Plant Stress Mitigators

Plant Stress Mitigators: Types, Techniques and Functions presents a detailed contextual discussion of various stressors on plant health and yield, with accompanying insights into options for limiting impacts using chemical elicitors, bio-stimulants, breeding techniques and agronomical techniques such as seed priming, cold plasma treatment, and nanotechnology, amongst others. The book explores the various action mechanisms for enhancing plant growth and stress tolerance capacity, including nutrient solubilizing and mobilizing, biocontrol activity against plant pathogens, phytohormone production, soil conditioners, and many more unrevealed mechanisms.

This book combines research, methods, opinion, perspectives and reviews, dissecting the stress alleviation action of different plant stress mitigators on crops grown under optimal and sub-optimal growing conditions (abiotic and biotic stresses).

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Dedication
List of contributors
Chapter 1. Approaches in stress mitigation of plants
Abstract
Chapter outline
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Abiotic stress mitigation
1.3 Biotic stress mitigation
1.4 Conclusions and future perspectives
References
Chapter 2. Biocontrol: a novel eco-friendly mitigation strategy to manage plant diseases
Abstract
Chapter outline
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Mechanisms of biological control and biological antagonists
2.3 The rhizosphere is a habitat for microorganisms
2.4 Improvement of growth and biocontrol of soilborne diseases using PGPRs
2.5 Advantages and limitations
2.6 Summary of mechanisms employed by PGPR as growth promoters and biocontrol agents
2.7 Direct mechanisms
2.8 Indirect mechanisms
2.9 Improvement of growth and biocontrol of soilborne diseases using antagonist fungi
2.10 Summary of mechanics employed by antagonist fungi as growth promoters and biocontrol agents
2.11 Improvement of growth and biocontrol of soilborne diseases by means of VAM fungi
2.12 Summary of mechanics employed by VAM fungi as growth promoters and biocontrol agents
2.13 “Combination” the best way to biocontrol of the plant diseases
2.14 Conclusions and future strategies to make better use of biocontrol agents
References
Chapter 3. Salicylic acid induced abiotic stress tolerance in plants
Abstract
Chapter outline
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Salicylic acid and abiotic stresses
3.3 Salicylic acid and drought
3.4 Salicylic acid and waterlogging
3.5 Salicylic acid and heavy metals
3.6 Salicylic acid and low temperature
3.7 Salicylic acid and high temperature
3.8 Salicylic acid and salinity
3.9 Conclusions
References
Chapter 4. Salicylic acid mediated postharvest chilling and disease stress tolerance in horticultural crops
Abstract
Chapter outline
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Postharvest chilling injury (CI) stress in fresh horticultural crops
4.3 Factors affecting CI development in horticultural crops
4.4 Effects of CI on quality of horticultural crops
4.5 Postharvest strategies for CI mitigation
4.6 Effect of salicylic acid on CI mitigation in horticultural crops
4.7 Mechanism of salicylic acid in CI mitigation
4.8 Salicylic acid and postharvest disease stress tolerance of horticultural crops
4.9 Postharvest diseases control with sole salicylic acid treatments
4.10 Conclusion and future prospects
References
Chapter 5. Germination and seedling establishment of useful tropical trees for ecological restoration: implications for conservation: The ecology of tropical tree seedling
Abstract
Chapter outline
5.1 Introduction
5.2 External factors
5.3 Internal factors
5.4 Implications for conservation of tropical trees
References
Chapter 6. Soil health and plant stress mitigation
Abstract
Chapter outline
6.1 The concept of soil health
6.2 The impact of agriculture on soil health
6.3 Soil health and biodiversity
6.4 Soil health, biodiversity, and plant stress
6.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 7. Salicylic acid and ascorbic acid as mitigators of chilling stress in plants
Abstract
Chapter outline
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Physiological and biochemical effects of chilling stress
7.3 Physiological and biochemical effects of adaptive (protective) compounds
7.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 8. Role of glycine betaine in the protection of plants against environmental stresses
Abstract
Chapter outline
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Efficacy of glycine betaine application against temperature and high irradiance stress
8.3 Efficacy of glycine betaine application against drought stress
8.4 Efficacy of glycine betaine application against salinity stress
8.5 Efficacy of glycine betaine application against heavy metals toxicity stress
8.6 Efficacy of glycine betaine application against waterlogging and flooding
References
Chapter 9. Effects of plant growth regulators on physiological and phytochemical parameters in medicinal plants under stress conditions
Abstract
Chapter outline
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Plant growth regulators effects on plant performance
9.3 Effect of plant growth regulator on medicinal plants
9.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 10. Proline and soluble carbohydrates biosynthesis and their roles in plants under abiotic stresses
Abstract
Chapter outline
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Carbohydrates
10.3 Proline
10.4 Effect of sugars on an accumulation of proline
10.5 Proline and abiotic stress
10.6 Conclusions
References
Chapter 11. Switching role of hydrogen sulfide in amelioration of metal stress in plant
Abstract
Chapter outline
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Hydrogen sulfide key regulatory molecule during stress events in plants
11.3 Hydrogen sulfide synthesis
11.4 Hydrogen sulfide with effect of priming in plant cells
11.5 Hydrogen sulfide in curing variety of metal stress and toxicity in different plant species with different parts
11.6 Arsenic
11.7 Aluminum
11.8 Boron
11.9 Cadmium
11.10 Chromium
11.11 Cobalt
11.12 Copper
11.13 Lead
11.14 Nickel
11.15 Zinc
11.16 Conclusions
References
Further reading
Chapter 12. PGPR reduces the adverse effects of abiotic stresses by modulating morphological and biochemical properties in plants
Abstract
Chapter outline
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Abiotic stress
12.3 Rhizobacterial effects on morphological traits
12.4 Rhizobacterial effects on indole-3-acetic acid
12.5 Rhizobacterial effects on ethylene
12.6 Rhizobacterial effects on antioxidants
12.7 Rhizobacterial effects on osmoprotectants and photosynthetic pigments
12.8 Changes in different ions concentrations
12.9 Conclusions
References
Chapter 13. Role of polyamines in plants under abiotic stresses: regulation of biochemical interactions
Abstract
Chapter outline
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Distribution of polyamines
13.3 Biosynthesis of polyamines
13.4 Inhibitors of polyamines
13.5 Degradation of polyamines
13.6 Methods of application of polyamines
13.7 Application of polyamines in plant growth and development
13.8 Polyamines and embryo development
13.9 Polyamines and plant senescence
13.10 Polyamines and abiotic stress responses
13.11 Polyamines and temperature stress
13.12 Polyamines and heat stress
13.13 Polyamines and cold stress
13.14 Polyamines and water stress
13.15 Polyamines and salinity stress
13.16 Heavy metal stress
13.17 Polyamines and oxidative stress
13.18 Conclusions
References
Chapter 14. Prime-omics approaches to mitigate stress response in plants
Abstract
Chapter outline
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Prime-omics for biotic stresses
14.3 Prime-omics against abiotic stresses
14.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 15. Perspectives of using plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria under salinity stress for sustainable crop production
Abstract
Chapter outline
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Halophytes
15.3 Halotolerant bacteria
15.4 Halotolerant bacteria and growth of plants under salinity stress
15.5 Conclusions and future perspectives
References
Chapter 16. Biosaline agriculture and efficient management strategies for sustainable agriculture on salt affected Vertisols
Abstract
Chapter outline
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Crop based biosaline agriculture
16.3 Molecular biology of salinity tolerance
16.4 Halobiome and salt stress
16.5 Land and water management
16.6 Conclusions
References
Chapter 17. Chemical elicitors- a mitigation strategy for maximize crop yields under abiotic stress
Abstract
Chapter outline
17.1 Elicitors in improving crop productivity
17.2 Elicitors and their mechanisms in plants
17.3 Molecular intricacies of chemical elicitors
17.4 Molecular intricacies in abiotic stress
17.5 Way forward
References
Chapter 18. Role of sulfhydryl bioregulator thiourea in mitigating drought stress in crops
Abstract
Chapter outline
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Thiourea imparts plant tolerance to dehydration stress
18.3 Thiourea application maintains thiol redox homeostasis in plants under drought stress
18.4 Thiourea improves H2S signaling and mitigates drought stress in crops
18.5 Conclusions and outlook
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 19. Rhizobacterial-mediated tolerance to plants upon abiotic stresses
Abstract
Chapter outline
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Phytohormonal level regulation
19.3 Production of volatile compounds
19.4 Osmolytes accumulation
19.5 Induction of antioxidant system
19.6 Molecular regulations
19.7 Exopolysaccharides accumulation
19.8 Variation in root morphology
19.9 Conclusion and future prospects
References
Chapter 20. Changes in plant secondary metabolite profiles in response to environmental stresses
Abstract
Chapter outline
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Environmental factors and secondary metabolite biosynthesis
20.3 Effects of biotic factors on secondary metabolites
References
Chapter 21. Soil microbial inocula: an eco-friendly and sustainable solution for mitigating salinity stress in plants
Abstract
Chapter outline
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Saline soils
21.3 Plants’ responses to salinity stress
21.4 Management of saline soils
21.5 Salt tolerant plant growth-promoting bacteria
21.6 Salt tolerance-plant growth-promoting fungi
21.7 Conclusions and future considerations
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 22. How does silicon help alleviate biotic and abiotic stresses in plants? Mechanisms and future prospects
Abstract
Chapter outline
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Silicon, the “quasi-essential, beneficial” mineral nutrient
22.3 Biotic/abiotic stresses
22.4 Biotic stresses
22.5 Salinity stress
22.6 Drought stress
22.7 Heavy metal toxicity stress
22.8 Nutritional imbalances
22.9 Silicon in the alleviation of other abiotic stresses
22.10 Conclusions and future prospects
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 23. Editing genomes to modify plant response to abiotic stress
Abstract
Chapter outline
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Genome editing tools
23.3 ZFN and TALENs in abiotic stress tolerance
23.4 CRISPR/Cas9
23.5 CRISPR application in abiotic stress tolerance
23.6 Genome editing to modify plants for salinity stress tolerance
23.7 Editing genome to modify plants response to drought tolerance
23.8 Genome editing to modify heat stress tolerance in plants
23.9 Genome editing for improving cold tolerance
23.10 Conclusions
References
Chapter 24. Organic compounds as antistress stimulants in plants: responses and mechanisms
Abstract
Chapter outline
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Biostimulators
24.3 Humate substances
24.4 Protein hydrolysates
24.5 Seaweed extracts as plant biostimulants
24.6 Role of phytohormones to alleviated abiotic stress
24.7 Role of biofertilizers to alleviated abiotic stress
24.8 Conclusions
References
Chapter 25. The influence of climate change on interactions between environmental stresses and plants
Abstract
Chapter outline
25.1 Introduction
25.2 Recent and future climate change and their implications for plant growth
25.3 Climate changes phenomena
25.4 Abiotic stresses their effects on plant metabolism
25.5 Plant response to drought stress
25.6 Salinity stress
25.7 Plant response to salinity stress
25.8 Rising CO2 levels
25.9 CO2 assimilation
25.10 Ecological mismatches, for better or worse
25.11 Resetting plant defense to herbivores
25.12 Plant responses under environmental stresses
25.13 Climate change and its effects on plant metabolism
25.14 Conclusions
References
Chapter 26. Biological control of Fusarium wilt in legumes
Abstract
Chapter outline
26.1 Introduction
26.2 Fusarium wilt
26.3 Biological control of plant diseases
26.4 Biological control of Fusarium wilt
26.5 Future prospects
References
Chapter 27. Oxidative stress in plants and the biochemical response mechanisms
Abstract
Chapter outline
27.1 Introduction
27.2 Response to stress—enzymatic and nonenzymatic
27.3 Conclusions and further perspectives
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 28. Nanoparticles treatment ameliorate the side effects of stresses in plants
Abstract
Chapter outline
28.1 Introduction
28.2 Characteristics of nanoparticles
28.3 Nanoparticles uptake and movement in plants
28.4 Mechanisms of nanoparticles interfering with plants
28.5 Plant response to nanoparticle stress
28.6 Ameliorating effects of various nanoparticles on plant under stress
References
Chapter 29. Soil moisture–mediated changes in microorganism biomass and bioavailability of nutrients in paddy soil
Abstract
Chapter outline
29.1 Introduction
29.2 Soil moisture changes
29.3 Oxidation-reduction potential
29.4 Soil microbial biomass
29.5 Organic matter
29.6 Microbial activity
29.7 Enzyme activity
29.8 Bioavailability of nutrients in paddy soils
29.9 Nitrogen (N)
29.10 Microbial mineralization of nitrogen
29.11 Phosphorus (P)
29.12 Sulfur
29.13 Iron (Fe)
29.14 Zinc (Zn)
29.15 Manganese (Mn)
29.16 Copper (Cu)
29.17 Boron (B)
29.18 Molybdenum (Mo)
29.19 Silicon (Si)
29.20 Conclusions
References
Chapter 30. Trichomes plasticity of plants in response to environmental stresses
Abstract
Chapter outline
30.1 Introduction
30.2 Trichomes morphology and ultrastructure
30.3 Biological functions of trichomes
30.4 Effects of environmental factors on trichome development
References
Chapter 31. An overview of bacterial bio-fertilizers function on soil fertility under abiotic stresses
Abstract
Chapter outline
31.1 Introduction
31.2 Types of growth-promoting bacteria
31.3 Nitrogen stabilization processes in bacteria
31.4 Bacteria affecting the phosphorus cycle
31.5 Effective bacteria in the potassium cycle
31.6 Silicate bacteria
31.7 Sulfur bacteria
31.8 The relationship between rhizospheric bacteria that stimulate growth and host plants
31.9 Practical uses of rhizospheric bacteria that stimulate growth in agriculture
31.10 Bio-fertilizers for the alleviation of some abiotic stresses
31.11 Conclusions
References
Index

Life Sciences

Physical Sciences & Engineering

Social Sciences & Humanities

Health

Plant Stress Mitigators

Types, Techniques and Functions

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Mansour Ghorbanpour

Muhammad Adnan Shahid

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