Physical Foundations of Technical Acoustics

ForewordIndex of SymbolsAbbreviations of Journals1. Development and Methods of Acoustical Engineering 1. The Science of Sounds 2. The Range and Division of Modern Acoustics 3. Methods of Acoustical Engineering 4. System of Symbols and Units Suggested Readings and Books of Historical Value2. Acoustic Wave Propagation in Extended Fluid Media with Negligible Dissipation 1. Introduction 2. Wave Motion in Fluid Media 3. Characteristic Wave Equations 4. Acoustic Potential and General Wave Equations 5. Analysis of Time Change and Space Distribution 6. Energy of the Acoustic Wave 7. Gravity Waves 8. Numerical Determination of the Characteristic Quantities of the Field Problems Suggested Readings3. Acoustic Wave Propagation in Lossless Solids 1. Introduction 2. Strains of the Medium and the Strain Tensor 3. Stresses in the Medium and the Stress Tensor 4. General Stress-Strain Relations 5. Equations of Motion in Solids 6. Energy of Acoustic Waves 7. Rayleigh Waves Problems Suggested Readings4. Single Reflection of Acoustic Waves 1. Introduction 2. Reflection of a Plane Sound Wave from a Plane Boundary of Fluid Media 3. The Acoustic Field in the Medium I 4. Reflection in a Fluid Medium from a Boundary with a Complex Input Impedance 5. Reflection of a Plane Acoustic Wave from a Plane Boundary between Two Solid Media 6. Reflection of a Wave Beam in Fluids 7. Reflection of a Spherical Wave 8. Reflection from a Corrugated Surface Problems Suggested Readings5. Surface Sources of Acoustic Waves 1. Introduction 2. General Method for Determining the Source Radiation 3. Simplified General Formulas for the Source Radiation 4. The Field Characteristic of the Source 5. Characteristic of the Source as a Vibrating System 6. Radiation of Spherical Sources 7. The Field Characteristic of a Circular Membrane 8. The Characteristic of a Circular Membrane as a Vibrating System 9. The Radiation of other Types of Piston Membranes 10. The Radiation of a Group of Sources 11. The Source of Perturbation in a Solid Medium 12. Radiation Transients of Sources Problems Suggested Readings6. Perturbation of the Acoustic Field due to an Obstacle 1. Introduction 2. General Method of Solving the Problem 3. Immobile, Rigid obstacle in a Fluid Medium 4. Effect of the Motions of the Obstacle on the Perturbation Field 5. The Field of a Perfectly Reflecting Disc 6. Elastic obstacle in a Fluid Medium 7. Obstacle in a Solid Body Problems Suggested Readings7. Wave Propagation in Real Liquids and Gases 1. Introduction 2. Wave Attenuation in Ideal Gas Due to Internal Friction 3. Wave Attenuation Caused by Heat Losses in Ideal Gas 4. Macroscopic Representation of Molecular Absorption 5. Molecular Mechanism of Wave Propagation in Gases 6. The Molecular Mechanism of Wave Propagation in Liquids 7. The Functional Dependence of Wave Velocity on Temperature 8. Attenuation as a Function of the Temperature 9. Acoustical Properties of Substances near the Critical and Freezing Temperatures 10. Acoustic Properties of Homogeneous Mixtures 11. Acoustical Properties of Air and Water Problems Suggested Readings8. Wave Propagation in Real Solid Media 1. Introduction 2. Attenuation Due to Viscosity and Heat Dissipation 3. Attenuation Connected with Anelastic Properties of a Material 4. General Representation of Losses in a Homogeneous Medium 5. Wave Propagation in Polycrystalline Structure Materials 6. The Influence of Magnetic and Electric Properties of Materials on Wave Propagation 7. Wave Propagation in Crystals 8. Acoustic Wave Attenuation Connected with Dislocations 9. The Influence of the Presence of Free Atoms and Electrons on Wave Attenuation in Crystals Problems Suggested Readings9. Systems with Lumped Constants 1. Introduction 2. Free Vibrations of a Resonant Mechanical System 3. Other Mechanical Systems with One Degree of Freedom 4. Forced Vibrations of a System with One Degree of Freedom 5. Vibrating System in a Transient State 6. The Helmholtz Resonator as an Elementary Acoustical System 7. Acoustical Behavior of the Resonator 8. Analogies between Mechanical and Electrical Systems 9. Systems with Several Degrees of Freedom Problems Suggested Readings10. One-dimensional Systems with Distributed Constants 1. Introduction 2. Uniform Systems of Infinite Length Excited Longitudinally 3. Exact Calculations of Longitudinal Vibrations of a Bar 4. Uniform Bar or Duct with Losses 5. Uniform Systems of Infinite Length Excited Transversally (Strings) 6. Uniform Systems of Infinite Length Excited Transversally (Bars) 7. Vibrations of Uniform Systems with a Finite Length (Pipes) 8. Vibrations of Uniform Systems with Finite Length (Strings and Bars) 9. Systems of Infinite Length with a Variable Cross-Section (Sudden Change of the Cross-Section) 10. Systems of Infinite Length with a Variable Cross-Section (Horns) 11. Properties of Horns with a Finite Length 12. Horn with a Finite Length as a Four-Pole 13. Phase Velocity and Group Velocity in Acoustic Systems Problems Suggested Readings11. Two-dimensional Systems 1. Introduction 2. Acoustic Field in a Fluid Layer of Infinite Extent 3. Vibrations of a Membrane of Infinite Extent 4. Longitudinal Vibrations of a Plate of Infinite Extent 5. Transverse Vibrations of a Plate of Infinite Extent 6. Free Vibrations of Bounded Membranes 7. Free Vibrations of a Rectangular Plate 8. Free Vibrations of a Circular Plate 9. Forced Vibrations of Bounded Membranes and Plates 10. Membranes and Plates in an Acoustic Field 11. The Action of an Acoustic Wave with Oblique Incidence on a Plate 12. Vibrations of a Plate with a Compliance Load Problems Suggested Readings12. Bounded Spatial Systems 1. Introduction 2. The Geometrical Method of Investigating Spatial Systems 3. Resonance Frequencies of a Right Parallelepiped 4. Distribution of the Acoustic Field in a Right Parallelepiped 5. Dependence of Wave Attenuation on the Impedance of the Boundary Surface 6. Steady-State in an Arbitrary Enclosure 7. Absorption of Energy by the Boundaries of an Enclosure 8. A Right Parallelepiped Enclosure in a Transient State 9. Sound Field in an Arbitrary Space System 10. Parameters of the Space System 11. Solid Body as a Spatial Vibrating System Problems Suggested Readings13. Extended Spatial Systems 1. Introduction 2. General Wave Equations for an Inhomogeneous Medium 3. Determination of the Path of a Sound Ray 4. Acoustical Properties of a Mobile Medium 5. A Medium with Randomly Distributed Inhomogeneities 6. Reverberation in Extended Systems 7. Media with Distinct Macroscopic Inhomogeneities 8. Electro-acoustical Analogies in Spatial Space Systems Problems Suggested Readings14. Finite-Amplitude Waves and Vibrations 1. Introduction 2. Equations of Motion of a Finite-Amplitude Plane Wave in a Fluid, Lossless Medium 3. Changes of the Wave Profile in a Lossless Fluid Medium 4. Energy of a Finite-Amplitude Wave 5. Occurrence of Discontinuities in a Finite-Amplitude Wave 6. Mechanism of the Propagation of a Discontinuity 7. The Influence of the Absorption of the Medium on the Propagation of Finite-Amplitude Waves 8. Reflection of a Finite-Amplitude Wave 9. A Finite-Amplitude Wave in a Solid Homogeneous Medium 10. The Influence of the Physical Nonlinearity of Solid Media on Wave Propagation 11. Properties of Nonlinear Systems with Lumped Constants 12. Free Vibrations of Nonlinear Systems 13. Forced and Damped Vibrations of Nonlinear Systems Problems Suggested ReadingsName IndexSubject Index