Plant Breeding and Cultivar Development

1st Edition - January 21, 2021
Imprint: Academic Press
Authors: D. P. Singh, A. K. Singh, A. Singh
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 1 7 5 6 3 - 7
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 1 7 5 6 4 - 4

Plant Breeding and Cultivar Development features an optimal balance between classical and modern tools and techniques related to plant breeding. Written for a global audience… Read more

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Plant Breeding and Cultivar Development features an optimal balance between classical and modern tools and techniques related to plant breeding. Written for a global audience and based on the extensive international experience of the authors, the book features pertinent examples from major and minor world crops. Advanced data analytics (machine learning), phenomics and artificial intelligence are explored in the book's 28 chapters that cover classical and modern plant breeding. By presenting these advancements in specific detail, private and public sector breeding programs will learn about new, effective and efficient implementation.

The insights are clear enough that non-plant breeding majoring students will find it useful to learn about the subject, while advanced level students and researchers and practitioners will find practical examples that help them implement their work.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Preface
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1. Plant breeding: past, present, and future perspectives
Abstract
Primitive agriculture and crop domestication
Pre-Mendelian plant breeding
Mendelian plant breeding
Plant breeding in the 20th and 21st centuries
Green revolution
Genetically modified crops
Molecular markers in plant breeding
Advances in image based and high-throughput phenotyping
Contributions of plant breeding to the world agriculture
Complementary role of public and private sector plant breeding
Future plant breeding
Chapter 2. Mode of reproduction in crop plants
Abstract
Sexual reproduction
Asexual reproduction
Determination of mode of reproduction
Male sterility and self-incompatibility
Chapter 3. Genetics in relation to plant breeding
Abstract
Cell structure (typical plant cell structure)
Cell division
Chromosome
Gene
Genome
Mendelian inheritance
Gene interactions
Chi-square goodness of fit test
Linkage and crossing over
Detection of linkage
Linkage map
Incomplete dominance and codominance
Multiple alleles
Pleiotropy
Penetrance and expressivity
Modifying genes
Threshold characters
Quantitative inheritance
Cytoplasmic inheritance
Linking plant breeding with molecular biology
Chapter 4. Primer on population and quantitative genetics
Abstract
Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium
Types of populations in a breeding program, and mating designs
Combining ability
Qualitative and quantitative traits
Types of gene action
Phenotype, genotype, and environment
Genotype × environment interactions and stability analyses
Heritability
Modes of selection
Systems of mating
Types of response to selection
Selection theory
Estimated breeding value
Multiple trait selection
Generation to select and population sizes
Chapter 5. Plant genetic resources
Abstract
Interspecific hybridization
Polyploidy
Genetic diversity
Gene pools
National Germplasm Banks
Acclimatization
Genetic erosion
Genetic vulnerability
Prebreeding
Germplasm exploration and collection
Germplasm conservation
Material Transfer Agreement
The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture
Chapter 6. Wide hybridization
Abstract
Barriers to wide hybridization
Triticum spp. (wheat)
Oryza spp. (rice)
Gossypium spp. (cotton)
Saccharum spp. (sugarcane)
Lycopersicon spp. (tomato)
Cajanus spp. (pigeon pea)
Cicer spp. (chickpea)
Vigna spp. (mung bean and urd bean)
Advantages of wide hybridization
Limitations of wide hybridization
Chapter 7. Haploidy and polyploidy in crop improvement
Abstract
Haploids
Techniques for chromosome doubling
Advantages and uses of haploids
Disadvantages of haploids
Polyploidy
Chapter 8. Hybridization and selection in self-pollinated crops
Abstract
Early history of hybridization
Steps in the development of pure line cultivars
Setting plant breeding objectives
Selection of parents
Procedures of hybridization
Genetic basis of combination breeding
Handling of segregating generations
Chapter 9. Mass and pure line selection
Abstract
The pure line theory
Mass selection
Chapter 10. Bulk method
Abstract
General procedure of bulk method
Modifications of bulk method
Salient features
Genetic basis of bulk method
Application of bulk method
Merits of bulk method
Limitations of bulk method
Chapter 11. Pedigree method
Abstract
General procedures for pedigree selection
Modified pedigree methods
Genetic basis of pedigree method
Application of pedigree method
Merits of pedigree method
Limitations of pedigree method
Writing pedigree and selection history
Chapter 12. Single seed descent method
Abstract
General outline of single seed descent method
Examples of single seed descent method and its variations
Genetic basis of single seed descent method
Application of single seed descent method
Merits of single seed descent method
Limitations of single seed descent method
Chapter 13. Backcross method
Abstract
The recurrent parent
Maintenance of the character under transfer
General out-line of the backcross method
Modifications of the backcross method
Genetic basis of the backcross method
Number of backcrosses
Seasons needed for backcrossing
Application of the backcross method
Merits of the backcross method
Limitations of the backcross method
Chapter 14. Mutation breeding
Abstract
Main classes of mutagenesis
Types of mutations
Important factors to consider in mutation breeding
Mutation breeding methodology
Identification of mutations
Major differences between seed and vegetatively propagated crops
Chapter 15. Inbreeding depression and heterosis
Abstract
Effects of inbreeding
Inbreeding depression
Heterosis
Non-allelic gene interaction in heterosis
Types of heterosis
Fixation of heterosis
Chapter 16. Population improvement
Abstract
Interpopulation improvement
Intrapopulation improvement
Chapter 17. Recurrent selection in self-pollinated crops
Abstract
Phenotypic (mass) recurrent selection with or without recombination between cycles of selection
Progeny evaluation with or without the use of male sterility
DSM system for broadening the germplasm of breeding programs
S1 and half-sibs progeny recurrent selection with or without the use of male sterility
Use of single seed descent with cyclical selection procedures
Integration of recurrent selection with genomic selection
Advantages of recurrent selection
Limitations of recurrent selection
Chapter 18. Synthetic and composite varieties
Abstract
Synthetic varieties
Composite varieties
Chapter 19. Hybrid varieties
Abstract
Steps in the development of hybrid varieties
Seed production of hybrids
Use of cytoplasmic male sterility in the seed production of hybrid
Hybrid varieties in horticultural plants
Hybrid varieties in self-pollinated crops
Chapter 20. Breeding methods used in asexual crops
Abstract
Features of vegetatively propagated crops
Breeding approaches
Micropropagation
Mutation breeding approaches in asexual crops
Apomixis
Chapter 21. Breeding for resistance to abiotic stresses
Abstract
Mechanisms of resistance
Types of abiotic stresses
Breeding approaches
Chapter 22. Breeding for resistance to biotic stresses
Abstract
Disease triangle
Definition of resistance
Types of genetic resistance to diseases
Breeding for quantitative resistance
Breeding for field resistance with qualitative resistance
Gene islands
Inheritance of resistance to diseases
Types of genetic resistance to insect-pests
Methods of breeding for resistance to biotic stresses
Management of disease and insect-pest resistance
Breeding for multiple trait resistance
Chapter 23. Intellectual property rights and protection
Abstract
Intellectual property rights
Copyright
Industrial design
Layout design of integrated circuits
Trademark
Geographical indications
Trade secret
Patent
Plant Breeder’s Right
Chapter 24. Participatory plant breeding
Abstract
Participatory varietal selection
Client oriented plant breeding or participatory plant breeding
Goals of client oriented plant breeding
Main stages of client oriented plant breeding
Main types of participation in participatory breeding
Justification for client oriented breeding approach and plant breeding considerations
Changes in breeding methodology to maximize farmer-scientist collaboration
Comparison of experiment station-based plant breeding and participatory plant breeding
Chapter 25. Breeding of crop ideotypes
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.)
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus)
Field pea (Pisum sativum L.)
Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh)
Mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek)
Black gram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper)
Considerations for ideotype breeding
Chapter 26. Field plot designs in plant breeding
Abstract
Fundamentals of experimental designs
Common replicated experimental designs in plant breeding and cultivar development
Common unreplicated designs in plant breeding and cultivar development
Chapter 27. Molecular tools in crop improvement and cultivar development
Abstract
Identification of molecular markers linked to gene or Quantitative Trait Loci of interest
Genome wide association studies
Marker assisted backcrossing
Marker assisted recurrent selection
Genomic selection
Other examples of molecular marker application in plant breeding
Practical consideration of marker applications in a breeding program
Plant transformation for crop improvement
Genome editing technology for crop improvement
Chapter 28. Phenomics and machine learning in crop improvement
Abstract
Phenomics
Phenotyping systems
Sensors
Data analytics
Phenomics and machine learning applications in plant breeding
Smart breeding
Bibliography
Index

D. P. Singh

Dr. Dhan Pal Singh is a former Professor of genetics and plant breeding and pulse breeder for 34 years. He taught several courses of plant breeding and has developed more than 41 higher yielding and disease resistant varieties of pulse crops and registered several useful and unique germplasm lines. Dr. Singh has written 2 books (1) “Breeding for Resistance to Diseases and Insect Pests” (1986), Springer-Verlag Heidelberg, Germany; and (2) “Disease and Insect Resistance in Plants” (2005), Science Publishers, USA and Oxford & IBH, India. He has also published 164 research papers, and nine book chapters. He has been inducted as a fellow by the National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Indian Society of Genetics and Plant Breeding, and Indian Society of Pulses Research and Development. He has won numerous national achievement awards.

Affiliations and expertise

Former Professor and Pulse Breeder, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, India

A. K. Singh

Dr. Asheesh K Singh is Professor and Soybean Breeder at the Iowa State University, USA. He has breeding work experience in soybean, wheat, maize, barley and oats. He has developed/co-developed 46 cultivars and 13 germplasm lines. These cultivars are annually grown in ~10 million acres in North America. Singh has published more than 100 peer reviewed articles in reputed international journals on topics related to plant breeding, genomics, phenomics and advanced data analytics. He has delivered more than 60 invited presentations nationally and internationally, hosted numerous research tours and engaged in many media interactions. Singh teaches two graduate level plant breeding courses and serves as guest lecturer in other courses including a graduate level Phenomics course. He has been recognized with the Sustainable Futures Award by the Agricultural Institute of Canada, Monsanto Chair in Soybean Breeding, several Institutional research achievement awards, and a team award for Plant Breeding E-Learning in Africa. He is a faculty fellow of the R F Baker Center for Plant Breeding and Plant Sciences Institute at Iowa State University.

Affiliations and expertise

Monsanto Chair in Soybean Breeding, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA

A. Singh

Dr. Arti Singh is an Assistant Professor at the Iowa State University, USA. She has extensive experience in breeding for disease and pest resistance in Brassica, Mung bean, Rice, Soybean, Urd bean, and Wheat. She has published more than 25 peer reviewed papers in reputed journals including the Trends in Plant Sciences, and Proceedings National Academy of Sciences, USA. She has also co-authored a book “Disease and Insect Resistance in Plants” (2005), Science Publishers, USA. She has made several invited scientific presentations nationally and internationally. She teaches graduate level courses on Host-Pest Interactions and Plant Breeding Methods, and mentors graduate students in Agronomy, Interdepartmental Genetics and Genomics, Engineering, Entomology, Pathology). She won the prestigious Jeanie Borlaug Laube Women in Triticum (WIT) Early Career Award in 2013, and a team award for Plant Breeding E-Learning in Africa in 2019.

Affiliations and expertise

Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA

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Plant Breeding and Cultivar Development

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