acquired Immunity
- Treatment
- Conclusions
- Summary
- References
Chapter 12. Cardiomyopathies: A Comparative Analysis of Phenotypes and Genotypes
- Introduction
- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
- Genetics of HCM
- Animal Models of Genetic HCM
- Dilated Cardiomyopathy
- Transgenic Models of Dilated Cardiomyopathy
- Mechanistic Hypotheses of DCM
- Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
- Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia
- Unclassified Cardiomyopathies
- Cardiomyopathy and Diabetes Mellitus
- Genetics in Diabetes
- Conclusion
- Summary
- References
Section V: Heart Failure, Cell Death, and Mitochondria Dynamics
Chapter 13. Gene Profiling, Energy Metabolism, and Remodeling of the Failing Heart
- Introduction
- The Profiling of Gene Expression in Heart Failure
- Global and Specific Analysis of Gene Expression
- Epigenetics and HF
- Histone/Chromatin Modifications; Epigenetic Control of Gene Expression
- DNA modification/methylation
- Transcriptional Coactivator p300 and Cardiac Hypertrophy
- Energy Metabolism Profiling
- Intracellular Calcium-Cycling Profiling
- The Genetics of Human HF
- Bioenergetics and Metabolic Changes in the Failing Heart
- Mitochondrial DNA Integrity and HF in Transgenic Mice
- Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 (PGC1)
- Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor (PPAR)
- Mitochondrial Gene Profiling
- Implication of Metabolic Genes in HF
- From Cardiac Remodeling to Overt HF
- Conclusion
- Summary
- References
Chapter 14. Oxidative Stress and Cell Death in Cardiovascular Disease: A Post-Genomic Appraisal
- Introduction
- Oxidative Stress
- Cell Death
- Conclusions
- Summary
- References
Chapter 15. The Emerging Role of Mitochondrial Dynamics in Cardiovascular Disease
- Introduction
- Mechanisms of Mitochondrial Fusion and Fission
- Physiological Roles of Mitochondrial Dynamics
- Mitochondrial Dynamics in the Normal and Diseased Heart
- Conclusions
- Summary
- References
Section VI: Molecular and Genetic Analysis of Metabolic Disorders
Chapter 16. Post-Genomic Analysis of Fatty Acid and Glucose Metabolism in Cardiovascular Disease
- Introduction
- Metabolism of Fatty Acids and Glucose in Normal Cardiomyocytes
- Regulatory Elements of Cardiac Bioenergy Molecules Metabolism
- Metabolic Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Disease Phenotypes
- Metabolic Therapies: Current Status and Perspectives
- Summary
- References
Section VII: Molecular Genetics of Dysrhythmias
Chapter 17. Post-Genomic Analysis of Dysrhythmias and Sudden Death
- Introduction
- Etiology of Cardiac Dysrhythmias
- Ventricular Action Potential and Ion Currents
- Cardiac Ion Channels
- Properties of Ion Channels
- Inherited Cardiac Dysrhythmias
- Acquired Dysrhythmias
- Mitochondria and Heart Rhythm Disorders
- Animals Models for Cardiac Dysrhythmias
- Post-Genomic Approaches to Rhythm Disorders
- Conclusions and Future Prospects
- Summary
- References
Section VIII: Genes, Gender, and Epigenetics
Chapter 18. Gender and Cardiovascular Disease in the Post-Genomic Era
- Introduction
- Sex Steroid Hormones
- Role of Gonadal Hormones in Cardiac Pathology
- Animal and In Vitro Studies
- Studies in Humans
- Gender-Related Gene Regulation and Cardiovascular Disease
- Epigenetic and Environmental Factors of Sex-Related Specifics of Cardiovascular Disease
- Conclusion
- Summary
- References
Section IX: Aging and the Cardiovascular System
Chapter 19. The Aging Heart: A Post-Genomic Appraisal
- Introduction
- Telomere Analysis
- Telomeres and CV Aging
- Signaling Pathways in the Aging Heart
- Signaling in the Endothelium in Aging
- Cellular Damage/Cell Loss, Mitochondria, and CV Aging
- Reactive Oxidative Species Generation and Aging in the Heart
- Inflammation and CV Aging
- Neurohormonal Signaling in CV Aging
- Prodeath and Prosurvival Signaling Pathways in Aging
- Signaling Factors in Cell Regeneration of the Aging Heart
- Genetic Makeup of the Aging Heart
- Epigenetic and Environmental Factors in Cardiac Aging
- Gene Transfer in Cardiovascular Tissue
- Knockout Transgenic Animal Models of Aging
- Gene Profiling: Transcriptome and Proteomic Analysis
- Proteomic Analysis
- DNA Damage and Mutations in Aging
- Conclusion
- Summary
- References
Chapter 20. Targeted Strategies to Fight Cardiac Aging
- Introduction
- Attenuating Cell Death and Remodeling
- Initiating Prosurvival Pathways
- Removing “Biological Garbage” in Aging: Targeting Lysosomes, Proteasomes and Other Approaches to Enhance Catabolic Gain
- Genomic Instability
- Conclusion
- Summary
- References
Chapter 21. Aging and the Cardiovascular System: The Road Ahead
- Introduction
- Genetic Analysis in Aging Research
- Advances in Human Genotyping and Human Gene Analysis
- Search for Biomarkers of Human Aging
- Reversing Aging and/or Dysfunction of Age-Associated Diseases
- Targeting Specific Organelles in Aging: Mitochondria/Lysosome
- Diastolic Dysfunction in Aging
- Pharmacogenomics and Nutrigenomics
- Conclusions and Future Perspective
- Summary
- References
Section X: Genetics, Epigenetics, and New Approaches to Treatment
Chapter 22. Epigenetics and Cardiovascular Disease
- Introduction
- Basic Epigenetic Mechanisms
- Cardiovascular Epigenetics
- Conclusions
- Summary
- References
Chapter 23. Gene- and Cell-Based Therapy for Cardiovascular Disease
- Introduction
- Gene Therapy
- Potential Molecular Targets
- MicroRNA Therapeutics for CVD
- Cell-Based Therapy
- Cell Sources
- Cardiac Progenitor Cells
- Epicardial Progenitor Cells
- Strategies for Cell Purification, Delivery, and Engrafting
- Mechanisms of Heart Regeneration
- Empowering Human Heart Regeneration
- Conclusions
- Summary
- References
Section XI: Looking to the Future
Chapter 24. The Path to Personalized Cardiovascular Medicine
- Introduction
- Genomic and Epigenomic Analysis
- Transcriptomics
- Proteomics and Metabolomics
- Cardiovascular Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics
- Integrating “Omics”: Systems Biology and Network Medicine
- Conclusions
- Summary
- References