Physiology in Sleep

1st Edition - December 2, 2012
Imprint: Academic Press
Editor: John Orem
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 4 3 1 6 1 3 - 3
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 1 5 4 1 6 - 1

Physiology in Sleep provides the physiological definition of sleep and presents the philosophical approach to sleep that departs from pharmacological and neurophysiological… Read more

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Physiology in Sleep provides the physiological definition of sleep and presents the philosophical approach to sleep that departs from pharmacological and neurophysiological theories of sleep. This book discusses the effects of sleep on cardiovascular and respiratory function, cerebral metabolism and blood flow, as well as temperature regulation. Comprised of eight chapters, this text starts with an overview of the cardiovascular changes that occur during sleep and its direct relevance to human physiology and disease. This book then explores the variety of sleep stages, characteristics, and possible functions. Other chapters consider the evidence of nychtohemeral rhythmicity in man’s hormones that subserve growth, maturation, nurture, reproduction, mineral metabolism, energy regulation, adaptation, and survival. This book further discusses the gastric, esophageal, and intestinal functioning during sleep. The final chapter explores the sleep apnea syndromes and some examples of the sudden infant death syndrome. This book is intended for readers seeking a detailed account of physiology in sleep.

List of Contributors

Foreword

Preface

1. Cardiovascular Regulation during Sleep

I. Introduction

II. Neurophysiological Remarks

III. Cardiovascular Effects of Sleep

IV. Autonomic and Nonautonomic Mechanisms Operating during Sleep

V. Cardiovascular Reflexes during Sleep

VI. Experimental Hypertension and Sleep

VII. Cardiovascular Functions in Human Sleep

References

2. Sleep and the Cerebral Circulation

I. Introduction

II. Regulation of the Cerebral Circulation

III. CBF during Sleep

IV. Cerebral Metabolism during Sleep

V. Summary

References

3. Temperature Regulation during Sleep: A Study in Homeostasis

I. Introduction

II. Changes in Hypothalamic and Body Temperatures during the Sleep Cycle

III. Autonomic Temperature Regulation during the Sleep Cycle

IV. Hypothalamic Unit Activity during the Sleep Cycle

V. Conclusions

References

4 Endocrine Rhythms across Sleep-Wake Cycles in Normal Young Men under Basal State Conditions

I. Introduction

II. Hormonal Release Patterns

III. Purpose of Present Studies

IV. Basal State: Study Conditions and Methods

V. Evidence of Nychtohemeral Rhythms in Hormones under Basal State Conditions

VI. Phase Synchronization of 24-Hour-Long Nychtohemeral Rhythms of Hormones: Comparison of Clocktime, Sleep Onset Time, and Sundown as Basal State Reference Points

VII. Sleep-Related Masking Effects upon 24-Hour-Long Nychtohemeral Rhythms of Hormones

VIII. Summary

References

5. Hormonal Regulation of Renal Function during Sleep

I. Introduction

II. Central Neurotransmitter Regulation of Sleep

III. Vasopressin (Antidiuretic Hormone)

IV. Aldosterone

V. Prolactin

VI. Parathyroid Hormone

VII. Catecholamines and Prostaglandins

VIII. Conclusion

References

6. Alimentary Function during Sleep

I. Introduction

II. Gastric Function

III. Esophageal Function

IV. Intestinal Motility

References

7. Breathing in Sleep

I. Introduction

II. Spontaneous Changes of Respiration during Sleep

III. Sleep State and Neural Organization of Respiration

IV. Responses to Hypercapnia

V. Responses to Hypoxia

VI. Upper Airway Reflexes in Sleep

VII. Lower Airway and Lung Receptor Reflexes in Sleep

VIII. Lower Airway Function in Sleep

IX. Conclusion

References

8. Control of the Upper Airways during Sleep and the Hypersomnia-Sleep Apnea Syndrome

I. Introduction

II. Upper Airway Function during Sleep in Animals and Asymptomatic Humans

III. Structural Deviations in the Upper Airways

IV. Active Adduction of the Upper Airways

V. Sites of Obstruction during Sleep

VI. The Pathological Link between Airway Obstruction and Sleep

VII. Apneas in NREM Sleep

VIII. Apneas in REM Sleep

IX. A Summary of Mechanisms of Occlusion and Dilation during Arousal and Sleep

References

Appendix: A Compendium of Physiology in Sleep

I. Introduction

II. Cardiovascular Physiology in Sleep

III. Cerebral Blood Flow, Intracranial Pressure, and Cerebral Metabolism during Sleep

IV. Respiration in Sleep

V. Temperature Regulation in Sleep

VI. Endocrine Function during Sleep

VII. Renal Function during Sleep

VIII. Alimentary Function in Sleep

IX. Penile Tumescence during Sleep

References

Index

Life Sciences

Physical Sciences & Engineering

Social Sciences & Humanities

Health

Physiology in Sleep

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